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Traces and echoes of De Architectura by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in the work of Xu Guangqi in 17th century China

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第1期11卷 3-11页

作者： Michela CIGOLA Yibing FANG DART Laboratory of Documentation Analysis and Survey of Architecture and Territory University of Cassino and South LatiumCassino 03043 Italy Institute for the History of Natural Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study aims to investigate the role played by Xu Guangqi （1562-1633）, minister of the Ming Dynasty, in the development of European scientific and technical knowledge in China between the 16th and 17th centuries by analyzing a book of Western technology that he wrote, namely, Taixi Shuifa （On Western Hydraulics）. Several Western books related to machine knowledge are searched to trace the source of the illustrations in Taixi Shuifa. We found that Archimedes＇ screw and Ctesibius＇ machine, which are included in Vitruvius＇ De Architectura volumes, also appear in the work of Xu Guangqi.

关键词： Vitruvius' De Architectura Xu Guangqi'sTaixi Shuifa jesuit missionaries Italian Renaissance,drawing representation

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Restituting Church Buildings and Negotiating Church Factions： Missionary Mapmakers and the Making of Local Networks （1712-1716）

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Frontiers of History in China 2014年第4期9卷 489-505页

作者： Mario Cams Faculty of Arts University ofLeuven B-3000 Leuven Belgium

At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, most of them French jesuits first sent to China in 1685 and actively supported by the French crown. Early 18th century jesuit publications foster a much-heralded claim that these missionary-mapmakers drew on their status of imperial envoys during the surveys to locally advance the position of the Catholic church. This article strives to explore the format/on of such local networks by these missionaries as they passed through the cities and towns of the Chinese provinces. On the basis of archival material, details emerge of contacts with local Qing administrators and Chinese Christians, and of attempts to purchase and recover local churches. This is then discussed against the background of the Rites Controversy, in an attempt to evaluate how such local networks relate to the rivalry between missionaries of different orders. The article emphasizes that there was （and perhaps is） no such thing as ＂pure science＂ by underscoring that important technical achievements such as the Qing mapping project are often shaped by complex networks and historical contingencies.

关键词： cartography Rites Controversy Kangxi atlas jesuit missionaries MEP,early Sino-European contacts Huangyu quanlan tu

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