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Estimation of irrigation requirements for drip-irrigated maize in a sub-humid climate

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 677-692页

作者： LIU Yang YANG Hai-shun LI Jiu-sheng LI Yan-feng YAN Hai-jun College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048 P.R.China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln 68503 United States

Drip-irrigation is increasingly applied in maize （Zea mays L.） production in sub-humid region. It is cdtical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages under diverse climatic conditions. In this study, the Hybrid-Maize model was calibrated and applied in a sub-humid Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China to estimate irrigation requirements for drip- irrigated maize during different crop physiological development stages and under diverse agro-climatic conditions. Using dimensionless scales, the whole growing season of maize was divided into diverse development stages from planting to maturity. Drip-irrigation dates and irrigation amounts in each irrigation event were simulated and summarized in 30-year simulation from 1981 to 2010. The maize harvest area of Heilongjiang Province was divided into 10 agro-climatic zones based on growing degree days, arid index, and temperature seasonality. The simulated results indicated that seasonal irrigation requirements and water stress during different growth stages were highly related to initial soil water content and distribution of seasonal precipitation. In the experimental site, the average irrigation amounts and times ranged from 48 to 150 mm with initial soil water content decreasing from 100 to 20% of the maximum soil available water. Additionally, the earliest drip-irrigation event might occur during 3- to 8-leaf stage. The water stress could occur at any growth stages of maize, even in wet years with abundant total seasonal rainfall but poor distribution. And over 50% of grain yield loss could be caused by extended water stress during the kernel setting window and grain filling period. It is estimated that more than 94% of the maize harvested area in Heilongjiang Province needs to be irrigated although the yield increase varied （0 to 109%） in diverse agro-climatic zones. Consequently, at least 14% of more maize production could be achieved through drip-irrigation systems in Heilongjiang Provinc

关键词： drip irrigation irrigation requirements maize agro-climatic regionlization crop simulation sub-humid climate

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Determination of Young Olive-Tree Water Consumption with Drainage Lysimeters

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第9期6卷 841-851页

作者： L.Puppo C.García J.Girona M.García-Petillo Grupo Disciplinario de Ingeniería Agrícola Unidad de HidrologíaDepartamento de Suelos y Aguas-Facultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria(INIA) Las BrujasCanelonesUruguay Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Programa Uso Eficiente del AguaCentre UdL-IRTA Parc de GardenyEdifici FruitcentreLleidaCatalunyaEspana

Information about olive-tree irrigation in sub-humid climates, as in Uruguay, is scarce. Water consumption of young olive trees, Arbequina variety, was measured for two years with six drainage lysimeters, protected from rain by an automatic rain-out shelter. irrigation water volume and drainage of each lysimeter were measured daily and soil moisture was registered twice a week with neutron probe at four depths. Evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated by volume balance. Data periods when available water descended below 50% or increased over 100% were eliminated, as those in which the stem water potential was below -1.5 MPa. Water consumption values were averaged within 7- to 14-day periods, expressed in mm·d-1, and referred to a 2.5 × 5.5 m plantation framework without vegetation cover. There was a positive linear relation of the summer crop coefficient (Kc mid) with age, canopy cover percentage and canopy volume. Canopy cover percentage was the parameter which explained most of the variation of Kc mid, which ranged between 0.13 and 0.24, with 5% and 46% canopy cover, respectively. Full irrigation, associated to a good drainage resulted in a rapid growth of the young plants, bringing forward the start of full production period. This represents useful information for the adjustment of irrigation in olive-tree orchards, to accelerate growth with a rational and sustainable use of both water and energy in Uruguay.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Crop Coefficients irrigation requirements Olea europea L.

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