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irrigation ponds:Possibility and potentials for the treatment of drainage water from paddy fields in Zhanghe irrigation System

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3320-3327页

作者： BROWN Larry Ohio State University 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210-1057 USA

Excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides as well as discharge of undecontaminated and unrecycled waste of livestock and poultry into farmland has caused serious non-point source pollution (NSP) of farmland in China. With the traditional mode of irrigation and drainage in rice-based irrigation systems, the pollution of farmland drainage water has become more and more serious. Traditional irrigation and drainage systems only focus on issues concerning water quantity, i.e. the capacity of irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging period, yet have no requirement on water quality improvement. how to clean the water quality of farmland drainage through remodeling the existing irrigation and drainage systems has a very important realistic meaning. Pond is an important irrigation facility in rice-based irrigation systems in southern China, which has the functions of not only a storage of water from canals but also collections of surface runoffs and farmland drainage for recycling use. Such water storage features of pond provide the possibility and potential capacity for drainage water treatment by managing such features as treatment basins as the growth of aquatic plants as well as living of fishes, batrachia and microorganisms in pond forms a soil-plant-microorganism ecological system. To explore the potential capacity of pond for drainage water nutrient reduction, the Zhanghe irrigation System of Hubei, a typical "melon-on-the-vine" system in southern China is selected as the research site. The results of pond survey and field experiments demonstrate that plenty of ponds are suitable for collecting and cleaning paddy field drainage, and the ponds are favorable in reducing N, P nutrients in the drainage water. Other issues, e.g. how to maximize such capacity and what strategies should be sought to make existing treatment basins hydraulically more efficient, are also discussed.

关键词： agricultural non-point source pollution irrigation and drainage system treatment basin pond management water quality

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irrigation decision model for tomato seedlings based on optimal photosynthetic rate

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 115-122页

作者： Xiangbei Wan Bin Li Danyan Chen Xingyue Long Yifei Deng Huarui Wu Jin Hu College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100ShaanxiChina National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing 100097China

Soil moisture is a major environmental factor that influences tomato growth and *** soil moisture not only increases tomato production but also saves irrigation *** this study,an irrigation decision model was developed,which called soil moisture regulation model,for optimizing growth of tomato seedlings while saving *** data used for modeling were collected from a multi-gradient nested experiment,in which temperature,photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD),carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration and soil moisture were variables and the corresponding photosynthetic rate was ***,a prediction model of tomato photosynthetic rate was constructed using support vector regression(SVR)*** photosynthetic rate prediction model as fitness function,genetic algorithm(GA)was used to find the optimal soil moisture under each combination of the above environmental ***,back propagation neural network(BPNN)algorithm was used to establish a decision model of tomato irrigation,which could provide the optimal soil moisture under current *** the soil moisture regulation model constructed here,the coefficient of determination was 0.9738,the mean square error of the test set was 1.51×10-5,the slope of the verified straight line was 0.9752,and the intercept was *** model demonstrated high precision,which thereby provides a theoretical basis for accurate irrigation control in the greenhouse facility environment.

关键词： irrigation decision model soil moisture tomato photosynthetic rate machine learning

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The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 679-694页

作者： Kai Gao Shamila Haddad Riccardo Paolini Jie Feng Muzahim Altheeb Abdulrahman AI Mogirah Abdullatif Bin Moammar Mattheos Santamouris School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign and ArchitectureUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Royal Commission of Riyadh City RiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute of Future Cities Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Severe urban heat,a prevalent climate change consequence,endangers city residents ***-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this ***,the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation,despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate *** study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure(GI)for heat mitigation in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage,severe summer heat,and *** research forecasting model(WRF)is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition,including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%,considering irrigation and vegetation types(tall/short).In Riyadh,without irrigation,increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming(0.1 to 0.3℃).Despite irrigation,Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses,in terms of average peak hour temperature *** study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation,reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing ***,water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.

关键词： green infrastructure evapotranspiration cooling desert city irrigation urban overheating

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Long-term impact of municipal sewage irrigation on treated soil and black locust trees in a semi-arid suburban area of Iran

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1438-1445页

作者： Masoud Tabari Azadeh Salehi Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares University

The effects of municipal sewage irrigation on the soil and black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） tree were studied. For this purpose, two artificial black locust stands under irrigation of municipal sewage and well water were selected in south of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in each stand. It was found that the growth of black locust tree, as indicated by diameter at breast height, total height, crown length, average crown diameter, basal area and volume, in sewage irrigation stand was much higher than that of well water irrigation stand （P 〈 0.01）. Plant analysis indicated that concentrations of leaf nutrients （N, E K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn） were greater in sewage-irrigated trees, without toxicity to the minerals of tree leaf, than those of well waterirrigated trees, and positively correlated with their respective value in soil. Ni, Cr and Pb were not detected in leaf samples. Application of sewage resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil nutrients, Ni, Cr and Pb. Among these minerals only Pb and Ni in some soil samples exceeded the toxicity limit. The increase in pH, electrical conductivity （EC） and organic carbon of soil was also observed in sewage irrigation. Results confirm that besides the use as irrigation water, municipal sewages are also a potential source of plant nutrients. However, significant accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb and Ni in soil needs to be monitored.

关键词： afforestation irrigation municipal sewage black locust nutrient heavy metal

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Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil,crop and environment:Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1093-1099页

作者： WANG Jun-feng WANG Gen-xu WANYAN Hua College of Resource and Environmental Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 China

A study was carded out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi, China, to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm. Seven crops, including celery, wheat, maize, millet, apples, rapeseed and yellow beans, were tested in the study. Physical and chemical properties of the soil, crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured. In most cases, the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage. However, yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter. Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents. For a period of approximately 14 months, the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported. With treated sewage irrigation, a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.

关键词： irrigation treated sewage crop quality crop yield soil groundwater

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Emergy evaluation of the contribution of irrigation water, and its utilization, in three agricultural systems in China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 325-337页

作者： Dan CHEN Zhaohui LUO Michael WEBBER Jing CHEN Weiguang WANG Key Laboratory of Efficient irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China (Ministry of Education) College of Water Conservancy and Hvdrooower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Department of Resource Management and Geography The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Emergy theory and method are used to evaluate the contribution of irrigation water, and the process of its utilization, in three agricultural systems. The agricultural systems evaluated in this study were rice, wheat, and oilseed rape productions in an irrigation pumping district of China. A corresponding framework for emergy evaluation and sensitivity analysis methods was proposed. Two new indices, the fraction of irrigation water （FIW）, and the irrigation intensity of agriculture （IIA）, were developed to depict the contribution of irrigation water. The calculated FIW indicated that irrigation water used for the rice production system （34.7%） contributed more than irrigation water used for wheat （5.3%） and oilseed rape （11.2%） production systems in a typical dry year. The wheat production with an IIA of 19.0 had the highest net benefit from irrigation compared to the rice （2.9） and oilseed rape （8.9） productions. The transformities of the systems＇ products represented different energy efficiencies for rice （2.50E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1）, wheat （1.66E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1） and oilseed rape （2.14E ＋ 05 sej .J^-1） production systems. According to several emergy indices, of the three systems evaluated, the rice system had the greatest level of sustainability. However, all of them were less sustainable than the ecological agricultural systems. A sensitivity analysis showed that the emergy inputs of irrigation water and nitrogenous fertilizer were the highest sensitivity factors influencing the emergy ratios. Best Management Practices, and other agroecological strategies, could be implemented to make further improvements in the sustainability of the three systems.

关键词： emergy evaluation irrigation agriculture,sustainability

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Evaluation of glacial resource potential for sustaining kuhl irrigation system under changing climate in the Himalayan region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1150-1159页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF Adeela BATOOL Climate Energy and Water Research Institute National Agricultural Research Center (NARC)

A large numbers of mountain communities in the Himalayan region depend on glacier-fed kuhl system – gravity flow irrigation, for their sustenance. The depletion and retreat of glaciers often result in disruption of melt flows to kuhl system, which ultimately impacts the agriculture as well as livelihood of the local communities. Sustainability of glacial resource was assessed for establishing kuhl irrigation system based on indices of glacier decrease by number(GDN) and glacier depletion by volume(GDV) during the 2001-2013 period. The selected factors are important in terms of understanding point source and reserve potential of glaciers for sustaining glacier-fed kuhl irrigation in this region. The sustainability of glaciers was found good(i.e. a least decrease or rather increase in glacier number and volume) in about 23.6% glaciers(ice reserves about 705.9 km^3) under >10 km^2 area class of glaciers mainly in Gilgit and Shigar river basins of the Karakoram range. In the 5–10 km^2 class of glaciers, sustainability was good in 49 glaciers(ice reserve 26.59 km^3) and under 1–5 km^2 class, in 558 glaciers(ice reserve 60.189 km^3). Overall sustainability of glaciers appears to prevail in the Karakoram basins. The lesser sustainability of glaciers in the Himalaya basins like Astore and Jhelum would apparently be compensated by monsoon and change in rainfall pattern. A regular monitoring of the glacier resource and utilizing advance water conservation techniques would help in coping with negative impacts of downwasting of glaciers and provide long-term support to kuhl irrigation system in the Himalayan region in future.

关键词： Kuhl irrigation Glacial resource Karakoram Himalaya Hindu Kush

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Model Identification and Control of Evapotranspiration for irrigation Water Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1749-1767页

作者： Wafa Difallah Fateh Bounaama Belkacem Draoui Khelifa Benahmed Abdelkader Laaboudi Department of Exact Sciences Normal Higher School of Bechar08000Algeria Laboratory of Energetic in Arid Zones Faculty of TechnologyTahri Mohammed University of Bechar08000Algeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Exact SciencesTahri Mohammed University of Bechar08000Algeria Algerian Institute for Research in Agronomy Experimental Station of Adrar01000Algeria

Water conservation starts from rationalizing irrigation,as it is the largest consumer of this vital *** the critical and urgent nature of this issue,several works have been *** idea of most researchers is to develop irrigation management systems tomeet the water needs of plants with optimal use of this *** fact,irrigation water requirement is only the amount of water that must be applied to compensate the evapotranspiration ***-Monteith equation is the most common formula to evaluate reference evapotranspiration,but it requiresmany factors that cannot be available in many *** leads to a trend towards behavior model *** identification with control is one of the most promising applications in this *** idea behind this proposal depends on three stages:First,the estimation of reference evapotranspiration(ET0)by a linear ARX model,where temperature,relative humidity,insolation duration and wind speed are used as inputs,and ET0 estimated by Penman-Monteith equation as *** results show that the values estimated by thismethodwere in good agreement with the measured *** second part of this paper is tomanage the quantity of *** this purpose,two controllers are used for testing,lead-lag and *** adjust the first controller and optimize the choice of its parameters,Nelder-Mead algorithm is *** the last part,a comparative study is done between the two used controllers.

关键词： Evapotranspiration water identification optimization irrigation control

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Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 22-33页

作者： Jacob Jeremiah Towa Guo Xiangping Key Laboratory of High-Effective irrigation and Drainage and Agricultural Water and Soil Environment in Southern China Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China irrigation and Technical Services Division Ministry of AgricultureFood Security and CooperativeDar es Salaama9192Tanzania

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds control methods and an irrigation model on rice growth as well as water consumption and weed quantity in the paddy *** conventional paddy rice production,one of the most important irrigated crops,a significant amount of irrigation water is lost due to percolation and evaporation.A new irrigation model called the Rain-Catching and Controlled irrigation(RCCI)model has been developed as a viable water-saving technology in the production of paddy *** this study the performance of the RCCI model has been analyzed under mulching,hand weeding and weedy conditions in Jiangsu Province of *** experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replications and nine *** three replicates consisted of three water management regimes:high dry high flooding(HD-HF),high dry low flooding(HD-LF),and shallow and frequent irrigation(SF)water *** RCCI model was adopted in HD-HF and HD-LF while Flooding irrigation(CFI)was adopted in SF as a *** nine treatments were equally divided under mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 244.86 mm in mulching and 429.22 mm in hand weeding,respectively at *** the lowest and maximum irrigation water delivery was 300.1 mm in the mulching field and 680.72 mm under hand weeding,respectively at *** Nanjing 44 rice variety was *** was observed that weed density and dry weight were significantly influenced by the amount of irrigation water in all the mulching,hand weeding and weedy *** yield and the number of irrigations,the RCCI model produced better results than *** under RCCI was an effective method to control weeds and reduce labor *** addition,mulching decreases the use of herbicides and the risk of *** the other hand,mulching could improve yield and save water.

关键词： irrigation weed control mulching hand weeding RCCI weed population agronomy traits paddy rice

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The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2854-2868页

作者： ZHU Yan Miles Dyck CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN Hui Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China(IWSA) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2E3Canada

To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.

关键词： aerated irrigation soil respiration soil oxygen yield tomato

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