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广赤眼蜂滞育诱导中的种内变异及复寄生的作用(英语)

中药与天然药高峰论坛暨第十二届全国中药和天然药物学术研...

＜正＞Aim of the study:Firstly to identify Panax genus by SNP sites,and to set up a special molecular identification method of P.ginseng,P.notoginseng,P.quinquefolius and P.japonicus in Pharmacopoeia of China.Materials and methods:Three regions（ITS2,matK and psbA-trnH）were chosen to investigate Intraspecific variation by K2P（Kimura-two-parameter）model in medicinal plants of Panax genus from different populations based on DNA barcoding analysis.Total of 167 ITS2 sequences of the four species were analyzed,including 87 samples of P.ginseng,27 of P.quinquefolius,31 of P.notoginseng and 22 of P.japonicus.SNPs in ITS2 region were detected and the phylogenetic tree using maximum parsimony method based on ITS2 sequence was built to identify Panax species with their adulterants.Patterns of intragenomic and Intraspecific variation of ITS2 in the four Panax species were studied by comparing all of the multiple copies in genome by 454 high throughout sequencing with the sequences obtained from large number of samples by the direct PCR product sequencing.Results:intraspecific genetic distance in P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius and P.notoginseng were pretty low.Zero variation of ITS2 occured in p.ginseng and p.quinquefolius, while the intragenomic of P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius also shared little variation.The dominant variation in P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius possessed about 97.61%and 98.64%respectively of the whole variation in genome,which showed that the ITS2 could be considered as a single locus in genome of P.ginseng and P.quinquefolius.Based on 87 samples of P.ginseng and 27 samples of P. quinquefolius analysis,two SNPs in ITS2 sequences were proved to exist stably between them. What’s more,one of the two SNPs existing in ITS2 of P.notoginseng and one SNP in ITS2 of P.quinquefolius could be used to distinguish them from all of the Panax species respectively.From MP tree of ITS2,the three of the four species aligned in its own clade except P.japonicus,separated with their closely related species and adulterants,indicating that IT

关键词： Panax Intraspecific variation SNPs ITS2 intragenomic divergence

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Insect Science 1995年第4期2卷 337-344页

作者：李丽英朱涤芳广东省昆虫研究所广东省昆虫研究所广州510260

研究了采自伊朗不同害虫的两种广赤眼蜂种群(T.evanescens A和T.evanescens B)的滞育,在米蛾卵内用恒温8℃,5℃或变温(11-23)℃-11℃容易地诱导T.evanescens A进入稳定的滞育,但却不能用同样的温度和寄主诱导T.evanescens B进入滞育.试... 详细信息

研究了采自伊朗不同害虫的两种广赤眼蜂种群(T.evanescens A和T.evanescens B)的滞育,在米蛾卵内用恒温8℃,5℃或变温(11-23)℃-11℃容易地诱导T.evanescens A进入稳定的滞育,但却不能用同样的温度和寄主诱导T.evanescens B进入滞育.试验表明,母代的寄主和避免复寄生的能力可能在广赤眼蜂滞育诱导种内变异中起重要作用.

关键词： Trichogramma evanescens Westwood Intraspecific variation superparasitism diapause induction

Floral trait variation across individual plants within a population enhances defense capability to nectar robbing

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 315-325页

作者： Shuang Tie Yong-Deng He Amparo Lazaro David W.Inouye You-Hao Guo Chun-Feng Yang College of Life Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Change Research Group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(IMEDEAUIB-CSIC)EsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Post Office Box 519Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Floral trait variation may help pollinators and nectar robbers identify their target plants and,thus,lead to differential selection pressure for defense capability against floral antagonists.However,the effect of floral trait variation among individuals within a population on multi-dimensional plant-animal interactions has been little explored.We investigated floral trait variation,pollination,and nectar robbing among individual plants in a population of the bumble bee-pollinated plant,Caryopteris divaricata,from which flowers are also robbed by bumble bees with varying intensity across individuals.We measured the variation in corolla tube length,nectar volume and sugar concentration among individual plants,and evaluated whether the variation were recognized by pollinators and robbers.We investigated the in-fluence of nectar robbing on legitimate visitation and seed production per fruit.We found that the primary nectar robber(Bombus nobilis)preferred to forage on plants with long-tubed flowers,which produced less nectar and had lower sugar concentration compared to those with shorter corolla tubes.Individuals with shorter corolla tubes had comparatively lower nectar robbing intensity but higher visitation by legitimate visitors(mainly B.picipes)and higher seed production.Nectar robbing signifi-cantly reduced seed production because it decreased pollinator visits.However,neither pollination nor seed production differed between plants with long and short corolla tubes when nectar robbers were excluded.This finding suggests that floral trait variation might not be driven by pollinators.Such variation among individual plants thus allows legitimate visitors and nectar robbers to segregate niches and enhances population defense against nectar robbing in unpredictable conditions.

关键词： Bumble bees Caryopteris divaricata Corolla tube Intraspecific variation Plant reproductive success Pollination

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Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： Gordon P.Smith Goggy Davidowitz Ruben Alarcón Daniel R.Papaj Judith L.Bronstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths Intraspecific variation pollination sex differences

Image analysis of Moroccan carob seeds(Ceratonia siliqua L.)revealed substantial Intraspecific variations depending on climate and geographic origin

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 455-468页

作者： Jalal Kassout Younes Hmimsa Salama El Fatehi Abdeltif El Ouahrani Khalil Kadaoui Soufian Chakkour David Ariza‑Mateos Guillermo Palacios‑Rodríguez Rafael Navarro‑Cerrillo Mohammed Ater Laboratory of Applied Botany Bio‑Agrodiversity TeamFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Abdelmalek EssaadiTétouanMorocco Associated International Laboratory EVOLEA INEE‑CNRS‑CNRSTMontpellierFrance Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache University of Abdelmalek EssaadiLaracheMorocco Forestry Engineering Department ERSAF Research Group RNM‑360University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain

Background:The carob tree(Ceratonia siliqua L.)is one of the most iconic tree species of the Mediterranean region,with valuable economic,ecological and cultural value.Carob has been exploited around the Mediterranean region since antiquity and has been regarded as an important component of natural habitats and traditional agroecosystems.Several studies have focused on its morphological,biochemical,and genetic diversity.However,less is known about the Intraspecific variation of seed traits.In this regard,and as an overall objective,we intend to evaluate the amplitude and the expression of Intraspecific variations of carob seed traits at different ecological scales ranging from individual trees to different geographical landscapes.In addition,we investigated how the climate along the study area affects the extent of carob seed variability.Using image analysis techniques,we measured seven traits related to the size and the shape of 1740 seeds collected from 18 populations of spontaneous C.siliqua distributed along a latitudinal transect in Morocco under different bioclimatic conditions.Results:The morphometric analysis of carob seed showed the effectiveness of adopted approach to highlight the amount and the amplitude of Intraspecific variation according to geographic and climatic factors.Seed trait analysis revealed high intraspecific variability,explained by differences between and among carob populations and geographic zones.Seed area,perimeter,length,and width showed the largest variability between geographic zones.However,circularity,aspect ratio,and seed roundness showed higher variability at the tree level.Finally,our results show that seed traits vary depending on altitude and climate condition.Conclusions:Revealing the amount and the structure of intraspecific traits variability of carob seed provides interesting insights to understand the mechanisms underlying trees adaptation to various environmental and ecological conditions.Therefore,Intraspecific variation of seed traits should be integrated into trait

关键词： Carob tree Image analysis Seed traits Intraspecific variation Morocco

Trait variation and functional diversity maintenance of understory herbaceous species coexisting along an elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain,Southwest China

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Plant Diversity 2016年第6期38卷 303-311页

作者： Yahuang Luo Jie Liu Shaolin Tan Marc W.Cadotte Kun Xu Lianming Gao Dezhu Li Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences University of Toronto-Scarborough & Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Characterizing trait variation across different ecological scales in plant communities has been viewed as a way to gain insights into the mechanisms driving species coexistence.However,little is known about how changes in intraspecific and interspecific traits across sites influence species richness and community assembly,especially in understory herbaceous communities.Here we partitioned the variance of four functional traits(maximum height,leaf thickness,leaf area and specific leaf area)across four nested biological scales:individual,species,plot,and elevation to quantify the scale-dependent distributions of understory herbaceous trait variance.We also integrated the comparison of the trait variance ratios to null models to investigate the effects of different ecological processes on community assembly and functional diversity along a 1200-m elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain.We found interspecific trait variation was the main trait variation component for leaf traits,although intraspecific trait variation ranged from 10% to 28% of total variation.In particular,maximum height exhibited high plasticity,and Intraspecific variation accounted for 44% of the total variation.Despite the fact that species composition varied across elevation and species richness decreased dramatically along the elevational gradient,there was little variance at our largest(elevation)scale in leaf traits and functional diversity remained constant along the elevational gradient,indicating that traits responded to smaller scale influences.External filtering was only observed at high elevations.However,strong internal filtering was detected along the entire elevational gradient in understory herbaceous communities,possibly due to competition.Our results provide evidence that species coexistence in understory herbaceous communities might be structured by differential niche-assembled processes.This approach ee integrating different biological scales of trait variation ee may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in th

关键词： Biological scale Community assembly Functional diversity Intraspecific variation Species richness Trait variance ratio

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Ring Clinal variation in Morphology of the Green Odorous Frog(Odorrana margaretae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 108-114页

作者： Guannan WEN Jinzhong FU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphOntario NIG 2W1Canada

The green odorous frog(Odorrana margaretae)has an interesting ring-shaped divergence pattern around the Sichuan Basin and documenting its morphological variations is essential in understanding its evolutionary history.Using curvilinear models,we detected significant geographical clinal variations in morphological traits,particularly sizes,of female O.margaretae.Males had significantly smaller sizes than females,and also had smaller variation ranges than females.One major trend of morphological variations was clinal:populations from the west tended to have a larger size with wider head and longer posterior limbs than populations from the east.Species history,with an early extended isolation and two subsequent secondary contacts,may explain most of the geographical clinal variations of O.margaretae.Bioclimatic factors may also contribute in explaining the variance of morphology.

关键词： geographical clinal Intraspecific variation morphology Odorrana margaretae

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The effects of elevated ozone and CO_(2) on growth and defense of native,exotic and invader trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 266-272页

作者： Hong Wang Ling Zhang Xiaochi Ma Jianwen Zou Evan Siemann College of Resource and Environment Anhui Science and Technology University168 Shungeng RoadChuzhou 233100China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNo.1 WeigangNanjing 210095China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University1225 Zhimin AvenueNanchang 330045China Department of Biosciences Rice University6100 Main StreetHoustonTX 77005USA

Aims Elevated ozone and CO_(2) can differentially affect the performance of plant species.variation among native,exotic and invader spe-cies in their growth and defense responses to CO_(2) and ozone may shape CO_(2) and ozone effects on invasions,perhaps in part also due to variation between native and invasive populations of invaders.Methods We manipulated ozone(control or 100 ppb)and CO_(2)(ambient or 800 ppm)in a factorial greenhouse experiment in replicated cham-bers.We investigated growth and defense(tannins)of seedlings of Triadica sebifera from invasive(USA)and native(China)populations and pairs of US and China tree species within three genera(Celtis,Liquidambar and Platanus).Important Findings Overall,ozone reduced growth in ambient CO_(2) but elevated CO_(2) limited this effect.T.sebifera plants from invasive populations had higher growth than those from native populations in control con-ditions or the combination of elevated CO_(2) and ozone in which invasive populations had greater increases in growth.Their perfor-mances were similar in elevated CO_(2) because native populations were more responsive and their performances were similar with elevated ozone because invasive populations were more suscep-tible.Compared to other species,T.sebifera had high growth rates but low levels of tannin production that were insensitive to vari-ation in CO_(2) or ozone.Both China and US Platanus plants reduced tannins with increased CO_(2) and/or ozone and US Liquidambar plants increased tannins with the combination of elevated CO_(2) and ozone.The growth results suggest that Intraspecific variation in T.sebifera will reduce the effects of CO_(2) or ozone alone on inva-sions but increase their combined effects.The tannin results suggest that defense responses to CO_(2) and ozone will be variable across native and exotic species.The effects of CO_(2) and ozone on growth and defense of native and exotic species indicate that the benefit or harm to species from these global change drivers is an idiosyncratic combination o

关键词： global change Intraspecific variation invasions tannins Triadica sebifera

Leaf trait variation captures climate differences but differs with species irrespective of functional group

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 61-69页

作者： Guohong Wang Jinglan Liu Tingting Meng State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshan100093 BeijingChina College of Natural Reserves Beijing Forestry UniversityNo.35 QinghuadongluBeijing 100083China

Aims To clarify whether variation in leaf traits with climate differs with scale,i.***.across species and within a species,and to detect whether plant functional group affects species-specific response.Methods Leaf dry matter content(LDMC),specific leaf area(SLA),mass-and area-based leaf N(N_(mass),N_(area))and leaf P concentrations(P_(mass),P_(area))and leaf chlorophyll concentration(SPAD)were measured for 92 woody plant species in two botanical gardens in China.The two gardens share plant species in common but differ in climate.Leaf trait variation between the two gardens was examined via mean comparison at three scales:all species together,species grouped into plant functional groups and within a species.A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the species-specific responses.Important Findings At the scale of all species together,LDMC,SLA,P_(mass) and N_(mass) were significantly lower in the dry-cold habitat than in the wet-warm one,whereas N_(area) and SPAD showed an inverse pattern,indicating a significant environmental effect.The meta-analysis showed that the above-mentioned patterns persisted for SLA,N_(area) and SPAD but not for the other variables at the species-specific scale,indicating that Intraspecific variation affects the overall pattern of LDMC,P_(mass) and N_(mass) and P_(area).In terms of species-specific response,posi-tive,negative or nonsignificant patterns were observed among the 92 species.Contrary to our prediction,species-specific responses within a functional group were not statistically more similar than those among functional groups.Our results indicated that leaf trait variation captured climatic difference yet species-specific responses were quite diverse irrespective of plant functional group,providing new insights for interpreting trait variability with climate.

关键词： chemical traits leaf dry matter specific leaf area Intraspecific variation life form woody plants botanical garden