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Methodological issues in the study of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8821-8836页

作者： Valentina Taverniti Simone Guglielmetti Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milan Italy

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal functional disorder with the highest prevalence in the industrialized world. The intestinal microbiota (IM) plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBS and is not merely a consequence of this disorder. Previous research efforts have not revealed unequivocal microbiological signatures of IBS, and the experimental results are contradictory. The experimental methodologies adopted to investigate the complex intestinal ecosystem drastically impact the quality and significance of the results. Therefore, to consider the methodological aspects of the research on IM in IBS, we reviewed 29 relevant original research articles identified through a PubMed search using three combinations of keywords: “irritable bowel syndrome + microflora”, “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiota” and “irritable bowel syndrome + microbiome”. For each study, we reviewed the quality and significance of the scientific evidence obtained with respect to the experimental method adopted. The data obtained from each study were compared with all considered publications to identify potential inconsistencies and explain contradictory results. The analytical revision of the studies referenced in the present review has contributed to the identification of microbial groups whose relative abundance significantly alters IBS, suggesting that these microbial groups could be IM signatures for this syndrome. The identification of microbial biomarkers in the IM can be advantageous for the development of new diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different subtypes of IBS.

关键词： intestinal dysfunction Irritable bowel syndrome intestinal microbiota Bifidobacteria New generation DNA sequencing

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SARS-CoV-2 And The Gastrointestinal Disorders

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TMR Theory and Hypothesis 2021年第4期4卷 549-558页

作者： SADIQUE HUSSAIN CHANDAN MOHAPATRA KESHAV TRIVEDI LAKSHIKA GUPTA HARSHIT BAWEJA School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jaipur National UniversityJagatpura 302017JaipurRajasthanIndia School of Engineering and Technology Jaipur National UniversityJagatpura 302017JaipurRajasthanIndia.

Since the 1918 influenza pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has produced the largest pandemic throughout the globe. SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) are both members of the Beta CoV. The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has terrible implications and is currently a serious health concern throughout the world. SARS-CoV-2 affects the respiratory system first since it is the major site of entrance into the patient, but it can also damage other systems. Aside from the typical respiratory problems, several COVID-19 patients develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as weight loss, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 may infect the GI system via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and indications of a fecal-oral transmission pathway are growing. Globally, GI disorders (GIDs) are becoming a major source of morbidity in youth. The condition has a significant financial impact on healthcare systems and hurts people's lives;nonetheless, very little is documented about the condition's worldwide prevalence and incidence. Alterations in gut sensitivity, motility, microbiota, immunological function, and central nervous system processing are all factors that contribute to GIDs. GI malfunction results in changes in changes in gut bacteria as well as an elevation in inflammatory cytokines. As a result, recognizing GI symptoms that precede COVID-19 respiratory issues may be crucial for better early identification and treatment. In GI epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine-type 2 were also discovered to be substantially expressed. SARS-CoV-2 may also infect and multiply in both GI and liver cells in a dynamic manner. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might be a viable target for the GI tract. This review focuses on the GI complications that arise due to COVID-19 and how the CoVs give rise to GI symptoms.

关键词： COVID SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal diseases ACE2 intestinal dysfunction

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