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Effect of fosfomycin,Cynara scolymus extract,deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 386-395页

作者： Guadalupe Martinez Susana N.Dieguez Maria B.Fernandez Paggi Maria B.Riccio Denisa S.Perez Gaudio Edgardo Rodriguez Fabian A.Amanto Maria O.Tapia Alejandro L.Soraci Area Toxicología Departamento de FisiopatologíaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil(CIVETAN) UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICETFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasCampus UniversitarioTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas-CONICET Buenos AiresC1425FQBArgentina Comisión de Investigaciónes Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(CIC-PBA) La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina Area Producción Porcina Departamento de Producción AnimalFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional del Centro de La Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina Area Estadística Sanidad Animal y Medicina PreventivaFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversiclacl Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilB7000Buenos AiresArgentina

Weaning is a challenging stage of pig farming.Animals undergo environmental,social and dietary changes leading to weaning stress syndrome.In order to compensate for the detrimental effects of weaning stress,antibiotics and natural extracts are used as feed additives,sometimes without fully understanding the interactions between them or even with low concentrations of mycotoxins that are frequently present in feed.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin(FOS),Cynara scolymus extract(CSE),deoxynivalenol(DON) and their combined administration on intestinal health of weaned piglets.The experiment was designed as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors(FOS,CSE and DON treatments),2 levels each(presence and absence) and 3 repeats.Weaned piglets(n=24)were randomly divided in groups to receive the different treatments,namely DON administered in diet(50 μg/kg BW),FOS administered into the drinking water(30 mg/kg BW),CSE administered in diet(15 mg/kg BW) and all their combinations.After 15 d,the animals were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate gastrointestinal pH,Enterobacteriaceae to lactic acid bacteria(E:L) ratio,volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations,disaccharidase(lactase,sucrase and maltase)activity,histology(intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and mucus ability to adhere pathogenic Escherichia coli.From our results,FOS and CSE treatments,individually or combined,produced a lower E:L ratio,an enhanced production of butyrate,increased disaccharidase activity(particularly maltase),and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus.Deoxynivalenol did not show interactions with the other factors and its administration produced decreases on VFA,disaccharidase activity and goblet cells count.In conclusion,weaning piglets receiving diets containing FOS,CSE or both exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these comp

关键词： Fosfomycin Cynara scolymus extract Deoxynivalenol intestinal health Weaned piglets

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PTEN-induced kinase 1-induced dynamin-related protein 1 Ser637 phosphorylation reduces mitochondrial fission and protects against intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第15期26卷 1758-1774页

作者： Wasim Qasim Yang Li Rui-Min Sun Dong-Cheng Feng Zhan-Yu Wang De-Shun Liu Ji-Hong Yao Xiao-Feng Tian Department of General Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116023Liaoning ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacology Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND intestinal ischemia reperfusion(I/R)occurs in various diseases,such as trauma and intestinal transplantation.Excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and subsequent apoptotic cell death in intestinal epithelia are important causes of I/R injury.PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)and phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)are critical regulators of ROS and apoptosis.However,the correlation of PINK1 and DRP1 and their function in intestinal I/R injury have not been investigated.Thus,examining the PINK1/DRP1 pathway may help to identify a protective strategy and improve the patient prognosis.AIM To clarify the mechanism of the PINK1/DRP1 pathway in intestinal I/R injury.METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used to generate an intestinal I/R model via superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.Chiu’s score was used to evaluate intestinal mucosa damage.The mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 was administered by intraperitoneal injection.Caco-2 cells were incubated in vitro in hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.Small interfering RNAs and overexpression plasmids were transfected to regulate PINK1 expression.The protein expression levels of PINK1,DRP1,p-DRP1 and cleaved caspase 3 were measured by Western blotting.Cell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining.Mitochondrial fission and ROS were tested by MitoTracker and MitoSOX respectively.RESULTS intestinal I/R and Caco-2 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation decreased the expression of PINK1 and p-DRP1 Ser637.Pretreatment with mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fission,ROS generation,and apoptosis and ameliorated cell injury in intestinal I/R.Upon PINK1 knockdown or overexpression in vitro,we found that p-DRP1 Ser637 expression and DRP1 recruitment to the mitochondria were associated with PINK1.Furthermore,we verified the physical combination of PINK1 and p-DRP1 Ser637.CONCLUSION PINK1 is correlated with mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by regulating DRP1 phosphorylat

关键词： intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury Mitochondrial fission PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 Dynamin-related protein 1 ser637 Phosphorylation Apoptosis

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Pathological Relationship between intestinal Flora and Osteoarthritis and Intervention Mechanism of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第9期25卷 716-720页

作者： WU Yong-rong KUANG Gao-yan LU Fang-guo WANG Heng-xin LU Min ZHOU Qing TAN Xin-hua Famous Medical Studio The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410007 China Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410007 China Department of Medical College Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China Hinye Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Changsha 410331 China

Chinese medicine(CM) has a good clinical effect on osteoarthritis(OA), but the mechanism is not very clear. Evidence-based medicine researches have shown that intestinal flora plays a role in the pathogenesis and succession of OA. intestinal flora affects the efficacy of CM, and CM can affect the balance of intestinal flora. This paper focuses on the relationship between intestinal flora, intestinal microenvironment, brain-gut axis, metabolic immunity and OA, and preliminarily expound the significance of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of OA and the mechanism of CM intervention. The above discussion will be of great significance in the prevention and treatment of OA by CM from the perspective of intestinal flora.

关键词： osteoarthritis intestinal flora pathogenesis treatment mechanism of Chinese medicine

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Relationship between intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis:Mechanisms and clinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第1期24卷 5-14页

作者： Zhao-hua Shen Chang-xin Zhu Yong-sheng Quan Zhen-yu Yang Shuai Wu Wei-wei Luo Bei Tan Xiao-yan Wang Department of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410013Hunan ProvinceChina Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer Changsha 410008Hunan ProvinceChina

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is an inflammatory disease that mainly affects the colon and rectum. It is believed that genetic factors, host immune system disorders, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. however, studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC have been inconclusive. Studies have shown that probiotics improve intestinal mucosa barrier function and immune system function and promote secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, thereby inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestine. Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) can reduce bowel permeability and thus the severity of disease by increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, which help maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier. FMT can also restore immune dysbiosis by inhibiting Th1 differentiation, activity of T cells, leukocyte adhesion, and production of inflammatory factors. Probiotics and FMT are being increasingly used to treat UC, but their use is controversial because of uncertain efficacy. Here, we briefly review the role of intestinal microbiota in thepathogenesis and treatment of UC.

关键词： fecal microbiota transplantation intestinal microbiota ulcerative colitis probiotics mechanism clinical application

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Duodenal mature teratoma causing partial intestinal obstruction:A first case report in an adult

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第8期8卷 1489-1494页

作者： Tharintorn Chansoon Napat Angkathunyakul Rangsima Aroonroch Jakrapan Jirasiritham Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkok 10400Thailand

BACKGROUND A teratoma is a germ cell tumor that is composed of tissue derived from two or three germ layers.Duodenal teratomas are extremely rare and have been exclusively reported in neonates and children.This is the third case of a teratoma primarily arising in the duodenum and the first case that occurred in an adult.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old male presented with clinical partial gut obstruction(epigastric pain,nausea,and vomiting).The physical examination showed a palpable illdefined mass on the left side of the abdomen.The computed tomography scan revealed a multiseptated cystic tumor at the retroperitoneal area.First,he underwent gastrojejunostomy to relieve the symptoms and was referred to a tertiary-care hospital.The second operation revealed a 10-cm solid-cystic mass originating from the third part of the duodenum and adhering to the abdominal aorta and pancreas.Segmental duodenectomy was performed.The pathological diagnosis was a mature cystic teratoma.The patient was asymptomatic at 5 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION Duodenal teratomas are extremely rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with intestinal obstruction.Radiological imaging is helpful to reach the preoperative diagnosis.Multidisciplinary team planning is essential to avoid injury to the adjacent organ in duodenal operation.

关键词： Duodenal teratoma Mature cystic teratoma intestinal obstruction Germ cell tumor Retroperitoneal mass Case report

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Major cereal carbohydrates in relation to intestinal health of monogastric animals:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 331-339页

作者： Tolulope O.Adebowale Kang Yao Abimbola O.Oso University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100008China Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureChangsha410125China Department of Animal Nutrition Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPMB 2240Nigeria

Type,quality,and origin of cereals in diets of poultry and pigs could influence gut microbes and affect their diversity and function,thereby impacting the intestinal function of the monogastric animal.In this review,we focus on the major carbohydrates in cereals that interact directly with gut microbes and lead to the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and discuss how cereal fiber impact intestinal health of poultry and pigs.An overview of how the cereals and cereals-derived carbohydrates such as beta-glucans,resistant starch,cellulose,and arabinoxylans could promote intestinal health and reduce the use of in-feed antibiotics in animal production are presented.The metabolic pathway utilized by microbes and the mechanism of action underlying the produced SCFA on intestinal health of monogastric animals is also discussed.

关键词： Arabinoxylans Beta-glucans Resistant starch Cellulose SCFA intestinal health

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Effect of Danshen on apoptosis and NF-кB protein expression of the intestinal mucosa of rats with severe acute pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第5期9卷 537-546页

作者： XiPing Zhang Jun Jiang YaPing Yu QiHui Cheng Bin Chen Department of General Surgery Hangzhou First People's Hospital Hangzhou 310006 China. zxp99688@***

BACKGROUND:intestinal mucosa injury in cases of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) or obstructive jaundice(OJ) is one of the main reasons for the accelerated aggravation of these diseases.Besides being an organ to digest and absorb nutrients,the intestine is also a unique immune organ.When SAP and OJ develop,the destruction of the intestinal mucosa barrier is an important contributing factor for the development of bacterial translocation,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.It is important to protect the intestinal mucosa in the therapy for SAP and OJ.In this study,we determined the effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae(Danshen) injection on apoptosis and NF-κB P65 protein expression in the intestinal mucosa of rats with SAP or OJ,and explored the protective mechanism of Danshen in their mucosa.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the SAP and OJ experiments.These rats were randomly divided into shamoperated,model control,and treated groups.At various times after operation,the mortality rates were calculated.Subsequently,the rats were killed to assess the pathological changes,the expression levels of Bax and NF-κB proteins,and the apoptosis indices in the intestinal mucosa.RESULTS:Compared to the corresponding model control group,the number of SAP or OJ rats that died in the treated group decreased but showed no statistically significant difference.At all time points after operation,there was no significant difference between the treated and model control groups in the staining intensity as well as the product of staining intensity and positive staining rate of Bax protein in the intestinal mucosa of SAP and OJ rats.At 3 hours after operation,the apoptosis index of the intestinal mucosa of SAP rats in the treated group was lower than that in the model control group(P<0.01).At 12 hours after operation in SAP rats and 28 days after operation in OJ rats,the staining intensity as well as the product of staining intensity and positive staining rate of NF-κB protein of the i

关键词： severe acute pancreatitis obstructive jaundice Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae traditional Chinese medicine intestinal mucosa NF-κB apoptosis tissue microarray

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Putrescine mitigates intestinal atrophy through suppressing inflammatory response in weanling piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 1067-1080页

作者： Bangmin Liu Xianren Jiang Long Cai Xuemei Zhao Zhaolai Dai Guoyao Wu Xilong Li Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.12 Zhongguancun South St.Haidian districtBeijing 100081China College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Departments of Animal Science and of Medical Physiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background: Polyamines are essential for cell growth and beneficial for intestinal maturation. To evaluate the effects of putrescine on alleviating intestinal atrophy and underlying molecular mechanisms, both in vivo feeding trial and in vitro cell culture were conducted. Weanling pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 0.1%, 0.2% or0.3% putrescine dihydrochloride, whereas porcine intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the presence of 200 μmol/L putrescine.Results: Dietary supplementation with 0.2% putrescine dihydrochloride decreased the incidence of diarrhea with an improvement in intestinal integrity. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity decreased the proliferation and migration of IPEC-J2 cells, and this effect was alleviated by the supplementation with putrescine. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase was enhanced by putrescine. LPS increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6) and IL-8],and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding exogenous putrescine suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and recovered cell migration and proliferation in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Dietary putrescine supplementation also reduced the m RNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and their upstream regulator nuclear receptor kappa B p65 subunit in the jejunal mucosa of piglets.Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with putrescine mitigated mucosal atrophy in weanling piglets through improving anti-inflammatory function and suppressing inflammatory response. Our results have important implications for nutritional management of intestinal integrity and health in weanling piglets and other neonates.

关键词： Cell migration Cell proliferation intestinal atrophy Mucosal immune response Putrescine Weaning stress

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Upfront surgery of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Time to reconsider?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第29期24卷 3201-3203页

作者： Kosmas Daskalakis Apostolos V Tsolakis Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Department of Oncology and Pathology Karolinska Institute Cancer Center Karolinska Karolinska University Hospital Solna R8:04 Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors(SI-NETs) may demonstrate a widely variable clinical behavior but usually it is indolent. In cases with localized disease, locoregional resective surgery(LRS) is generally indicated with a curative intent. LRS of SI-NETs is also the recommended treatment when symptoms are present, regardless of the disease stage. Concerning asymptomatic patients with distant metastases, prophylactic LRS has been traditionally suggested to avoid possible future complications. Even the current European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society guidelines emphasize a possible effect of LRS in Stage IV SINETs with unresectable liver metastases. On the contrary, the 2017 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines on carcinoid tumors do not support the resection of a small, asymptomatic, relatively stable primary tumor in the presence of unresectable metastatic disease. Furthermore, a recent study revealed no survival advantage for asymptomatic patients with distant-stage disease who underwent upfront LRS. At the aforementioned paper, it was suggested that delayed surgery as needed was comparable with the upfront surgical approach in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality, the length of the hospital stay and the rate of incisional hernia repairs but was associated with fewer reoperations for bowel obstruction. On the other hand, it is also important to note that some patients might benefit from a prophylactic surgical approach and our attention should focus on identifying this patient population.

关键词： Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors Locoregional resective surgery

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Silymarin,boswellic acid and curcumin enriched dietetic formulation reduces the growth of inherited intestinal polyps in an animal model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第14期26卷 1601-1612页

作者： Bruna Girardi Maria Pricci Floriana Giorgio Mariano Piazzolla Andrea Iannone Giuseppe Losurdo Mariabeatrice Principi Michele Barone Enzo Ierardi Alfredo Di Leo THD SpA Correggio 42015Italy Gastroenterology Section Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy

BACKGROUND Some substances of plant origin have been reported to exert an effect in reducing intestinal neoplasm development,especially in animal models.Adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia-ApcMin/+is the most studied murine model of genetic intestinal carcinogenesis.AIM To assess whether an enriched nutritional formulation(silymarin,boswellic acid and curcumin)with proven“in vitro”and“in vivo”anti-carcinogenetic properties may prevent inherited intestinal cancer in animal model.METHODS Forty adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia-ApcMin/+mice were used for the study of cancer prevention.They were divided into two groups:20 assumed standard and 20 enriched diet.At the 110th d animals were sacrificed.In each group,four subgroups received intraperitoneal bromodeoxyuridine injection at different times(24,48,72 and 96 h before the sacrifice)in order to assess epithelial turnover.Moreover,we evaluated the following parameters:intestinal polypoid lesion number and size on autoptic tissue,dysplasia and neoplasia areas by histological examination of the whole small intestine,inflammation by histology and cytokine mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction,bromodeoxyuridine and TUNEL immunofluorescence for epithelial turnover and apoptosis,respectively.Additionally,we performed western blotting analysis for the expression of estrogen alpha and beta receptors,cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase 3 in normal and polypoid tissues.RESULTS Compared to standard,enriched diet reduced the total number(203 vs 416)and the mean±SD/animal(12.6±5.0 vs 26.0±8.8;Pintestinal carcinoma(IC;P<0.001)were significantly decreased in enriched diet group.IC was observed in 100%in standard and 85%in enriched formulation assuming animals.Enriched diet showed a faster epitheli

关键词： intestinal cancer Familial adenomatous polyposis Chemopreventive diet Apc^Min/+mice Boswellia Curcumin

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