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An inherent acceleratory effect of insulin on small intestinal transit and its pharmacological characterization in normal mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2593-2600页

作者： Murali Krishna Reddy Peddyreddy Steven Aibor Dkhar Subramanian Ramaswamy Amrithraj Theophilus Naveen Deepak Gopal Shewade Department of Pharmacology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherry-605006India Department of Pharmacology Aarupadai Veedu Medical CollegePondicherry-607 402India Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbararaUganda

AIM： To study an inherent effect of insulin on small intestinal transit and to explore involvement of various systems/mechanisms in normal mice. METHODS： Insulin at the doses of 2 μU/kg, 2 mU/kg, 2 U/kg or vehicle was subcutaneously administered to four groups of overnight fasted normal male mice. Blood glucose （BG） levels were measured 2 min before insulin administration and 2 min before sacrificing the animals for the measurement of small intestinal transit （SIT）. Charcoal meal was administered （0.3 mL） intragastrically 20 min after insulin administration and animals were sacrificed after 20 min and SIT was determined. For exploration of the various mechanisms involved in insulin-induced effect on SIT, the dose of insulin which can produce a significant acceleration of SIT without altering BG levels was determined. The following drugs, atropine （1 mg/kg）, clonidine （0.1 mg/kg）, ondansetron （1 mg/kg）, naloxone （5 mg/kg）, verapamil （8 mg/kg） and glibenclamide （10 mg/kg）, were administered intravenously 10 min prior to the administration of insulin （2 μU/kg）. RESULTS： The lower doses of insulin （2 μU/kg and 2 mU/kg） produced a significant acceleration of SIT from 52.0% to 70.7% and 73.5% without lowering blood glucose levels （P〈0.01）, while the highest dose of insulin （2 U/kg） produced a fall in blood glucose levels which was also associated with significant acceleration of SIT （P〈0.01）. After pretreatment of insulin （2 μU/kg） group with atropine, insulin could reverse 50% of the inhibition produced by atropine. In clonidine-pretreated group, insulin administration could reverse only 37% of the inhibition produced by clonidine and inhibition of SIT was significant compared with vehicle ＋ insulintreated group, i.e. from 74.7% to 27.7% （P〈0.01）. In ondansetron-pretreated group, insulin administration could produce only mild acceleration of SIT （23.5%）. In naloxone-pretreated group, insulin administration could significantly reverse the inhibition of SIT produced by nal

关键词： Adrenergic system Blood glucose levels Ca2^+ channels Cholinergic system Insulin intestinal transit Opioid system Serotonergic system

Ghrelin improves delayed gastrointestinal transit in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2572-2577页

作者： Wen-Cai Qiu Zhi-Gang Wang Ran Lv Wei-Gang Wang Xiao-Dong Han Jun Yan Yu Wang Qi Zheng Kai-Xing Ai Department of General Surgery The Aflihated Sixth Hospital of Medical School Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200233 China Department of Anesthesiology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310016 Zhejiang Province China

AIM: To investigate the effects of ghrelin on delayed gastrointestinal transit in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: A diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection with alloxan. Mice were randomized into two main groups: normal mice group and diabetic mice group treated with ghrelin at doses of 0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg ip. Gastric emptying (GE), intestinal transit (IT), and colonic transit (CT) were studied in mice after they had a phenol red meal following injection of ghrelin. Based on the most effective ghrelin dosage, atropine was given at 1 mg/kg 15 min before the ghrelin injection for each measurement. The mice in each group were sacrificed 20 min later and their stomachs, intestines, and colons were harvested immediately. The amount of phenol red was measured. Percentages of GE, IT, and CT were calculated. RESULTS: Percentages of GE, IT, and CT were significantly decreased in diabetic mice as compared to control mice (22.9 ± 1.4 vs 28.1 ± 1.3, 33.5 ± 1.2 vs 43.2 ± 1.9, 29.5 ± 1.9 vs 36.3 ± 1.6, P intestinal transit.

关键词： Ghrelin Diabetes mellitus Gastric emptying intestinal transit Colonic transit

Jianqu,a traditional Chinese medicine,alleviates functional dyspepsia in high-calorie and high-protein diet mice

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Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第6期9卷 42-54页

作者： Jing-Yan Yang Xiao-Xing Li Juan Chen Yan-Jun Liu Yue-Hong Wu Ning-Yu Luo Cai-Xia Yang Yang Li Si-Jing Liu Jin-Lin Guo College of Medical Technology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Chengdu 611137China Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China College of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China

Background:Jianqu has been used to alleviate symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia,but its specific anti-functional dyspepsia effect is still ***,our study aimed to investigate the impact of Jianqu on functional dyspepsia in ***:The phytochemical profile of Jianqu was analyzed by ***,Kunming mice were fed a high-calorie or high-protein diet(HCHP)for 7 days,and then orally treated with vehicle or Jianqu(1.62 g/kg body weight(b.w.)and 3.25 g/kg b.w.)for 10 days.A carbon powder solution was used to detect the gastric emptying and intestinal transit *** pathological changes in stomach and duodenum were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin *** occludin,claudin-1,ZO-1 and CD45 expression was measured by immunocytochemical ***,the serum gastrointestinal hormones were detected by *** addition,the gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene *** cecal short chain fatty acids were assessed by gas ***:In general,17 phytochemical compounds were identified from Jianqu,which significantly improved the gastric emptying rate and intestinal transit rate(pintestinal tract,increased the expression of CD45 in the duodenum(pintestinal hormones were significantly normalized by Jianqu intervention(pintestinal *** effects may be partly related to the increasing cecal short ch

关键词： herbal formula dyspepsia gastrointestinal hormones gastric emptying intestinal transit

Prokinetic effects of a ghrelin receptor agonist GHRP-6 in diabetic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第30期14卷 4795-4799页

作者： Qi Zheng Wen-Cai Qiu Jun Yan Wei-Gang Wang Song Yu Zhi-Gang Wang Kai-Xing Ai Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Sixth Hospital of Medical School Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200233 China

AIM： To investigate the effects of a ghrelin receptor agonist GHRP-6 on delayed gastrointestinal transit in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS： A diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection with alloxan. Mice were randomized into two main groups： normal mice and diabetic mice treated with GHRP-6 at doses of 0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg ip. Gastric emptying （GE）, intestinal transit （IT）, and colonic transit （CT） were studied in mice after they had a phenol red meal following injection of GHRP-6. Based on the most effective GHRP-6 dosage, atropine was given at 1 mg/kg for 15 rain before the GHRP-6 injection for each measurement. The mice in each group were sacrificed 20 min later and the percentages of GE, IT, and CT were calculated. RESULTS： Percentages of GE, IT, and CT were significantly decreased in diabetic mice as compared to control mice. In the diabetic mice, GHRP-6 improved both GE and IT, but not CT. The most effective dose of GHRP-6 was 200 μg/kg and atropine blocked the prokinetic effects of GHRP-6 on GE and IT. CONCLUSION： GHRP-6 accelerates delayed GE and IT, but has no effect on CT in diabetic mice. GHRP-6 may exert its prokinetic effects via the cholinergic pathway in the enteric nervous system, and therefore, has therapeutic potential for diabetic patients with delayed upper gastrointestinal transit.

关键词： GHRP-6 Diabetes mellitus Gastric emptying intestinal transit Colonic transit

Extended Fasting Durations Delayed Gastric Emptying and Colonic Motility in Normal Male Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 146-154页

作者： Olugbenga Adeola Odukanmi Onyekachi Emmanuel Anyagwa Omowunmi Sidikat Adewunmi Keren Ifunanya Okechukwu Samuel Babafemi Olaleye Department of Physiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Previous studies on fasting and gastrointestinal motility were reported with information lacking concerning prolonged continuous fasting and gastrointestinal motility. This study investigated the effect of prolonged fasting duration on gastrointestinal motility. Methods: Forty-five (45) male Wistar rats, with body weights between 180 - 200 g were used. They were randomly assigned into three (3) groups. Group1: control (rats fasted for 18 h—common duration of fasting for motility studies), groups 2 and 3 fasted for 48 and 72 h respectively. Five (5) rats per experiment and per group were considered. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method, gastric emptying was assessed by hydrated carbohydrate meal, intestinal motility by charcoal meal, and colonic motility was assessed using bead test. Data were reported in Mean ± SEM and analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Differences in results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant change in the blood glucose level (mmol/L) of rats in the 48 h group (2.94 ± 0.35) and 72 h group (3.20 ± 0.32) as compared with the control (3.62 ± 0.19). There was a significant decrease in the rate of gastric emptying (g) in the 72 h group (0.20 ± 0.08) compared with the control (0.64 ± 0.16). The intestinal transit (cm) in the 48 h group (67.54 ± 6.15) and 72 h group (72.10 ± 7.60) increased significantly when compared with the control (42.14 ± 3.14). There was a significant decrease in the colonic motility time (Sec.) in the 48 h group (2707 ± 864.1) and 72 h group (6363 ± 968.1) when compared with the control (263.8 ± 64.26). Conclusion: Extended fasting durations decrease the rate of gastric emptying and colonic motility. It suggests that extended fasting durations could be beneficial in intestinal spasms or where the gut is required to relax.

关键词： Fasting Gastrointestinal Motility Gastric Emptying intestinal transit Colonic Motility Rats

Effect of Cassia nomame on Small Intestine Movement, Diuresis,and Anti-inflammation in Rats

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2013年第4期5卷 260-263页

作者： WANG Dan WANG Wei-ning QI Bao-chan ZHANG Qiu-hua SUN Gui-yuan Department of Histology and Embryology College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Liaoning Institute for Food and Drug Control Department of Basic Pharmacology Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective To investigate the preliminary pharmacological screening of Cassia *** The effect of aqueous extract from *** on gastrointestinal motor function was investigated by assessing the intestinal transit rate(ITR)of charcoal modeled into gastrointestinal motility dysfunction(GMD)by the administration of dopamine,atropine,or noradrenaline to the rats,*** was studied in vivo by estimating the urine *** anti-inflammatory activity was expressed as the percentage of swelling reduction by comparison on the mean thickness of ear swelling in *** The ITR in these GMD animals was significantly retarded compared to that in normal *** retardation,however,was significantly inhibited by the ig administration of ***(2 g/kg)for all GMD *** results suggested that *** had the potential for development into a prokinetic agent that could prevent or alleviate GMD in *** increased urine output and suppressed significantly ear swelling induced by dirnethyl benzene in *** *** could increase the gastrointestinal contractile activity of rats and has the effects of diuresis and anti-inflammation.

关键词： Cassia nomame diuresis ear swelling gastrointestinal motility dysfunctions intestinal transit