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An intracellular study on low-frequency acoustic signal processing in locust——Structure and function of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第10期38卷 1210-1221页

作者：沈钧贤徐智敏 Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The structure and function of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system,relevant to the receptionof low-frequency sound,within the terminal abdominal ganglion of the locust Locusta migratoria were revealedby using intracellular electrophysiological recording and dye labeling technique.This system consists of 4 bilater-al pairs of the giant interneurons(GIs 1—4).Each GI has distinct dendritic branching fields,position of thesoma,and location and orientation of its major axon.The characteristics of the system in responseto low-frequency sound,such as discharge patterns,the relationships between response threshold-frequency,in-tensity curves,and encoding of stimulus frequency,were also studied.The role of the system in low-frequencysound communication was discussed.

关键词： cercus-to-giant interneuron system responses to low-frequency sound acoustic information processing Locust Locusta migratoria

Neuronal architecture and functional mapping of the taste center of larval Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 730-748页

作者： Long-Long Sun Xiao-Lan Liu Ya-Nan Wang Bente G.Berg Gui-Ying Xie Wen-Bo Chen Yang Liu Gui-Rong Wang Xin-Cheng Zhao Qing-Bo Tang Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China Chemosensory laboratory Department of PsychologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7489Norway State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds.The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species,but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described.In the present study,we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique.We identified different types of neurons,including sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons.The morphologies of these neurons were largely diverse and their arborizations seemingly covered the whole gnathal ganglion.The representation of the single neurons responding to the relevant stimuli of sweet and bitter cues showed no distinct patterns in the gnathal ganglion.We postulate that taste signals may be processed in a manner consistent with the principle of population coding in the gnathal ganglion of H.armigera larvae.

关键词： gnathal ganglion interneuron intracellular recording and staining motor neuron sensory neuron taste coding model

A Whole-brain Map of Long-range Inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the Mouse Caudal Forelimb Area

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第5期36卷 493-505页

作者： Zhuonan Duan Anan Li Hui Gong Xiangning Li Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics School of Engineering SciencesHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics Suzhou 215125China

The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.

关键词： Forelimb area Input circuit interneuron Parvalbumin Somatostatin Vasoactive intestinal peptide

Neuroligins Differentially Mediate Subtype-Specific Synapse Formation in Pyramidal Neurons and interneurons

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第3期35卷 497-506页

作者： Qiang-Qiang Xia Jing Xu Tai-Lin Liao Jie Yu Lei Shi Jun Xia Jian-Hong Luo Junyu Xu Department of Neurobiology Institute of NeuroscienceNHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 31005& China JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research. Jinan University Guangzhou 510632China Division of Life Science Division of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience. The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Neuroligins(NLs) are postsynaptic cell-adhesion proteins that play important roles in synapse formation and the excitatory-inhibitory balance. They have been associated with autism in both human genetic and animal model studies, and affect synaptic connections and synaptic plasticity in several brain regions. Yet current research mainly focuses on pyramidal neurons, while the function of NLs in interneurons remains to be understood. To explore the functional difference among NLs in the subtypespecific synapse formation of both pyramidal neurons and interneurons, we performed viral-mediated shRNA knockdown of NLs in cultured rat cortical neurons and examined the synapses in the two major types of neurons. Our results showed that in both types of neurons, NL1 and NL3 were involved in excitatory synapse formation, and NL2 in GABAergic synapse formation. Interestingly, NL1 affectedGABAergic synapse formation more specifically than NL3,and NL2 affected excitatory synapse density preferentially in pyramidal neurons. In summary, our results demonstrated that different NLs play distinct roles in regulating the development and balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in pyramidal neurons and interneurons.

关键词： Neuroligin Synapse formation Excitatory/inhibitory balance interneuron

Comparison of numbers of interneurons in three thalamic nuclei of normal and epileptic rats

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第3期30卷 451-460页

作者： Safiye avdar Hüsniye Hacioglu Bay Sercan D.Yildiz Dilek Akakin Serap Sirvanci Filiz Onat Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Ko University Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Marmara University Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine Marmara University Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology School of Medicine Marmara University

The inhibitory sources in the thalamic nuclei are local interneurons and neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Studies of models of absence epilepsy have shown that the seizures are associated with an excess of inhibitory neurotransmission in the thalamus. In the present study, we used light- microscopic gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） immunocytochemistry to quantify the interneurons in the lateral geniculate （LGN）, ventral posteromedial （VPM）, and ventral posterolateral （VPL） thalamic nuclei, and compared the values from normal Wistar rats and genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg （GAERS）. We found that in both Wistar rats and GAERS, the proportion of interneurons was significantly higher in the LGN than in the VPM and VPL. In the LGN of Wistar rats, 16.4% of the neurons were interneurons and in the GAERS, the value was 15.1%. In the VPM, the proportion of interneurons was 4.2% in Wistar and 14.9% in GAERS; in the VPL the values were 3.7% for Wistar and 11.1% for the GAERS. There was no significant difference between Wistar rats and the GAERS regarding the counts of interneurons in the LGN, whereas the VPM and VPL showed significantly higher counts in GAERS. Comparison of the mean areas of both relay cells and interneuronal profiles showed no significant differences between Wistar rats and GAERS. These findings show that in the VPL and the VPM there are relatively more GABAergic interneurons in GAERS than in Wistar rats. This may represent a compensatory response of the thalamocortical circuitry to the absence seizures or may be related to the production of absence seizures.

关键词： immunohistochemistry interneuron relay neuron thalamus GABA

Hippocampal interneurons are Required for Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第8期37卷 1147-1159页

作者： Wei-Wei Zhang Rong-Rong Li Jie Zhang Jie Yan Qian-Hui Zhang Zhi-An Hu Bo Hu Zhong-Xiang Yao Hao Chen Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical SciencesArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China Department of Foreign Language College of Basic Medical SciencesArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission Army Medical UniversityChongqing400038China Experimental Center of Basic Medicine College of Basic Medical SciencesArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China

While the hippocampus has been implicated in supporting the association among time-separated events,the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully clarified.Here,we combined in vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics to investigate the activity of hippocampal interneurons in freely-moving mice performing a trace eyeblink conditioning(tEBC)task.We found that the hippocampal interneurons exhibited conditioned stimulus(CS)-evoked sustained activity,which predicted the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses(CRs)in the early acquisition of the tEBC.Consistent with this,greater proportions of hippocampal pyramidal cells showed CS-evoked decreased activity in the early acquisition of the tEBC.Moreover,optogenetic suppression of the sustained activity in hippocampal interneurons severely impaired acquisition of the tEBC.In contrast,suppression of the sustained activity of hippocampal interneurons had no effect on the performance of well-learned CRs.Our findings highlight the role of hippocampal interneurons in the tEBC,and point to a potential cellular mechanism subserving associative learning.

关键词： Hippocampus interneuron Trace eyeblink conditioning Sustained activity Associative learning

Laminar Distribution of Neurochemically-Identified interneurons and Cellular Co-expression of Molecular Markers in Epileptic Human Cortex

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第6期34卷 992-1006页

作者： Qiyu Zhu Wei Ke Quansheng He Xiongfei Wang Rui Zheng Tianfu Li Guoming Luan Yue-Sheng Long Wei-Ping Lia Yousheng Shu State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Brain InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy CenterSanbo Brain Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Labo-ratory of EpilepsyEpilepsy InstitutionBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing 100093China Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Chan-nelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhou 501260China

Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are fundamental elements of cortical circuits and play critical roles in shaping network activity. Dysfunction of interneurons can lead to various brain disorders, including epilepsy,schizophrenia, and anxiety. Based on the electrophysiological properties, cell morphology, and molecular identity,interneurons could be classified into various subgroups. In this study, we investigated the density and laminar distribution of different interneuron types and the coexpression of molecular markers in epileptic human cortex.We found that parvalbumin(PV) and somatostatin(SST)neurons were distributed in all cortical layers except layer I, while tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) were abundant in the deep layers and white matter.Cholecystokinin(CCK) neurons showed a high density in layers IV and VI. Neurons with these markers constituted*7.2%(PV), 2.6%(SST), 0.5%(TH), 0.5%(NPY), and4.4%(CCK) of the gray-matter neuron population. Doubleand triple-labeling revealed that NPY neurons were also SST-immunoreactive(97.7%), and TH neurons were more likely to express SST(34.2%) than PV(14.6%). A subpopulation of CCK neurons(28.0%) also expressed PV, but none contained SST. Together, these results revealed the density and distribution patterns of different interneuron populations and the overlap between molecular markers in epileptic human cortex.

关键词： interneuron Epilepsy Human cortex Cell type Immunostaining Parvalbumin Somatostatin Tyrosine hydroxylase Neuropeptide Y Cholecystokinin

Dopamine as a growth differentiation factor in the mammalian brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 390-393页

作者： Koji Ohira Laboratory of Nutritional Brain Science Department of Food Science and Nutrition Mukogawa Women’s University

The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system lead to diseases of the brains,such as Parkinson’s disease,Tourette’s syndrome,and schizophrenia.In addition to its fundamental role as a neurotransmitter,there is evidence for a role as a growth differentiation factor during development.Recent studies suggest that dopamine regulates the development ofγ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex.Moreover,in adult brains,dopamine increases the production of new neurons in the hippocampus,suggesting the promoting effect of dopamine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the adult brains.In this mini-review,I center my attention on dopaminergic functions in the cortical interneurons during development and further discuss cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： γ-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron adult neurogenesis cerebral cortex dopamine GABA medial ganglionic eminence migration striatum

Subjective tinnitus: lesion-induced pathological central homeostasis remodeling

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Journal of Otology 2021年第4期16卷 266-272页

作者： Qi Zhang Lidong Zhao Weidong Shen Shiming Yang Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryInstitute of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalFuxing Street NO.28Haidian DistrictBeijing100039China

Subjective tinnitus is the most common type of tinnitus, which is the manifestation of pathologicalactivities in the brain. It happens in a substantial portion of the general population and brings significantburden to the society. Severe subjective tinnitus can lead to depression and insomnia and severely affectspatients’ quality of life. However, due to poor understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis, treatmentof subjective tinnitus remains challenging. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shownthat subjective tinnitus is related to lesion-induced neural plasticity of auditory and non-auditory centralsystems. This article reviews cellular mechanisms of neural plasticity in subjective tinnitus to providefurther understanding of its pathogenesis.

关键词： Tinnitus Neural plasticity Homeostasis interneuron GABA Pyramidal neuron