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Ballistic tests on hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V plates:Experiments and numerical approaches

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 39-53页

作者： Alexander Janda Benjamin James Ralph Yael Demarty Marcel Sorger Stefan Ebenbauer Aude Prestl Ingo Siller Martin Stockinger Helmut Clemens Department of Materials Science Montanuniversitat LeobenFranz Josef-Straße 188700 LeobenAustria Department Product Engineering Montanuniversitat LeobenFranz Josef-Straße 188700 LeobenAustria French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis 5 Rue du General Cassagnou68300 Saint-LouisFrance voestalpine BOEHLER Bleche GmbH&Co KG Boehler-Gasse 18680MürzzuschlagAustria

Superior ballistic performance and the lightweight character of Ti alloys are considered as main reasons for their use in armour applications against a broad spectrum of ballistic threats,e.***.bullet,fragment or blast impact.Because dynamic loading caused by typical penetrators is characterized by high strain rates,only specific test methods allow a closer investigation of the respective material behaviour.In the present study,quasi-static and dynamic compression tests as well as ballistic tests were conducted on a twophase a+βalloy Ti-6Al-4V(in m%)manufactured by hot-rolling.Post-deformation heat treatments,influencing microstructure and mechanical properties were applied in order to compare three different microstructural configurations:as-rolled,mill-annealed and bimodal.While,on the one hand,ballistic tests were employed for the determination of the ballistic limit velocity v_(50),compression tests,on the other hand,delivered essential input parameters for the application of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model in a finite element simulation of the impact event.The comparison of experimental results to simulation results was supplemented by means of microstructural characterization of tested samples with the focus set on the prevalently observed deformation and damage mechanisms,as for example adiabatic shearing.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V Ballistic performance Split Hopkinson pressure bar FE simulation Adiabatic shear bands intermetallic phase

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Remarkably slow corrosion rate of high-purity Mg microalloyed with 0.05wt% Sc

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 991-997页

作者： Soo-Min Baek Jeong-Ki Kim Du-Won Min Sung Soo Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan 44919Republic of Korea

We report that the corrosion resistance of Mg is significantly improved by adding 0.05wt%Sc.Corrosion rates evaluated from weight loss values after room-temperature immersion in 0.6 M NaCl solution for two weeks were 0.27 and 4.0 mm y^(-1)for the high-purity Mg samples with and without microalloyed 0.05wt%Sc,respectively.The beneficial effect of Sc microalloying on the corrosion resistance of Mg is discussed in connection with Sc-induced microstructural modifications.

关键词： Magnesium Microalloying intermetallic phase Microgalvanic corrosion

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Interfacial Features of Stainless Steel/Titanium Alloy Multi-metal Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第8期35卷 1357-1364页

作者： Jialin Yang Xing Li Hanbo Yao Yingchun Guan Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 62i900China Hefei Inovation Research Institute of Beihang University Anhui 230012China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBejing 100083China National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic.Components Beihang UniversityBejing 100083China

Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)is promising for fabricating multi-metallic component,but the mechanism of microstructural evolution at the interface of two metals is still needed to research further.In this study,a 316L stainless steel/Ti6Al4V alloy multi-metal was fabricated by LAM,and the mechanism of intermetallic phase transformation was deeply investigated.Results show that a strong reaction zone(SRZ)can be induced at the interface of the multi-metal.The phase constituents at the SRZ vary fromχ(Ti_(5)Fe_(17)Cr_(5))+Fe_(2)Ti+α′-Ti+β-Ti or FeTi to Fe_(2)Ti+χwhen the laser power is increased.When the scanning speed is further decreased,the thickness of the SRZ is significantly increased,andα′-Ti phase is also formed at this region besides Fe_(2)Ti andχphases.Moreover,the micro-hardness at the SRZ is increased,caused by the intermetallic phase transformation and elemental interdiffusion at the interface.

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing Stainless steel/titanium alloy Multi-metal intermetallic phase Microstructural evolution

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Multiplex intermetallic phases in a gravity die-cast Mg-6.0Zn-1.5Nd-0.5Zr(wt%) alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 225-240页

作者： Fanzhi Meng Shuhui Lv Qiang Yang Xin Qiu Zixiang Yan Qian Duan Jian Meng State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and Technology130022China

Components and crystal structures of the intermetallic phases in a gravity die-cast Mg-6.0Zn-1.5Nd-0.5Zr(wt%)alloy were investigated using transmission electron microscopy.The results indicate that this alloy has multiple intermetallic phases and various inner faults.Totally,six eutectoid intermetallic phases,namely W(Mg Nd Zn_(3)),T(Mg_(39)Zn_(55)Nd_(6)),(Mg,Zr)Zn_(2),Z(Mg_(28)Zn_(65)Nd_(7)),H_(2)(Mg_(15)Zn_(70)Nd_(15)),and H1(Mg_(24)Zn_(64)Nd_(11)),were simultaneously observed at grain boundaries,and six precipitates(Z,Mg_(7)Zn_(3),T,Mg_(4)Zn_(7),β_(1)-Mg Zn_(2) and β_(2)-Mg Zn_(2))were found inα-Mg grains.Furthermore,faults like sub-grain boundaries,orientation domains(coherent with the same matching plane but with different orientations),stacking faults and twins were observed in the eutectoid intermetallic phases.Finally,some new orientation relationships between the known intermetallic phases were revealed.This paper can provide new insight into alloy design for Mg-Zn-RE(RE:rare earth)based alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys intermetallic phase Structure Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) Orientation relationship

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Effect of intermetallic phases on Corrosion Initiation of AZ91 Alloy With Rare Earth Y Addition

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第5期31卷 504-511页

作者： Li-na Zhang Ruiling Jia Dan Li Wei Zhang Feng Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The effect of the rare earth（RE） element Y on the microstructure of AZ91 Mg alloy is investigated.A detailed description of the procedure of identifying the intermetallic phases containing Y in the AZ91 Mg alloy with 0.9 wt%Y addition is presented.The results shows that there are two different kinds of RE phases in scanning electron microscopy（SEM） images.Energy dispersive spectrum（EDS） analysis shows that one is rich in Y element and the other is rich in Mn element.According to the element mapping of electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）.the element Al can be found not only in the β-Mg17Al12phase but also in these two RE phases.X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） results further confirm one of the two RE phases is AI2Y;the phase of Al10Mn2Y has just been determined by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） instead of XRD probably because it is scarce.The shapes of these two RE intermetallic phases are pretty similar.The 3D digital microscopy is employed to observe in-situ the effect of the(5 phase and the above two RE intermetallic phases on the corrosion initiation of the alloys.The results show that the corrosion attack of AZ91 Mg alloy without Y addition starts around the eutectic phase β-Mg17Al12.With the addition of 0.9 wt%Y,the two kinds of Y-rich intermetallic phases act as cathodic effect and a phase in the adjacent of them was activated and cathodic effect of the β-Mg17Al12phase was inhibited.

关键词： Mg alloy Yttrium intermetallic phase Corrosion ini

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Effect of yttrium modification on the corrosion behavior of AZ63 magnesium alloy in sodium chloride solution

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 613-626页

作者： Jiarun Li Zhuoyuan Chen Jiangping Jing Jian Hou Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection Luoyang Ship Material Research InstituteWenhai RoadQingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences7 Nanhai RoadQingdao 266071China Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)No.1 Wenhai RoadQingdao 266237China

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn and Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-(0.251.0)%Y in 3.5 wt.%Na Cl solution are investigated via morphology observation,phase characterization,immersion and electrochemical methods.The experimental results suggest that yttrium alloying can improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn throughout the immersion.The initial enhanced corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy is attributed to the Y alloying,which gives rise to the increasing content of Al_(2)O_(3)in oxide layer.The promoted protectiveness of oxide layer on Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.0%Y alloy arouse a filiform corrosion as revealed by in-situ metallographic observation.Furthermore,the Y-containing magnesium alloys still perform higher corrosion resistance compared with that of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn alloy even if the oxide layer is exhausted.This phenomenon is owing to two factors,one is the gradual transformation of intermetallic phases from continuous Mg_(17)Al_(12)to discrete Al_(2)Y in matrix,by which the micro-galvanic corrosion betweenα-Mg grains and intermetallic phases is alleviated;the other is the morphology variation of corrosion products,the uniform and compact products layer on Y-containing alloys provide a barrier that effectively prevent the corrosive ions from penetrating into and reacting with Mg matrix.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium alloying Corrosion intermetallic phase Oxide layer

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength high-pressure die-cast Mg–4Al–3La–1Ca–0.3Mn alloy

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Rare Metals 2021年第10期40卷 2956-2963页

作者： Peng-Fei Qin Qiang Yang Yu-Ying He Jing-Huai Zhang Jin-Shu Xie Xi-Ru Hua Kai Guan Jian Meng Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology Ministry of EducationHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TokyoTokyo 113-8654Japan

A new high-pressure die-cast(HPDC) Mg–4 Al–3 La–1 Ca–0.3 Mn(ALaX431) alloy with high strength has successfully been fabricated. This HPDC alloy in peakaged state exhibits tensile yield strength(TYS) of 220 MPa at room temperature and TYS of 145 MPa at 250 ℃,higher than the corresponding strength of HPDC Mg alloys reported so far. These high strengths are mainly due to the formation of fine grained structure, semi-continuous reticular structure consisting of stable Al_(3)La and(Mg,Al)2 Ca particles along grain boundaries and numerous nanoscale Al_(2)Ca precipitates within grains. Due to its higher strength than existing HPDC Mg alloys, the new developed alloy has great application potential.

关键词： Magnesium alloys High-pressure die-cast Mechanical property intermetallic phase

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Microstructural evolution and aging behavior of Mg-4.5Y-2.5Nd-1.0Gd-0.5Zr alloys with different Zn additions

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Rare Metals 2021年第8期40卷 2188-2196页

作者： Zheng Tian Qiang Yang Kai Guan Zhan-Yi Cao Jian Meng Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130025China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-4.5 Y-2.5 Nd-1.0 Gd-0.5 Zr-xZn(x=0,0.5,1.0,and 1.5;wt%)alloys under as-cast and peak-aged states were investigated in this work.The results indicate that the intermetallic phase components are closely dependent on Zn content.Under as-cast state,the dominant eutectic phase is Mg5 RE in the alloys with 0 wt%and 0.5 wt%Zn additions while Mg5 RE,18 R-and 14 H-LPSO(long period stacking ordered)phases in the alloys with 1.0 wt%and1.5 wt%Zn additions.After solution and peak-aging,the highest strength and hardness were obtained on the alloy with 0.5 wt%Zn addition.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterizations revealed that there are denser and finer precipitates on basal(β’)and prismatic(γ’)planes,respectively.Therefore,the excellent mechanical performance of the alloy with 0.5 wt%Zn addition is mainly due to precipitation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

关键词： Magnesium alloy intermetallic phase Precipitates Mechanical property

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Effect of sintering temperature on phase evolution of Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 bulk amorphous composites synthesized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第1期29卷 32-40页

作者： Ashutosh Sahu Ram Sajeevan Maurya Tapas Laha Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology

Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5amorphous powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 200 h. Subsequent consolidation was performed via spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 250 ℃ to 500 ℃ at the pressure of 500 MPa. The role of viscous flow on densification was investigated by studying the viscosity change of the amorphous phase at different consolidation temperatures. The decrease in viscosity at higher sintering temperatures resulted in better particle bonding and densification of consolidated samples. The formation of only FCC Al was observed in the consolidated samples at sintering temperatures ≤ 300 ℃ and the intermetallic phases formed at temperatures ≥ 400 ℃. The mechanical properties of the bulk samples were measured by Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation tests. The testing results showed that the average values of microhardness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the sample consolidated at 500 ℃ were 3.06 ± 0.14 GPa,4.85 ± 1.14 GPa and 89.53 ± 9.25 GPa, respectively. The increase in hardness and elastic modulus of the higher temperature consolidated samples is attributed to the improvement in particle bonding, densification and distribution of various hard intermetallic phases in the amorphous matrix.

关键词： Al based glassy alloy Mechanical alloying Spark plasma sintering intermetallic phase Viscosity

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Microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed high-pressure die casting Mg-Zn-RE alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第18期52卷 174-184页

作者： Xiru Hua Qiang Yang Dongdong Zhang Fanzhi Meng Chong Chen Zihao You Jinghuai Zhang Shuhui Lv Jian Meng Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials&Surface Technology Ministry of EducationHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization.Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022China

A newly developed Mg-4Zn-2La-3Y alloy with high strength was fabricated by high-pressure die casting method,and its microstructures were thoroughly studied using transmission electron microscopy.The results demonstrate that it owns fine grains and approximately highly interconnected intermetallic phase skeletons,and exhibits ultra-high strength at both room and high temperatures.Interestingly,the eutectic intermetallic skeleton of this alloys is consisted of numerous fine particles,which are mainly consisted of two intermetallic phases,namely W and Mg12RE.Multiple{101}twins and SFs were found in the Mg12RE phase while a few of SFs in the W phase.Additionally,minor long-period stacking ordered phase was observed in the eutectoid phase,and it probably nucleated on the Mg12RE phase following a certain OR as(0002)14H//(110)Mg12REand[1120]14H//[111]Mg12RE,or(0002)14H//(211)Mg12REand[1120]14H//[111]Mg12RE.This special intermetallic skeleton with many interfaces and planar faults can efficiently transfer dislocations across grain boundaries,and this is the key factor for the outstanding mechanical properties of the studied alloy.

关键词： Magnesium alloys High-pressure die casting(HPDC) Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) intermetallic phase Mechanical properties

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