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Comparison and interchangeability of macular thickness measured with Cirrus OCT and Stratus OCT in myopic eyes

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第6期8卷 1196-1201页

作者： Geng Wang Kun-Liang Qiu Xue-Hui Lu Ming-Zhi Zhang Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong

AIMTo investigate the difference of macular thickness measurements between stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Cirrus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) in the same myopic patient and to develop a conversion equation to interchange macular thickness obtained with these two OCT ***-nine healthy Chinese adults with spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from -1.13 D to -9.63 D were recruited. The macular thickness was measured by Cirrus OCT and Stratus OCT. The correlation between macular thickness and axial length and the agreement between two OCT measurements were evaluated. A formula was generated to interchange macular thickness obtained with two OCT *** macular thickness measured with Stratus OCT (r=-0.280, P=0.008) and Cirrus OCT (r=-0.224, P=0.034) were found to be negatively correlated with axial length. No statistically significant correlation was found between axial length and central subfield macular thickness (CMT) measured with Stratus OCT (r=0.191, P=0.073) and Cirrus OCT (r=0.169, P=0.113). The mean CMT measured with Cirrus OCT was 53.63±7.94 µm thicker than with Stratus OCT. The formula CMTCirrus OCT=78.328+0.874×CMTStratus OCT was generated to interchange macular thickness obtained with two OCT *** thickness measured with Cirrus OCT were thicker than with Stratus OCT in myopic eyes. A formula can be used to interchange macular thickness measured with two OCT devices in myopic eyes. Studies with different OCT devices and larger samples are warranted to enable the comparison of macular values measured with different OCT devices.

关键词： myopia macular thickness spectral domain Cirrus OCT time domain Stratus OCT interchangeability

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The Relationship between interchangeability Standards and Precision Design in Teaching a Course on interchangeability and Measurement Techniques

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China Standardization 2007年第4期52卷 19-24页

作者： Ren Xiu Department of Information and Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Zhongnan Branch

This article discusses some views on the relationship between carrying out and applying standards and precision design and the teaching of a course on interchangeability and measurement techniques. It points out that while emphasizing precision design, we should not underrate the significance of interchangeability and standardization. Although there are presently many teaching models available for such courses, each course should be designed separately to preserve its systematic character and integrality. As well, the development of students' abilities in precision design and the application of standards should be strengthened in experimental lessons within each course.

关键词： interchangeability standardization precision design teaching mode

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The Golden Ratio Theorem: A Framework for interchangeability and Self-Similarity in Complex Systems

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2023年第9期13卷 559-596页

作者： Alessandro Rizzo Brescia Italy

The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.

关键词： Conservation Law Self-Similarity interchangeability Golden Ratio Complex Systems Dynamic Exchange Structural Stability Mathematical Modeling Theoretical Framework P vs NP Millennium Problem

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Insights on the use of biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1932-1943页

作者： Michael K Zheng David Q Shih Gary C Chen F.Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical Center Comprehensive Digestive Institute of Nevada

Biologic therapy, such as those that target tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling, has proven to be an efficacious method of treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with regards to symptom management and mucosal healing. However, the rising prevalence of IBD worldwide and the everincreasing burden of biologic pharmaceuticals in the health care industry is alarming for insurance companies, clinicians, and patients. The impending patent expiry and the relatively high costs of biologics, particularly anti-TNF agents, have paved the way for biosimilar development for IBD. The United States Food and Drug Administration defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to its reference medicinal product, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. The hope with biosimilars is that their entry into the market will be able to drive competition between pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices like that of the generic market, and that access to appropriate biologic treatments for IBD patients is increased in the long-term. Yet, there are challenging issues such as indication extrapolation and interchangeability that are still being debated in the field of IBD and must be addressed in future issued guidance. This review will discuss the issues and implications concerning the use of biosimilar therapy for IBD.

关键词： Biosimilar Biologic Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Indication extrapolation interchangeability

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Experimental determination and research on combustion characteristics domain of gas appliance

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2011年第1期18卷 77-80页

作者：高文学王启陈冠益赵自军 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute

This manuscript developed an adjustability test system of gas appliances,and proposed determination methods of adjustability domain and technical approach of performance testing of gas appliance,in order to develop experimental determination,quantify the product performance,design quality and combustion characteristics of gas appliances,and provide test foundation and platform for product design,performance test,quality assessment and technology upgrading for gas appliance industry aiming to multi-gas resources in *** flexible range of gas appliances to different gases and the interchangeability domain of city gases were determined experimentally,together with the equation of combustion characteristics limit curves of gas *** results showed that the second gas appliance has the biggest capability for the change of gas quality,which permits an 11.2% fluctuation in the Wobbe Index of gas;while the third gas appliance has the least capability for the change of gas quality,which only permits a 1.9% fluctuation in the Wobbe Index of *** paper also provides the common adjustability domain of the three gas appliances.

关键词： city gas interchangeability gas appliance combustion characteristics adjustability domain

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Interrogating the effect of decentralized biogas injection on a natural gas network

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Journal of Chongqing University 2018年第3期17卷 87-100页

作者：周阳黄小美 PENG Shi-ni School of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of Education Joint International Laboratory of Green Building and Built Environments Ministry of Education

Biogas from renewable sources and natural gas(NG) are both high-efficient and good-quality gaseous fuels on account of their enrichment in methane. Due to the dissimilar physical properties of biogas and NG, biogas cannot substitute NG directly without treatment and is usually used on site due to the high cost of the transportation and distribution via exclusive pipeline system. Consequently, the injection of biogas into existing NG infrastructure was proposed to address the deficiency. In this paper, the Wobbe index (WI) as well as the combustion potential (CP) were introduced for analyzing the interchangeability of an NGbiogas mixture, and a mathematical framework was put forward for modeling and simulating NG grid with a decentralized biogas injection. Results show that the maximum admissible amount of biogas in mixture was 10.5% by volume. A medium pressure network was used to interrogate the comprehensive effect of distributed biogas injection, which showed an impact on both gas quality and hydraulic regime across the grid.

关键词： biogas interchangeability injection gas quality hydraulic regime

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Analysis on Stability of Centre Axle Trailer Train

Analysis on Stability of Centre Axle Trailer Train

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2020中国汽车工程学会年会暨展览会

作者： Li Sheng Xiang Jiandong Chen Xiaokai Zheng Cheng FAWJiefang Automotive Co Ltd School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Considering the system to be 3 degrees of freedom,a simplified mathematical model of centre axle trailer train was presented to analyse the handling *** factors affecting the stability and steering characteristics of centre axle trailer train were obtained according to the stable response under step *** stability and instability interval of the tractor-trailer system were obtained *** usefulness of the model is validated by multibody dynamics *** on the abovementioned model,the influence of the interchangeability of mechanical connection device between the tractor and the trailer on the vehicle stability and the changing trend of the vehicle steering characteristics in the stability interval are *** sensitivity of stability to variations in steering characteristics of tractor,velocity and the distance from trailer’s mass centre to axle is illustrated according to the results.

关键词： centre axle trailer train stability stable response interchangeability

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