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A comparison of two wave energy converters’power performance and mooring fatigue characteristics-One WEC vs many WECs in a wave park with interaction effects

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第4期8卷 446-460页

作者： Xinyuan Shao Jonas W.Ringsberg Hua-Dong Yao Zhiyuan Li Erland Johnson Göran Fredriksson Division of Marine Technology Department of Mechanics and Maritime SciencesChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden Department of Applied Mechanics RISE Research Institutes of SwedenBoråsSweden W4P Waves4Power AB PartilleSweden

The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing *** ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy *** study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE *** main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their *** DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power *** first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale *** the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave *** wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time *** amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting *** factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and *** study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and

关键词： Heaving point absorber interaction effects Mooring fatigue Power performance analysis Wave energy

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effects of the interaction between Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Hepatoma Cells

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2014年第3期29卷 635-642页

作者：尹美珍 XU Weiguo CUI Bingcun 戴红莲 HAN Yingchao YIN Yixia LI Shipu School of Medicine Hubei Polytechnic University Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Biomedical Materials and Engineering Center Wuhan University of Technology

To gain a better understanding of the anticancer effects of hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro, the effects of the interaction of HAP nanoparticles with hepatoma cells were explored. HAP nanoparticles were prepared by homogeneous precipitation and characterized by laser particle analysis and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. HAP nanoparticles were observed to be uniformly distributed, with rod-like shapes and diameters in the range of 42.1-87.1 nm. Overnight attached, suspended, and proliferating Bel-7402 cells were incubated with HAP nanoparticles. Inverted microscopy observation revealed that HAP nanoparticles with a cell membrane showed good adsorption. TEM demonstrated that HAP nanoparticles were present on the surface of cells, continuously taken up by cells through endocytosis, and transported in vesicles close to the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the concentrations of intracellular Ca2＋ labeled with Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent probe were significantly enhanced. In addition, inverted microscopy observation revealed that suspended cells treated with HAP nanoparticles did not adhere to the culture bottle, resulting in cell death. After the overnight attached cells were treated with HAP nanoparticles for 96 h with increasing doses of HAP nanoparticles, inverted microscopy observation revealed that cell proliferation was slowed and ceU-ceU adhesion was weakened. Feulgen staining and image analysis indicated that the nuclear DNA content of the cells was markedly reduced, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR） staining and image analysis indicated that the number of AgNORs was significantly decreased. Therefore, hepatoma cells brought about the adsorption, uptake, transport and degradation of HAP nanoparticles. In addition, HAP nanoparticles affected hepatoma cells with regard to cell-cell adhesion, cell and extracellular matrix adhesion, and DNA and protein synthesis; thus inhibiting cell proliferation. This und

关键词： hydroxyapatite nanoparticles hepatoma cells interaction effects cell adhesion

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Numerical Investigation on the effects of Re-Organized Shock Waves on the Flow Separation for a Highly-Loaded Transonic Compressor Cascade

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第1期21卷 13-20页

作者： Wang Yan gang Guo Rui Zhao Longbo Ren Siyuan School of Power ＆ Energy Northwestern Polytechincal University

This paper presents a detailed numerical investigation of the influence of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade. The boundary layer suction (BLS) was used to control the location and strength of shock waves, with the aspirated slot locating at 49% chord, where is just downstream of the impingement point of shock wave at the leading edge. The numerical simulation is based on NUMECA, a commercial software, where the cell-centered control volume approach with third-order spatial accuracy is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations under the Cartesian coordinate system. Several conclusions can be made through the observation of the numerical results. (1) Multiple shock waves in cascade passage leaded the velocity deficits of boundary layer on suction surface downstream of shock wave, resulting in seriously separated flow on the suction side of blade, especially when the front shock wave is much stronger than the rest of the shocks. (2) BLS with small mass flow rate can not effectively improve the boundary layer. When the impingement point of oblique shock wave coming from cascade leading edge is bled to downstream of the passage shock wave by BLS, the boundary layer flow is greatly improved. However, if the BLS mass flow rate exceeds a critical value (1.2%), the boundary layer downstream of shock wave would separate from suction surface. (3) At the blade mid-span, the aerodynamic performance of compressor blade is improved as BLS mass flow rate increases. The optimum BLS is about 1.2%. Compared with the baseline case, the BLS with flow rate of 1.2% increases the total pressure recovery coefficient by 12%, and decreases diffusion factor by 18% and deviation angle to 7 ° while keeping the pressure rise constant. (4) The three dimensional flow structure of the compressor cascade ranged from 25% span to 75% span was improved greatly with the 1.2% BLS flow rate. However it could not control th

关键词： suction flow shock wave boundary layer interaction effects

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Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第6期29卷 1618-1625页

作者： Jiang Shan Zhang Wei He Jingjing Wang Zili Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory School of Reliability and Systems Engineering Beihang University

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing(VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to validate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.

关键词： Crack closure Fatigue crack growth interaction effects Overloads Plastic zone

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Joint effects and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Driving Factors of Landslides in Earthquake Areas

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第2期34卷 330-338页

作者： Jintao Yang Chong Xu Xu Jin State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Chengdu Yuanjing Technology Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610093China

Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone *** far,little work has been done on this *** study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and *** joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were *** show that(a)between 2008 and 2014,the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass;(b)driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors;(c)the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with *** study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014,*** means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan ***,the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors,and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.

关键词： geodetector co-seismic landslide spatial pattern triggering factors interaction effects driving force engineering geology

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Soil conservation assessment via climate change and vegetation growth scenarios in the Nile River basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第4期18卷 863-877页

作者： LIU Hua LIU Yan-xu ZHAO Wen-wu PENG Da State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Space Engineering University Beijing 101416China

Soil conservation by vegetation can mitigate soil erosion hazard and prevent reductions in food ***,previous research applies little consideration to the interaction between vegetation and climate change in the estimation of future soil conservation ***,based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE),Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs,specifically RCP4.5 and RCP8.5),and the vegetation index and precipitation datasets,we built a multivariate regression equation that considers changes in vegetation growth under climate change scenarios in the context of soil *** the Nile River basin as a case study,via our established methods,we modelled and projected the impact of vegetation and climate change on future soil conservation between 2020 and 2100,where three main results were obtained:(1)under the scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 from 2020 to 2100,soil conservation in the Nile Basin will first increase and then decrease,with its highest value in the years 2060,at 117.72(t ha^(-1)y^(-1)),and 2070,at 134.39(t ha^(-1)y^(-1)).(2)Soil conservation under RCP4.5 is lower than that under the RCP8.5 scenario,with a maximum difference of 27(t ha^(-1)y^(-1))in 2040 and a minimum difference of 0.2(t ha^(-1)y^(-1))in 2100.(3)The vegetation and climate change models in 2100 had soil conservation values of 110.77(t ha^(-1)y^(-1))under RCP4.5 and 38.70(t ha^(-1)y^(-1))under *** conclusion,although vegetation growth can increase soil conservation in the Nile River basin,the change in precipitation can offset the soil conservation enhanced by vegetation growth.

关键词： Ecosystem services Land degradation RUSLE RCPs interaction effects

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Times Series Applied to Study Vitamin D Seasonality in Argentina

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第7期12卷 546-555页

作者： José Bavio Carina Fernández Patricia Fernández Beatriz Marrón Depto. de Matemática Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina IACA Laboratiorios Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires Argentina

In this study, we analyze how vitamin D (VD) serum levels flow with latitude and throughout seasons of the year within a population sample over three years, taking into account that VD is mainly photosynthesized in the skin from sun exposure. Vitamin D levels have been measured in 80,763 patients during 2013, 2014, and 2015. To accomplish the objectives, we first perform some inference tests like two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc tests. Secondly, we develop time series techniques including cross correlation calculations. Least than 10% of the sample had healthy VD levels, which should be a fact of public health major concern. The effect of the interaction between the two factors, zones and seasons, was proved by ANOVA. The mean values which are significantly different were determined by post hoc test. Furthermore, we find that mean serum VD levels, measured as 25-hydroxy-VD, follow a seasonal lag pattern of 9 weeks, a delay for minimum and maximum values after the respective equinoxes and daily sunlight duration. Reliable estimates of the population are provided in the present study, since one of the strengths is its huge sample size. We have quantitatively characterized the seasonality of serum vitamin D levels in the Argentine and the seasonal lag pattern has been determined for the study region.

关键词： Vitamin D Status Population Study Time Series Correlation interaction effects

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