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Associations between NOD2/CARD15 genotype andphenotype in Crohn’s disease-Are we there yet?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7097-7103页

作者： Graham Radford-Smith Nirmala Pandeya IBD Unit Department of Gastroenter-ology Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia Cancer and Population studies group Queensland Institute of Medical Research Brisbane Australia

There have been multiple NOD2/CARD15 genotype- phenotype analyses undertaken in patients with Crohn’s disease since the gene’s discovery in 2001. This review focuses on the major published series based upon their size and on the presence of specific clinical and genetic information provided in the published material from 2001 to 2005. Twelve studies provided raw data to carry out comparisons of disease location while ten studies included analysis of NOD2/CARD15 genotypes. NOD2/CARD15 variant frequency in ileal disease did not differ significantly among studies, whereas a comparison of disease location demonstrated highly significant differences among studies. Meta-analysis confirmed significant associations between NOD2/CARD15 variants and both ileal and ileocolonic disease locations, and with both stricturing and penetrating forms of disease behavior. This review underlines the significant phenotypic differences that exist among populations, including similar ethnic groups, and has demonstrated the need for further studies of patients with long-term “inflammatory” Crohn’s disease.

关键词： Crohn's disease Phenotypic heterogeneity Genotype inter-observer agreement Disease location Disease behavior

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Reproducibility of 3 mm-Slice-Thick Reconstruction of Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography Scans

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Open Journal of Radiology 2016年第1期6卷 39-48页

作者： Matti Karjalainen Anna Julkunen Antti Markkola Prasun Dastidar Heini Huhtala Mikko Suvinen Anna-Maija Kuukka Markus Rautiainen Jura Numminen Sanna Toppila-Salmi Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Tampere Tampere Finland Transplantation Laboratory Haartman Institute University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland University of Helsinki and HUS Imaging Helsinki Finland Medical Imaging Centre Department of Radiology Tampere University Hospital Finland School of Public Health University of Tampere Tampere Finland Department of Otorhinolaryngology Tampere City Hospital Tampere Finland Department of Ear and Oral diseases Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland Department of Allergy University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland

Background: After the failure of medical treatment, the surgery of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is planned according to endoscopic and paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) findings. Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether this study method might be eligible in studies aiming at radiation dose reduction. Sinus CT scans were chosen as a model because of the high variation of the radiological anatomy of surgically important sinonasal structures. We hypothesized that 3 mm-slice-thick reconstruction CT had poor reproducibility. Methods: 59 CRS patients underwent routine multi-detector sinus CT (CTMD). CT3mm was reconstructed from CTMD data-sets. Lund-Mackay (LM) scores and 43 other structural parameters were analyzed blinded. agreement was studied between CTMD and CT3mm (intra-observer reproducibility), and between three observers (inter-observer reproducibility) by using Cohen’s kappa. Results: The inter-observer agreement was moderate (kappa 0.4 - 0.6, p 3mm scans. The intra-observer reproducibility of CT3mm scans was very good in most structures, however, it was poor in important structures such as frontal and spheno-ethmoid recess, lamina papyracae, and location of optic nerve or anterior ethmoidal artery. The grade of surgeon’s confidence of CT3mm in comparison to CTMD was lower (kappa 0.2 - 0.4, P < 0.05). Conclusion: This methodology might have some use in studies aiming at radiation dose reduction. As was expected, 3 mm-slice-thick reconstruction CT had poor reproducibility and surgeon’s confidence. More recent methods such as cone beam computed tomography scans have nowadays more relevant dose reduction potential.

关键词： Chronic Rhinosinusitis Computed Tomography Image Reconstruction inter-observer agreement Intra-observer agreement Kappa Radiation-Dose Reduction Reproducibility Paranasal Sinus Sinus Imaging

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