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Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2004年第2期2卷 11-19页

作者： Lam K.C. Department of Geography and Resoure management The Chinese University of Hong Kong.ShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChinahe paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP) is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988 some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical chemical and biological indicators although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration since ecosystem health covers not only physical chemical and biological aspects of an ecosystem but also ecosystem-service-function aspect. It is recommended to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal instead of water quality objective management for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour catchment. Steps to further improve the marine coastal ecosystem health of Tolo harbour are discussed in the paper.

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health

关键词： Marine coastal ecosystem health integrated catchment management pollution loading indicator Tolo Harbour Action Plan.

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Mapping and understanding degradation of alpine wetlands in the northern Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2956-2966页

作者： Johan van TOL Department of Soil Crop and Climate SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

The alpine terrestrials of the Maloti-Drakensberg in southern Africa play crucial roles in ecosystem functions and livelihoods,yet they face escalating degradation from various factors including overgrazing and climate *** study employs advanced Digital Soil Mapping(DSM)techniques coupled with remote sensing to map and assess wetland coverage and degradation in the northern *** model achieved high accuracies of 96%and 92%for training and validation data,respectively,with Kappa statistics of 0.91 and 0.83,marking a pioneering automated attempt at wetland mapping in this *** attributes such as terrain wetness index(TWI)and valley depth(VD)exhibit significant positive correlations with wetland coverage and erosion gully density,Channel Network Depth and slope were negative *** density analysis revealed terrain attributes as dominant factors driving degradation,highlighting the need to consider catchment-specific susceptibility to *** challenge traditional assumptions which mainly attribute wetland degradation to external forces such as livestock overgrazing,ice rate activity and climate *** sensitivity map produced could serve as a basis for integrated catchment management(ICM)projects,facilitating tailored conservation *** research should expand on this work to include other highland areas,explore additional covariates,and categorize wetlands based on hydroperiod and sensitivity to *** comprehensive study underscores the potential of DSM and remote sensing in accurately assessing and managing wetland ecosystems,crucial for sustainable resource management in alpine regions.

关键词： Digital Soil Mapping Gully density integrated catchment management Remote sensing Wetland degradation

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