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innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第6期16卷 531-539页

作者： Luc Van Kaer Joshua L.Postoak Chuan Wang Guan Yang Lan Wu Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTN 37232USA

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system(CNS)in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons.A hallmark of MS and its animal model,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin *** studies in this field have focused on the roles of CD4^(+)T lymphocytes,which form part of the adaptive immune system as both mediators and regulators in disease ***,the treatments for MS often target the inflammatory CD4^(+)T-cell ***,many other lymphocyte subsets contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and EAE,and these subsets include CD8^(+)T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system,lymphocytes of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells,and subsets of innate-like T and B lymphocytes such asγδT cells,natural killer T cells,and mucosal-associated invariant T *** of these lymphocyte subsets can act as mediators of CNS inflammation,whereas others exhibit immunoregulatory functions in ***,the efficacy of some MS treatments might be mediated in part by effects on lymphocytes other than CD4^(+)T *** we review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of MS and EAE,with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4^(+)T cells.A better understanding of the distinct lymphocyte subsets that contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and its experimental models will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Multiple sclerosis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis innate lymphoid cells innate-like lymphocytes innate-like T and B cells Adaptive lymphocytes

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Incorporating mucosal-associated invariant T cells into the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3705-3733页

作者： Albert J Czaja Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMN 55905United States

Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells have been described in liver and nonliver diseases,and they have been ascribed antimicrobial,immune regulatory,protective,and pathogenic *** goals of this review are to describe their biological properties,indicate their involvement in chronic liver disease,and encourage investigations that clarify their actions and therapeutic *** abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms,and bibliographies were *** cells are activated by restricted non-peptides of limited diversity and by multiple inflammatory *** pro-inflammatory,anti-inflammatory,and immune regulatory cytokines are released;infected cells are eliminated;and memory cells *** MAIT cells are hyper-activated,immune exhausted,dysfunctional,and depleted in chronic liver *** phenotype lacks disease-specificity,and it does not predict the biological *** cells have presumed protective actions in chronic viral hepatitis,alcoholic hepatitis,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and decompensated *** have pathogenic and pro-fibrotic actions in autoimmune hepatitis and mixed actions in primary biliary *** factors in the hepatic microenvironment(cytokines,bile acids,gut-derived bacterial antigens,and metabolic by-products)may modulate their response in individual *** manipulations of function are warranted to establish an association with disease severity and *** conclusion,MAIT cells constitute a disease-nonspecific,immune response to chronic liver inflammation and *** pathological role has been deduced from their deficiencies during active liver disease,and future investigations must clarify this role,link it to outcome,and explore therapeutic interventions.

关键词： innate-like lymphocytes Antimicrobial Immune regulatory Pathogenic Mucosal-associated invariant T cell

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