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Respect for Human Beings and Education as a Possibility of Overcoming the Situation of injustice

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2014年第2期4卷 119-123页

作者： Ogun Urek Uludag University

Kuquradi （1994）, in a paper entitled ＂The concept of Justice,＂ makes a determination in terms of the situation of injustice by comparing individual situations. In her opinion, when we consider the injustice in individual situations, we consider two different things and compare them through a third （middle） term. In other words, we consider：（1） some things that a person possesses at a certain moment, （2） the things that another person possesses at a certain moment, and （3） we compare human beings as a species, in respect of the actualisation of the human potentialities at this historical moment. From the Ku^uradi＇s point of view, conceptualization of the idea of justice, that is, giving an answer that can be established by knowledge to the question of ＂what is justice？＂ is the inevitable condition for surpassing this situation （1994）. But, here we may claim that the situation of injustice can be surpassed by the feeling of respect for human being in the Kantian sense without the conceptualizing the idea of justice as a precondition. If certain persons who actualize the human potentialities in a higher degree than others at the same historical moment and act with a will determined by the law of moral, shall inevitably be respected by other persons who have not yet actualized such potentialities in themselves. It seems that the appearance of this feeling is possible only through a moral education in the Kantian sense, through which persons who have actualized human potentialities in a higher degree will possess a will determined by the moral law.

关键词： respect sense justice injustice freedom

“Oil injustice” in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region: A Call for Responsive Governance

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第1期8卷 42-60页

作者： Theodore Okonkwo Uzuazo Etemire Department of Public Law Faculty of Law University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The injustice and chaos in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria resulting from the manner in which the oil industry is being run and regulated have since captured the attention of the world. Importantly, the 2011 UNEP Report on the Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland (a Niger Delta community) which revealed shocking levels of ecological degradation has helped to keep the issue on the front burners of international discussion. In this light, this article explores the nature of injustice in the oil producing areas of Nigeria;it assesses the regulatory mechanisms that have been set up to prevent and reverse the injustice in the region;and based on the inadequacies of the present system, it makes recommendations as to how the mechanisms might be better strengthened, and governance executed, all in a manner that is more responsive to the plight of the affected people.

关键词： Oil and Gas Petroleum injustice Environmental Degradation Environmental Protection Benefit Sharing Niger Delta Nigeria

Lear——A Combination of Justice and injusticeAnalysis of Lear's Character in King Lear

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海外英语 2011年第15期 183-184页

作者：陈墨女四川外国语学院重庆南方翻译学院重庆401120

With no knowledge of justice, Lear makes a serious mistake in judgment. If one cannot manage the relationship between justice and injustice; particularly, if a ruler always thinks the justice should serve him but forgets he should as well obey the social disciplines; balance justice and injustice, this ruler will destroy his country. Only After a violent journey, Lear recognizes that he has misused justice and he bears responsibility for both his own problems and for those of others who suffers equally. He has learned that no one is above justice. The whole process makes Lear regret and remorse, which at the same time combines his justice and injustice.

关键词： Lear Justice injustice Combination

Neurocognitive Variety in Neurotypical Environments: The Source of “Deficit” in Autism

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第6期9卷 246-272页

作者： Mylène Legault Jean-Nicolas Bourdon Pierre Poirier Department of Philosophy Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Canada Institut des Sciences Cognitives Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Canada Institut de Rechercheset études Féministes Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Canada

As recent developments in autism research offer alternative explanations to the mainstream options, it can now be argued that the so-called cognitive deficits in the social domain associated with autism have been mischaracterized or, at least, oversimplified. We will use predictive models within a 4E (i.e., embodied, embedded, enactive and extended) conception of cognition to address the question of cognitive impairment in psychiatrics and autism. Such models force us to reassess what “cognitive deficit” means by integrating the environment not only in its usual sense (evo-developmental), but by understanding all cognitive performances as embedded in environments (or fields of affordances) that shape and sustain them. By adopting a predictive 4E perspective, we aim to show that the “cognitive deficits” associated with autism are in fact mismatches between environmental resources and the particular form of neurological functioning of autistic people (neurodiversity), brought about by the fact that the cultural niches that set up the relevant fields of affordances are structured by and for neurotypicals. This mismatch leads to epistemic injustices, both testimonial and hermeneutic, that feed back into research on autism and clinical approaches, thereby making the “deficits” appear based on individual shortcomings. In this context, autism interventions should partly focus on the development of social policies aimed at modifying those aspects of cultural niches that make environments unsuitable for the full development of all individuals.

关键词： 4E Cognition Predictive Processing Cognitive Deficit Autism Epistemic injustice

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从追求绝对正义到反对非正义

The Nigerian Civil War(1967-1970):New Theories,Old Problem,Fresh Crisis

教育学 2017年第1期

作者：高伟

教育正义论范式转换的实质是从追求绝对正义到反对非正义。思考教育与正义关系的目的是如何消除教育中显而易见的非正义以及如何通过教育消除社会中那些显而易见的非正义，而一种绝对正义的本质主义认识论路线和演绎式思维方式已经阻碍... 详细信息

教育正义论范式转换的实质是从追求绝对正义到反对非正义。思考教育与正义关系的目的是如何消除教育中显而易见的非正义以及如何通过教育消除社会中那些显而易见的非正义，而一种绝对正义的本质主义认识论路线和演绎式思维方式已经阻碍了教育正义论研究的深入展开。对教育正义来说，一种必不可少的理智必须是在形式上以更全面的视野最大限度地克服立场的片面性，在内容上则以更大的思想体量包容地对待各种合理的理由。诉诸理智思考的教育正义论由此必须从追求绝对正义转向反对非正义。一种恰当的教育正义论的本质维度是生活指标的建立，内容维度是实质自由的确立，目的维度则是提升人的可行能力。教育正义之实现必须转向以人为中心，以人的发展为中心。

关键词：正义非正义教育正义正义理论 justice injustice education justice justice theory

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2022年第3期10卷 131-139页

作者： Dapo Thomas Lagos State University LagosNigeria

Theories of civil war onset are adjuncts to extant literature on the“correlates of war”.The theories are fresh efforts at explaining and examining the evolution of empirical research on the causes of internal conflict *** theories serve as frameworks to analyse the structural and psychological conditions responsible for the fragility of war within the state,particularly in respect of mobilization and strategic *** article reviews the theories in light of the Nigerian experience and contends that some of the underlying issues that precipitated the Nigerian Civil War(1967-1970)still exist and need to be de-established in order to attenuate their resurgent *** article makes a case for constructive and functional integration of the multiple nationalities that make up the Nigerian state as a way of preserving the corporate existence of the *** also submits that perceived injustice is not just injurious to a system;it is capable of causing a dysfunction within the state because of its inflammatory war potential.

关键词： civil war internal conflict resurgent de-established injustice integration