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Emerging therapeutics in the management of COVID-19

World Journal of Virology 2021年第1期10卷 1-29页

作者： Asim Kichloo Michael Albosta Akshay Kumar Michael Aljadah Mohamed Mohamed Zain El-Amir Farah Wani Shakeel Jamal Jagmeet Singh Akif Kichloo Department of Internal Medicine Samaritan Medical CenterWatertownNY 13601United States Department of Internal Medicine Central Michigan UniversitySaginawMI 48602United States Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260United States Deparment of Internal Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Family Medicine Samaritan Medical CenterWatertownNY 13601United States Department of Transplant Nephrology Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineSayrePA 18510United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Saraswathi Institue of Medical SciencesUttar Pradesh 245304India

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)pandemic has placed a tremendous burden on healthcare systems globally.Therapeutics for treatment of the virus are extremely inconsistent due to the lack of time evaluating drug efficacy in clinical trials.Currently,there is a deficiency of published literature that comprehensively discusses all therapeutics being considered for the treatment of COVID-19.A review of the literature was performed for articles related to therapeutics and clinical trials in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.We used PubMed,Google Scholar,and Clinicaltrials.gov to search for articles relative to the topic of interest.We used the following keywords:“COVID-19”,“therapeutics”,“clinical trials”,“treatment”,“FDA”,“ICU”,“mortality”,and“management”.In addition,searches through the references of retrieved articles was also performed.In this paper,we have elaborated on the therapeutic strategies that have been hypothesized or trialed todate,the mechanism of action of each therapeutic,the clinical trials finished or inprocess that support the use of each therapeutic,and the adverse effects associated with each therapeutic.Currently,there is no treatment that has been proven to provide significant benefit in reducing morbidity and mortality.There are many clinical trials for numerous different therapeutic agents currently underway.By looking back and measuring successful strategies from previous pandemics in addition to carrying out ongoing research,we provide ourselves with the greatest opportunity to find treatments that are beneficial.

关键词： COVID-19 Therapeutics Infectious Disease SARS-CoV-2 Pharmacology Virology

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Risk Factors and Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Sex Workers in the Kadiolo Circle

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 95-103页

作者： Diarra Aminta Cissoko Yacouba Konate Issa Matchim Kouam Clemence Samake Dramane Traore Madou Daou Sounkalo Support and Counseling Care Unit for People Living with HIV/AIDS Dermatology Hospital Bamako Mali infectious and Tropical diseases Department of the University Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Mopti Regional Hospital Mopti Mali Sikasso Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali

Sexually transmitted infections constitute a gateway for the human immunodeficiency virus by the presence of ulcerations and local inflammatory manifestations, thus increasing the risk of transmission. The aim of the study was to assess the sexual behavior and syndromic management of sexual infections among female sex workers in the Kadiolo circle. Material and method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Kadiolo circle from January 1 to December 31, 2014. It focused on clandestine or posted sex workers, aged 15 and over. Results: We collected 465 sex workers aged 15 and 49, aged 26.6 on average and from Ivory Coast 52%, Nigeria 26.2% and Mali 9.7%. Educational attainment was higher with 2.4%. Posted sex workers represented 92.5% and housed in brothels with a stay of 6 months with 53.3%. They were single with 70.8% of cases and about 72.9% lived alone and without a spouse. The age at first sexual intercourse was between 15 - 19 years with 76.6% of cases. The number of first commercial sex was between 15 - 19 years (26%) and 20 - 24 years (45.8%). Usual condom use with regular sex partners was 22.1%. Condom use was almost compulsory at 89.7% with occasional clients or non-regular sexual partners. The average number of clients per day was five (5). The major reason for consultation was vaginal discharge 16.4% followed by abdominal pain. The human immunodeficiency virus test was not compulsory and only 86 workers or 18.5% accepted with a positive result of 11 people or 12.8% of cases. Conclusion: Sexually transmitted infections are common especially as they affect young people.

关键词： Sex Worker Kadiolo Infectious Disease

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Focal Point of Nursing Management of PTSD Related to COVID-19 Infection, Quarantine, and Curfew

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TMR Integrative Nursing 2021年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Mohammad Qutishat Aisha Al Shdefat Kholoud Al Damery Lecturer Department of Community and Mental HealthCollege of NursingSultan Qaboos UniversitySultanate of Oman Lecturer Department of Maternal and Child HealthCollege of NursingSultan Qaboos UniversitySultanate of Oman

Background:Since the coronavirus outbreak(COVID-19)has been declared an emergency in public health and has drawn enormous attention worldwide,the number of infected cases and deaths increases.The psychological well-being of the citizens and the health team workers might be affected and lead to more anxiety and stress,such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.Aim:This paper aims to provide a holistic approach regarding nursing management of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder concerning the COVID-19 outbreak and the consequences of lockdown,quarantine,or curfew.Methods:An extensive literature searchesCumulative Index of Nursing&Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),ProQuest Nursing&Allied Health Database,Google scholar PubMed,Ovid MEDLINE,Psych articles,and Psych Info,were conducted to achieve the objective of the study.Results:This paper highlights that the experiences of PTSD among patients in different age groups and health conditions,as well as health team workers as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak,can be affected by several factors including health and social stigmatization,media influences,and public health awareness.The result of this paper suggested that it is important for all nursing practices,concerning the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and its psychological symptoms,especially PTSD,to master their skills and knowledge to gather crucial information on the history of patient distress and to assess their existing levels of stress and anxiety-related the pandemic.Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic involves several possible causes of distress for particular people,such as experiencing a loved one's death or being terminally ill;this may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),which needs skilled and certified nurses to collaborate closely alongside other health.team members to identify,manage and support the health of such persons effectively.

关键词： PTSD COVID-19 Nursing management Infectious Disease

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Understanding Ehrlichia canis Infections in Dogs of Costa Rica: Hematological Findings and Indicative Clinical Signs

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2016年第11期6卷 163-175页

作者： Alexander V. Barrantes-González Ana E. Jiménez-Rocha Juan José Romero-Zuñiga Gaby Dolz Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica Laboratorio de Parasitología Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica

Background: A cross-sectional study combining different serological and molecular techniques for the detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs was carried out to determine hemopathological findings and suggestive clinical signs associated with acute, subclinical and chronic infections in the dog population of Costa Rica. Objectives: The present study describes and analyzes, in a more representative sampling frame, the clinical and hematological presentation of E. canis infection in dogs of Costa Rica in all its clinical stages. Methods: A descriptive analysis of the clinical signs was performed from a 441-dog sample. Serological and molecular techniques for the detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs were applied. One and two-way ANOVA were carried out to determine the effect of the infection status on the hematological parameters. Results: A total of 0.7% (3/407) dogs were found with acute (seronegative but PCR positive), 29.7% (121/407) with subclinical (seropositive and PCR negative), and 2.5% (10/407) with chronic (seropositive and PCR positive) E. canis infections. Significant hemopathological findings were determined in dogs with acute (thrombocytosis), subclinical and chronic (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia) E. canis infections. Conclusions: Future studies must determine if dogs with subclinical E. canis infections eliminated the agent without any medication, or if they continue to be persistently infected, and will develop the chronic disease at some point in their lives.

关键词： Ehrlichiosis Epidemiology Hematopathology Infectious Disease Clinical Pathology

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Analysis on the medication and methods of ancient traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention of plague

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Drug Combination Therapy 2020年第3期2卷 97-103页

作者： Wei-Sen Fan Wen-Hui Zhang Yun-Sheng Liu Xiao-Mei Feng Zhen-Gao Sun College of Acupuncture and Massage Shandong University of Traditiorical Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background:To analyze the medication and methods of ancient traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention of plague and seasonal pathogen in order to reduce the spread of Infectious Diseases such as flu and protect the susceptible people.Methods:Search the medication and the methods for preventing plague and seasonal pathogen in the Chinese Medical Code,classify and summarize the methods,perform frequency analysis and efficacy cluster analysis on Chinese medicines of involved medicines.Results:The methods of preventing ancient plague were as follows:burning and fumigating Chinese medicines,medicating nostrils,wearing bags filled with Chinese medicines,oral Chinese medicines and applying medicines to skin.The 3 main ways for drugs to work were external medication,nostril inhalation,and internal absorption.The Chinese medicines for preventing plague are mostly warm in nature and pungent in flavour,belonging to the spleen,stomach,liver,lung meridian.The 3 categories of drugs obtained by cluster analysis are C1:drugs for facilitating lung,relieving exterior and dissipating cold,such as Cangzhu(Atractylodis rhizoma)-Qianghuo(Notopterygh rhizoma et radix)-Xixin(Asari radix et rhizoma)-Baizhi(Angelicae dahuricae radix)-Fangfeng(Saposhnikoviae radix)-Zaojiao(Gleditsiae sinensis fructus);C2:drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,such as Xionghuang(Realgar)-Zhusha(Cinnabaris)-Dahuang(Rhei radix rhizoma)-Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong rhizoma)-Jiegeng(Platycodonis radix);C3:drugs for replenishing Qi(it is the most basic element that constitutes human body and maintains life activities in traditional Chinese medicine)and tonifying the spleen,such as Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma)-Dazao(Jujubae fructus)-Ganjiang(Zingiberis rhizoma)-Rougui(Cinnamomi cortex)-Gansong(Nardostachyos radix et rhizoma)-Chenpi(Citri reticulatae pericarpium)-Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma).Conclusion:Through analysis the medication and methods of ancient traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention of plague,we c

关键词： Plague Infectious Disease Traditional Chinese medicine Prevention Medication and methods COVID-2019

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Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第1期11卷 56-69页

作者： Lamya Al Balushi Fatma Al Fahdi Thamra Al Ghafri Mohammed Amin Jeffrey Singh Balqees Al Siyabi Mariam Al Kalbani Maya Al Kindi Fatma Al Balushi Haleema Al Ghazaili Malak Al Alwai Salwa Al Mashari Hanan Al Kindi Ahlam Al Rumhi Ibtisam Al Shidhani Zainb Al Balushi Padmamohan J. Kurup Fatma Al Ajmi disease Surveillance and Control Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Primary Health Care Directorate General for Health Services Muscat Governorate Ministry of Health Muscat Oman Directorate General of Khoula Hospital Muscat Oman Directorate General for disease Surveillance and Control Ministry of Health Muscat Oman

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went through stages of epidemic progression. This study describes the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Muscat governorate and related outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all lab confirmed COVID 19 cases that were reported from 1st February to 31st May 2020. Data for the study was primarily extracted from notifications system established for surveillance (Tarassud). Secondary data sources were, contact listings and hospital medical records. Results: 11,648 initial cases of confirmed COVID-19 infections were included. The mean age was 35 years, 84.7% (N = 9862) were males, 25.9% (N = 3017) were Omanis, and 74.1% (N = 8631) were expatriates of which Indian origin were the majority (37%). Fever and cough were the most common presentations (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (4.9% and 4.6% respectively). Hospital admission was required for 7% (N = 811) of the total reported cases, out of them 171 cases (21%) were admitted to ICU, where 107 (13.2%) were ventilated. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.9%. 158 clusters containing 2949 contacts were identified from case records and categorised into 3 groups based on their exposure settings. The incubation period measured was 8 days (IQR 4.0 - 15.0) for workplace, 8 days (IQR 4 - 17) for dormitory and 4 days (IQR 2.0 - 7.0) for family groups. The secondary attack rate (SAR) estimated was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.34 - 0.48), 52% (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.63) and 33% (95% CI: 0.27 - 0.38) for workplace, dormitory and family groups, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study, determine the transmission trend of COVID-19 in a country with high immigrant population. These findings could be utilised f

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemiological Characteristics Infectious Disease Cluster

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The Frequency of Infectious Diseases in Manzhouli Port from 2012 to 2014

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2016年第1期6卷 1-6页

作者： Kepeng Xin Xuesong Chen Hua Deng Yi Li Qihui Zhang Muzi Jin Yun Li Juan Sun Manzhouli Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Manzhouli China Manzhouli International Travel Healthcare Center Manzhouli China Inner Mongolia International Travel Healthcare Center Hohhot China Inner Mongolia Health Supervision Hohhot China Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Infectious Diseases among people entering/exiting via Manzhouli port. We analyzed Infectious Disease data from the Manzhouli International Travel Health care Center covering 2012 through 2014, as well as performed several laboratory tests to measure rates of infection. The frequencies of Infectious Diseases as well as their association with occupation and year of occurrence were calculated for people entering and exiting via the port. The total proportion of Infectious Diseases measured was 2.18%. Hepatitis B was the most commonly occurring at 1.68%, followed by syphilis, hepatits C and HIV, which were 0.23%, 0.21% and 0.04%, respectively. Contract workers, traffic staff, foreigners and those married abroad were more likely to be infected. Furthermore, there were significant differences among three years. Strategies should be developed and preventive policies should be implemented aimed at protecting the at risk populations at Manzhouli port, especially with regard to contract workers, traffic staff, foreigners and those married abroad.

关键词： Infectious Disease Detection Rate Entry/Exit Screening Occupation Manzhouli Port

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Annual acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 26-28页

作者： Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic diseases ShanghaiChina CDC

Contributing reviewersThe editors ofInfectious Diseases of Povertywould like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 2 (2013).

关键词： Public Health Infectious Disease Solomon Island Annual Acknowledgement Manuscript Reviewer

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For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第1期1卷 1-3页

作者： George F.Gao Chinese Center for disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China

Biological threats,whether naturally occurring,accidental,or deliberate in origin,can result in disasters that are regional,national,or even global in scope if not properly contained.Many global communities,international programs,and governmental organizations have been established to mitigate these risks and challenges.In China,for example,the government has systematically implemented long-term plans including a complete country-wide architecture for biosafety management.It includes the establishment of a series of improved biosafety laws/regulations/standards and of a large number of high-level biosafety laboratories.All countries should encourage preparedness and improve surveillance systems to predict,identify,and respond to the next public health crisis.More grants and funds should be established for research into biosafety and biosecurity.Most importantly,international collaborations,partnerships,and communications should be enhanced.The journal Biosafety and Health aims to provide a global communications platform on biosafety related to human and animal health.

关键词： Biological threat Public health Infectious Disease Bioterrorism Biosafety management International collaboration

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The role of U1 snRNA RNVU1-18 in the regulation of host innate immunity against RNA viruses

The role of U1 snRNA RNVU1-18 in the regulation of host inna...

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第十四届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Feng Ma Fan Zhang Liang Li Zigang Qiao CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine

Rapid and robust induction of type I interferon(IFN-I) is a key event for the host against invaded viruses. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs play important roles in the fine regulation of IFN-I production and IFNAR downstream signaling pathways. However, it is not clear whether small nuclear RNAs(snRNAs) involve in the regulation of IFN-I-dependent antiviral immunity. snRNA, a type of ncRNA between 100～300bp, is stably, widely, and highly expressed in cells, and very conserved among numerous species. SnRNAs mainly control the splicing of mRNA precursors, which is critical for the basic activities of life. However, the function of snRNAs in viral Infectious Diseases has not been reported. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 mediates the K63 ubiquitination of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I, thereby facilitating the activation of the RIG-I downstream signaling pathway and the production of IFN-I. Our Results have shown that U1 snRNA RNVU1-18 is upregulated in the influenza virus-infected cells. RNVU1-18 interacts with TRIM25 to promotes the activation of RIG-I and its downstream antiviral signaling pathways. Our study has explored the role of RNVU1-18 in host antiviral immunity and clarified the molecular mechanisms, which will provide novel targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of the Infectious Diseases caused by viruses including influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： Infectious Disease small nuclear RNA U1 snRNA non-coding RNA antiviral immunity type I interferon

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