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Immunomodulatory biomaterials against bacterial Infections:Progress,challenges,and future perspectives

The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 101-114页

作者： Shutao Zhang Hongtao Yang Minqi Wang Diego Mantovani Ke Yang Frank Witte Lili Tan Bing Yue Xinhua Qu Department of Bone and Joint Surgery Department of OrthopedicsRenji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200001China School of Engineering Medicine Beihang UniversityBejjing 100191China Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering Canada Research Chair 1 in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in SurgeryDepartment of Min-Met-MaterialsEngineeringResearch Center of CHU de QuebecDivision of Regenerative MedicineL aval UniversityQuebec CityQC G1V 0A6Canada Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Prosthodontics Geriatic Dentistry and Craniomandibular DisordersCharite Medical UniversityAssmannshauser Strasse 4-614197 BerlinGermany

Bacterial infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide.Even with the use of multiple antibiotic treatment strategies,4.95 million people died from drug-resistant bacterial Infections in 2019.By 2050,the number of deaths will reach 10 milion annually.The increasing mortality may be partly due to bacterial heterogeneity in the infection microenvironment,such as drug-resistant bacteria,biofilms,persister cells,intracellular bacteria,and small colony variants.In addition,the complexity of the immune microenvironment at different stages of infection makes biomaterials with direct antimicrobial activity unsatisfactory for the longterm treatment of chronic bacterial Infections.The increasing mortality may be partly attributed to the biomaterials failing to modulate the active antimicrobial action of immune cells.Therefore,there is an urgent need for effective alternatives to treat bacterial Infections.Accordingly,the development of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials has recently received considerable interest;however,a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking.In this review,we focus mainly on the research progress and future perspectives of immunomodulatory antimicrobial biomaterials used at different stages of infection.First,we describe the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in the acute and chronic phases of bacterial Infections.Then,we highlight the immunomodulatory strategies for antimicrobial biomaterials at different stages of infection and their corresponding advantages and disadvantages.Moreover,we discuss biomaterial-mediated bacterial vaccines'potential applications and challenges for activating innate and adaptive immune memory.This review will serve as a reference for future studies to develop next-generation immunomodulatory biomaterials and accelerate their translation into clinical practice.

关键词： Infections biomaterials modulator

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Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related Infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas Department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures

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Incidence and outcomes of secondary Infections in septic patients with cancer

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第5期13卷 400-402页

作者： Shi-ning Qu Hai-jun Wang Chu-lin Huang Hao Zhang Hao Wang Zhen-nan Yuan Xue-zhong Xing Department of Intensive Care Unit National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Secondary Infections,also called intensive care unit(ICU)-acquired Infections,are defi ned as Infections occurring 48 h after admission to the ICU.[1]Critically ill patients are at a high risk of developing ventilator... 详细信息

关键词： Infections patients mortality

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Prevalence of and risk factors for Infections in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at the intensive care unit

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第9期135卷 1096-1098页

作者： Shengjie Sheng Miaoxian Yang Shuixiang Deng Feng Zhao Peng Jin Mi Tian Ye Gong Department of Critical Care Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Department of Emergency Medicine Shanghai Medical College Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a severe neurological disease with high morbidity and mortality.[1,2]Infection rates of 26%to 58%have been reported in patients with ICH.[3]Infections not only increase the length of hospital stay and healthcare costs but also increase mortality,worsen functional outcomes,and increase hospital readmission rates.The current study sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Infections in patients with ICH and to investigate their impact on patient outcome upon discharge from the hospital.

关键词： Infections hemorrhage cerebral

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Occurrence,risk factors,and microbiology of surgical site Infections after total knee arthroplasty:preliminary results of a retrospective study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第14期136卷 1747-1749页

作者： Yiming Xu Yingjie Wang Wei Zhu Bin Feng Zehui Lyu Yixin Bian Xisheng Weng Department of Orthopedics State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

To the Editor:Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)has became an established treatment for end-stage joint disease.In China,there was a 5.9-fold increase in the number of TKA cases between 2011 and 2019.All kinds of Infections are catastrophic complications of TKA.Recent reports have highlighted the underestimated prevalence of surgical site Infections(SSIs)and projected an increase in complex SSIs following hip and knee arthroplasties by 14%between 2020 and 2030.^([1])However,there are few reports describing SSIs in Chinese population.This preliminary retrospective study aimed to gain some insights into the occurrence,risk factors,and microbiological patterns of SSIs in China.

关键词： Infections knee arthroplasty

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Implication of salivary lactoferrin and periodontal-mediated Infections in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2691-2692页

作者： Cristina Municio Eva Carro Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute(imas12)MadridSpainNetwork Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s disease Unit Functional Unit for Research into Chronic DiseasesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpainNetwork Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain

Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial prote in characterized by the exertion of many protective functions,including antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral,and antiparasitic properties,as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities(Kruzel et al.,2017).Lactoferrin is one of the major proteins present in exocrine secretions,including saliva,and is therefore associated with host defense against oral pathogens and control of the oral microbiome.In recent years,it has become clear that alterations in the oral microbiome may contribute to opportunistic pathogen Infections in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)patients and thus participate in or contribute to the development of this neurodegenerative disease(Sureda et al.,2020).Pathogenic oral microbes can affect neurological processes by entering brain tissue through various pathways and directly damaging the central nervous system.In the central nervous system,oral microbes may trigger an immune response that increases amyloidβ(Aβ)production and may even trigger the Aβcascade to promote the onset of AD,as we discuss in our previous study supporting the“infectious hypothesis”in AD(González-Sánchez et al.,2020).

关键词： Alzheimer Infections protective

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Characteristics of pathogens detected in adults with hematological malignancies and nosocomial Infections in the tropics

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第14期133卷 1735-1737页

作者： Li-Ping Dou Cheng Hou Ting Yang Long-Can Cheng Jian Bo Department of Hematology Hainan Branch of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan 572013China Department of Hematology The First Medical CenterChinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China

To the Editor:Human pathogens have evolved over a long time to become mesophiles to adapt to the typical 37°C temperature of the human body.Yeast and yeast-like fungi also grow very well at this temperature,while the optimal temperature for the growth of filamentous fungi is 25 to 28℃.Hainan Island in China has a tropical oceanic monsoon climate with indistinct seasons.The mean temperature at this place for many years has been 24.4℃,and the annual temperature variation is small;the precipitation is approximately 1718.6 mm,and the relative humidity is 82%.These unique weather characteristics provide a favorable growth environment for pathogens.Patients with hematologic malignancies have poor immunity and are susceptible to pathogens.This results in high nosocomial infection rates in patients with hematologic malignancies and frequent antibiotic use.Epidemiological surveys of different regions and hospitals can provide more guidance for clinical drug administration by hematologists in treating Infections in patients with hematologic malignancies.

关键词： pathogens Infections immunity

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Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections in children

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第22期133卷 2756-2758页

作者： Zhe Li Xi-Xi Lin Cai-Xia Liu Wen-Jing Ye Pei-Ning Liu Hai-Yan Li Lin Dong Department of Pediatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Department of Pharmacy The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Department of Clinical Microbiological Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)have spread worldwide as a global threat and CRE infection is associated with a significant mortality.However,data on epidemiology and treatment of CRE infection in children are comparatively lacking.[1]Therefore,we retrospectively conducted a matched case-control study to summarize the epidemiological characteristics,risk factors,treatment,and outcomes of nosocomial CRE Infections in a children patient population,and also to identify the antimicrobial resistance and resistance genotyping of CRE isolates.

关键词： Infections epidemiology treatment

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Six weeks into the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak:it is time to consider strategies to impede the emergence of new zoonotic Infections

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第9期133卷 1118-1120页

作者： Vijay Harypursat Yao-Kai Chen Division of Infectious Diseases Chongqing Public Health Medical CenterChongqing 400036China

Coronaviruses have in the past been known to be the etiologic agents of mild upper respiratory Infections in humans,similar to the ubiquitous and relatively benign"common cold"-type upper respiratory illnesses induced by the human rhinoviruses in adults and children.Subsequent to the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)outbreak in China 2003,and the Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)outbreak in the Middle East in 2012,global concerns regarding the pathogenicity and epidemic/pandemic potential of novel human coronaviruses began to emerge,with some experts predicting that novel coronaviruses could likely again cross the species barrier and present humans with future pandemic-potential Infections.[1]These concerns have proven prescient with the emergence,late in 2019,of the 2019 coronavirus disease(COVID-19)or novel coronavirus pneumonia.

关键词： Infections acute Middle

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Comparative oral metagenome insight into acute and chronic root canal Infections

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2023年第4期6卷 117-123页

作者： Kumari K.Swapna Sangita Dixit Mahendra Gaur Dibyajyoti Uttameswar Behera Patitapabana Das Enketeswara Subudhi Shakti Rath Institute of Dental Sciences Siksha"O"Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)Bhubaneswar 751003OdishaIndia Centre for Biotechnology School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha"O"Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)Bhubaneswar 751003OdishaIndia

Background:In the dynamic progression of root canal Infections,the resultant change in environmental conditions directs the adaptation of the microbiome in terms of richness,evenness,and diversity.Objective:The goal of this study is to contrast the interradicular bacterial community structures of teeth in acute and chronic stages and investigate potential microorganisms associated with persistent apical periapical Infections.Methods:Interradicular samples were collected from 10 teeth in the apical periodontitis group and 10 teeth in the chronic apical periodontitis group.High-throughput next-generation sequencing(NGS)–based microbial identification through the Illumina platform was used to characterize the complex intraradicular microbial communities in acute and chronic root canal Infections.Results:Bacteria were the major domain,with a prevalence of>97%(acute cases:98.11%and chronic cases:97.6%)compared to eukaryotes and archaea.Bacterial diversity was relatively higher in acute compared to chronic conditions under 10 and 9 phyla,79 and 64 genera,and 172 and 135 species,respectively.These endodontically infecting bacteria belonged to Firmicutes(47.21%),Bacteroidetes(20.07%),and Proteobacteria(10.72%)in acute conditions,while in the chronic stage,Firmicutes(40.85%),Proteobacteria(27.80%),and Actinobacteria(14.79%)were abundant.The phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria was exclusively found in acute samples.Spirochaetes and Synergistetes were found predominantly in acute Infections compared to chronic Infections.Bacillus and Lactobacillus were found in equal and highest abundance under the phylum Firmicutes in both conditions.Conclusion:This study provides information on the differential microbial community present in the apical root canal system of teeth with acute and chronic apical periodontitis and contributes to new approaches or channels for future research on preventive measures and therapeutic protocols during disease progression and treatment.However,functional characterization and detection of antimicrobia

关键词： acute chronic apical periodontitis Infections metagenome oral microbiome

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