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Assessment of Environmental Cleaning Practices and the Impacts on infection prevention and Control in Selected Hospitals in Tanzania

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第10期13卷 698-715页

作者： Honest Anicetus Samwel Manyele Michael Habtu Adolf Kiyunge Josephat Saria Robert Njee Linda Thadei Khalid Massa Grace Elizabeth Saguti Zabulon Yoti Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children Dodoma Tanzania Department of Chemical and Mining Eng. University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania World Health Organization (WHO) Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Environmental Studies The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzani National Institute of Medical Research Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Council for Technical Education Dar es Salaam Tanzania

To achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in healthcare facilities (HCFs,) the provision of water, sanitation, healthcare waste management, hand hygiene and environmental cleanliness services is crucial. Good WASH services in HCFs settings have the potential to reduce healthcare acquired infections (HAIs), increase trust and uptake of healthcare services, increase efficiency and improve staff morale. To address this, a National Assessment was carried out to ascertain environmental cleanliness condition of the healthcare facilities at all levels. The assessment of healthcare waste management in the facilities was conducted in all the 26 regions of Tanzania Mainland including districts and lower healthcare facilities. A standardized checklist and tools were used to assess and monitor various aspects related to healthcare waste management using open source software for data collection (ODK). Data were analyzed using SPSS computer software. It was observed that most of permanent staff (88%) in the Healthcare facilities had knowledge on hand hygiene, but the gap was observed to the waste handlers (12%) who were not equipped with the hand hygiene knowledge. About 89% of the hand washing stations were available at mortuary units, followed by 75% at main entrance and the lowest was 3% at waste zone areas of the healthcare facilities. Hand washing materials like soap were mainly found at theaters (64%) followed by mortuary (60%) and last at waste zones. The assessment concludes that handling of healthcare wastes is not practiced to the expectations, and there is a need to strengthen the situation. The findings provide evidence for those engaged in improving HCF conditions to develop evidence-based policies and efficient programs, enhance service delivery systems, and make better use of available resources.

关键词： Environmental Cleaning infection prevention Sanitation Hand Hygiene and Water Supplies

Ultrastable in-situ silver nanoparticle dressing for effective prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 111-123页

作者： Wei Wang Ziwei Hu Wanying Mo Min Ouyang Shihao Lin Xiang Li Chengxinqiao Wang Feng Yu Yupeng Wang Dongfang Zhou Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Institute of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery Guangzhou Red Croee Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510282China c Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282China

The use of antibacterial dressings is crucial in the prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency ***,the efficacy of dressings is compromised by long-term storage or exposure to harsh ***,an ultrastable in-situ silver nanoparticle dressing(AgSNP@CD)was prepared for effective prevention and treatment of wound infection in *** fabrication process of AgSNP@CD is simple,suitable for large-scale *** to the strong interaction between the in-situ synthesized AgNPs and the cotton fabric,AgSNP@CD owned remarkable stability,thus retaining its antimicrobial efficacy even after long-term storage(up to 2 years)and under extreme conditions(damp heat,low temperatures,low-oxygen,water immersion,acid-alkali erosion).Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the extraordinary antibacterial efficacy and stability of AgSNP@CD,facilitating infection prevention and wound healing in extreme *** particular,AgSNP@CD exhibited a superior treatment effect on severe bacteria-infected trauma and can prevent the occur-rence of sepsis *** exceptional stability and antibacterial efficacy of AgSNP@CD under complex and extreme conditions make it a well-suited dressing strategy for the prevention and treatment of wound infection in emergency.

关键词： Bacteria-infected wounds Silver nanoparticle dressing Ultra stability infection prevention In emergency

Effect and Significance of Comprehensive Training in infection prevention and Control on the Psychological Health of Oral Health Staff

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2023年第3期7卷 81-95页

作者： Zijian Wu Manli Zhang Clinical Research Management Department Affiliated Cancer Hospital&Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510095Guangdong ProvinceChina Hospital Office Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510140Guangdong ProvinceChina

Background:Oral health staff have close contact with patients in the process of diagnosis and treatment,and it is inevitable for them to come into contact with patients’***,oral health staff are at greater risk of infectious diseases in their daily work,and their psychological health is also greatly ***:To study the effect and significance of comprehensive training in infection prevention and control on the psychological health of oral health ***:We selected 400 oral health staff from a tertiary stomatological hospital in Guangzhou,China in this *** respondents were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control *** the first round of investigation,the intervention group received comprehensive training in prevention and control of infection for three months,while the control group received no ***:The comprehensive training in infection prevention and control improved the respondents’psychological health and job *** strengthening infection prevention and control training for oral health staff will increase their self-confidence,improve their mental health,and increase their job ***:For oral health staff,it is particularly important to formulate an effective and operable preventive and control training program and then implement it in a standardized manner.

关键词： Oral health staff infection prevention infection control Psychological health Comprehensive training Job satisfaction

Micro-power negative pressure wound technique reduces risk of incision infection following loop ileostomy closure

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第1期16卷 186-195页

作者： Deng-Yong Xu Bing-Jun Bai Lina Shan Hui-Yan Wei Deng-Feng Lin Ya Wang Da Wang Department of Colorectal Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Wound&Ostomy Care Clinic Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Hospital infection Control Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310005Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal *** surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complication after ileostomy *** To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the micro-power negative pressure wound technique(MPNPWT)in preventing incisional *** This was a prospective,randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center.A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery with a prophylactic ileostomy were enrolled from January 2019 to December *** were randomly allocated into an MPNPWT group and a control *** MPNPWT group underwent intermittent suturing of the surgical incision with 2-0 Prolene and was covered with a micro-power negative pressure *** surgical outcomes were compared between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control(n=51)*** factors for incisional SSI were identified using logistic *** There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control groups(n=51).The incisional SSI rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the MPNPWT group(15.7%vs 2.0%,P=0.031).However,MPNPWT did not affect other surgical outcomes,including intra-abdominal complications,operative time,and blood *** hospital stay length and hospitalization costs did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.069 and 0.843,respectively).None of the patients experienced adverse effects of MPNPWT,including skin allergy,dermatitis,and *** also helped heal the infected *** study indicated that MPNPWT was an independent protective factor[odds ratio(OR)=0.005,P=0.025)]and diabetes was a risk factor(OR=26.575,P=0.029)for incisional *** MPNPWT is an effective and safe way to prevent incisional SSI after loop ileostomy closure.

关键词： Micro-power negative pressure technique Ileostomy closure Incisional surgical site infection infection prevention Postoperative incision

Evaluation of adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence-based system in rooms occupied by patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus

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Infectious Medicine 2022年第3期1卷 217-220页

作者： Anna Montgomery Kimberly Hammer Dubert Guerrero Tze Shien Lo Department of Research San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA Department of infection prevention Fargo VA Healthcare SystemFargoNDUSA Department of infection prevention Sanford HealthFargoNDUSA

Background:Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-based monitoring systems can detect the amount of organic matter that remains on hospital surfaces after *** evaluated an ATP-based monitoring system in assessing con-tamination of high touched objects in rooms occupied by patients on methicillin resistant *** ***:We compared the ATP to standard aerobic cultures as well as to gloved hand culture to predict risk of healthcare-worker hand ***:More than a third of high touch object surfaces were measured unclean with ATP yet only reflects about 5%chance of contaminating healthcare-workers’***:Our study emphasizes the shortcomings of using the ATP system even in pathogen specific environ-ment such as surfaces in methicillin resistant *** rooms.

关键词： Environment Healthcare-associated infections Hand hygiene infection prevention infection control MRS

Next Generation Sequencing for Microbial Analysis to Select Prophylactic Antibiotic Selection before Urologic Stone Surgery: A Culture Change

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Open Journal of Urology 2021年第7期11卷 289-304页

作者： Rishi Das Tim Tseng Meghan I. Short Kelly Reveles Allison Wheeler Robert Hudson Bernard Fongang Michael A. Liss Department of Urology University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio USA Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases San Antonio Texas USA The University of Texas at Austin—College of Pharmacy (PHR) Austin USA

Background: This paper aims to determine if the combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) could identify bacteria in culture-negative urine that would alter prophylaxis management. Methods: We sent approximately 5 - 10 mL of a preoperative urine sample to MicrogenDx for PCR/NGS analysis performed after surgery (blind to the surgeon). The physician prescribed standard of care antibiotic prophylaxis. Cases modeling the hospital course of 3 random patients were reviewed by eight urologists after surgery to determine if NGS results would change their prophylaxis regimen. An infectious disease pharmacist reviewed the cases and provided the “ideal” regimen. Results: Urine cultures identified bacteria in 11% (2/18) of cases. Culture speciation results were consistent with NGS results. NGS detected a dominant bacteria in 56% (10/18) of negative cultures and targetable bacteria in all samples. There was a 15% (3/20) infection rate. In both cases, NGS results suggest inadequate prophylaxis. In response to the case scenarios, 100%, 88%, and 88% of the urologists reported they would change prophylaxis with NGS results. During a case scenario, physicians would tend to overprescribe antibiotics given PCR/NGS data for prophylaxis selection. Conclusion: NGS identifies a targetable bacterium in up to 80% of negative urine cultures before urologic stone surgery. Responses to case scenarios indicate that physicians would change management based on NGS results. Inter-professional (urologic and pharmacy) antibiotic selection with PCR/16S DNA testing may be helpful to improve antibiotic stewardship.

关键词： Health-Care Associated infection Urinary Tract infection infection prevention Surgical Site infection