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Innate immunity against malaria parasites in Anopheles gambiae

Insect Science 2008年第1期15卷 45-52页

作者： Yang Chen Zhi-Hui Weng Liangbiao Zheng Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Road ShanghaL China

Malaria continues to exert a huge toll in the world today, causing approximately 400 million cases and killing between 1-2 million people annually. Most of the malaria burden is borne by countries in Africa. For this reason, the major vector for malaria in this continent, Anopheles gambiae, is under intense study. With the completion of the draft sequence of this important vector, efforts are underway to develop novel control strategies. One promising area is to harness the power of the innate immunity of this mosquito species to block the transmission of the malaria parasites. Recent studies have demonstrated that Toll and Imd signaling pathways and other immunity-related genes （encoding proteins possibly function in recognition or as effector molecules） play significant roles in two different arms of innate immunity： level of infection intensity and melanization of Plasmodium oocysts. The challenges in the future are to understand how the functions of these different genes are coordinated in defense against malaria parasites, and if different arms of innate immunity are cross-regulated or coordinated.

关键词： Anopheles immunity infection intensity malaria melanization

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Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific Kato-Katz thick smear templates employed in different settings

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 491-498页

作者： Andrea Leuenberger Tatu Nassoro Khadija Said Lukas Fenner George Sikalengo Emilio Letang Antonio Montresor Xiao-Nong Zhou Peter Steinmann Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Stefanie Knopp Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Exercise Physiology Lab Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichWinterthurerstrase 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre Bagamoyo District HospitalIfakara Health InstituteP.O.Box 74BagamoyoUnited Republic of Tanzania Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernFinkenhubelweg 11CH-3012 BernSwitzerland Ifakara Health Institute Off Mlabani PassageP.O.Box 53IfakaraUnited Republic of Tanzania Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationAvenue Appia 20CH-1211 Geneva 27Switzerland Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases207 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector Ministry of HealthWHO Collaborating Center for MalariaSchistosomiasis and Filariasis207 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUnited Kingdom

Background:The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys,drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control *** assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three Kato-Katz templates included in test kits from two different ***:Nine hundred Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done;300 per *** slides,slides plus Kato-Katz template filled with stool and slides plus stool after careful removal of the template were weighed to the nearest 0.1 *** average amount of stool that was generated on the slide was calculated for each template,stratified by standard categories of stool consistency(***,soft,sausage-shaped,hard and clumpy).Results:The average amount of stool generated on slides was 40.7 mg(95%confidence interval(CI):40.0–41.4 mg),40.3 mg(95%CI:39.7–40.9 mg)and 42.8 mg(95%CI:42.2–43.3 mg)for the standard Vestergaard Frandsen template,and two different templates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC),*** stool resulted in considerably lower average weights when the Vestergaard Frandsen(37.0 mg;95%CI:34.9–39.0 mg)or new China CDC templates(37.4 mg;95%CI:35.9–38.9 mg)were used,compared to the old China CDC template(42.2 mg;95%CI:40.7–43.7 mg)and compared to other stool consistency ***:The average amount of stool generated by three specific Kato-Katz templates was similar(40.3–42.8 mg).Since the multiplication factor is somewhat arbitrary and small changes only have little effect on infection intensity categories,it is suggested that the standard multiplication factor of 24 should be kept for the calculation of eggs per gram of faeces for all investigated templates.

关键词： Accuracy Diagnosis infection intensity Kato-Katz technique Schistosomes Soil-transmitted helminths

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集卵直检法现场实验报告

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实用寄生虫病杂志 1995年第4期 189-189页

作者：周时国马玉曙王洪吴仲阳苏正明凉山州西昌市血吸虫病防治站

集卵直检法现场实验报告凉山州西昌市血吸虫病防治站西昌６１５０００周时国，马玉曙，王洪，吴仲阳，苏正明１９９４年１０月，作者等在西昌市大兴乡用集卵直检法、Ｋａｔｏ－Ｋａｔｚ法（２片）和集卵孵化法（一送三孵）对同一人群进... 详细信息

集卵直检法现场实验报告凉山州西昌市血吸虫病防治站西昌６１５０００周时国，马玉曙，王洪，吴仲阳，苏正明１９９４年１０月，作者等在西昌市大兴乡用集卵直检法、Ｋａｔｏ－Ｋａｔｚ法（２片）和集卵孵化法（一送三孵）对同一人群进行了对比实验。阳性率分别为集卵直检...

关键词： Schistosomiasis parasitological diagnosis infection intensity qualitative examination quantitative examination

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