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Comprehensive isotopic characterization of the hydrological processes of the indus river basin(IRB):A comparison between Upper indus Basin(UIB)and Lower indus Basin(LIB)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第3期20卷 705-723页

作者： Akhtar JAHAN Tanveer DAR Sudhir KUMAR Nachiketa RAI Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee 247667India

The indus river basin(IRB)is one of the most depleted water basins globally,having significant challenges for its water *** of stable isotope composition(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)across IRB is a critical aspect that can provide deeper insights for investigating complex hydrological *** work analyses the spatial pattern of the isotopic signature using a comprehensive compilation of available datasets of the Global Network of Isotopes in river(GNIR)and Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(GNIP),along with the previously published isotopic studies in the indus ***,this work provides a detailed comparison of the isotopic signature of the Upper indus Basin(UIB),and Lower indus Basin(LIB).The IRBs waterline was found to beδ^(2)H=7.89×δ^(18)O+13.51,which shows a close similarity with the Global Meteoric Water Line(GMWL),indicating the meteoric origin of the water with insignificant secondary evaporation prevailing across the *** Main indus Channel(MIC)river water line(δ^(2)H=8.88×δ^(18)O+26.05)indicates a major contribution from the meteoric origin(precipitation/rain)of water with minimal effect of evaporation *** water line for UIB samples,(δ^(2)H=7.88×δ^(18)O+11.94)was found to be moderately higher in slope than LIB samples(δ^(2)H=7.17×δ^(18)O+7.16).However,the slopes of both UIB and LIB river water lines closely approached the slope of GMWL and were consistent with the slope of IRB water line,which indicates similarity in contribution of water *** higher slope and intercept in UIB suggest that meteoric water sources contributed to streamflow *** snow/glacier with insignificant evapotranspiration,which is also validated by the scarce vegetation cover in the ***,the lower slope and intercept in LIB suggest stream water contribution from significantly evaporated groundwater and precipitation with a complete homogenization of discharge coming from the *** substantiate that distinct isotopi

关键词： Isotopes Spatial variability Indian summer monsoon Western Disturbance indus river Water

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Biological Status of indus river Dolphin （Platanista Minor Owen） in indus river, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第1期5卷 39-47页

作者： Farzana Perveen Sardar Azher Mehmood Shabbir Ahmed Zia Ur Reman Department of Zoology Hazara University Garden Campus Mansehra-21300 Pakistan

A study was aimed to determine the biological status of the indus river dolphin, Platanista minor Owen in indus river with respect to distribution, threats and protection throughout its range in Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in an area of 103.5 km including the indus river and its tributaries in March 2009 for estimating its distribution and population size using both direct observations of the dolphin as well as indirect evidences from its signs. The best group size was estimated with an abundance of 54 dolphins. Approximately 53.7% （1.07 dolphin＆m） of the dolphin-population occurred in 27 km from Miran onward to Ramak, however, 38.9% （0.46 dolphin/km） occurred in 46 km from Dera Ismail （D.I.） Khan bridge to Miran, moreover, 7.4% （0.13 dolphin/kin） occurred in 30.5 km from Saggu, near Meetapur-village to D.I. Khan bridge in the indus river. The highest density was found between Miran and Ramk. A pronounced increase in dolphin encounter rate and abundance were observed in a downstream-direction. Threats to dolphins include too much vessel-traffic, disturbance by the crane, duck-hunters, and no effective-protection. Dolphins are particularly vulnerable to the high levels of anthropogenic activities because of their restricted habitat. Threats vary geographically in their importance, but generally include accidental killing during fishing-operations, habitat-loss and population-fragmentation from water development. Deliberate killing for dolphin products also threatens the dolphins. Potential for protections and possibilities for dolphin eco-tourism measures must be taken.

关键词： Dolphin endangered or critically endangered indus river Northern Pakistan protection population.

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Assessing Multidimensional Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Flooding:An Index‑Based Approach

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 88-106页

作者： Samavia Rasool Irfan Ahmad Rana Hassam Bin Waseem Department of Urban and Regional Planning School of Civil and Environmental Engineering(SCEE)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction *** study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external *** concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and *** a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all *** statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the *** results show that communities near the Chenab river had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other *** attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk *** research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.

关键词： Chenab river Flood hazard indus river Pakistan-Rural areas:Vulnerability to flooding

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