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Natural Gas and indoor air pollution: A Comparison With Coal Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期16卷 227-236页

作者： YUEZHANG BAO-SHENGCHEN GUANG-QUANLIU JU-NINGWANG ZI-IEN-HUAZHAO LIAN-QINGLIN CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoYueZHANG InstituteofEnvironmentalHealthandRelatedProductSafetyChineseCenterforDiseaseControlandPreventionBeijing100050China. InstituteofEnvironmentalHealthandRelatedProductSafety ChineseCenterforDiseaseCentrolandPreventionBeijing100050China BeijingResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtection Beijing1000371China BeijingInstituteofRadiationProtection Beijing100013China

Objective The study was designed to compare the combustion products of coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas in relation to indoor air pollution. Methods Regular pollutants including B(a)P were monitored and 1-hydroxy pyrene were tested in urine of the enrolled subjects. Radon concentrations and their changes in four seasons were also monitored in the city natural gas from its source plant and transfer stations to final users. To analyze organic components of coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas, a high-flow sampling device specially designed was used to collect their combustion products, and semi-volatile organic compounds contained in the particles were detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC/MS). Results Findings in the study showed that the regular indoor air pollutants particles and CO were all above the standard in winter when heating facilities were operated in the city, but they were lowest in kitchens using natural gas; furthermore, although NO2 and CO2 were slightly higher in natural gas, B(a)P concentration was lower in this group and 1-hydroxy pyrene was lowest in urine of the subjects exposed to natural gas. Organic compounds were more complicated in coal gas and liquefied petroleum gas than in natural gas. The concentration of radon in natural gas accounted for less than 1‰ of its effective dose contributing to indoor air pollution in Beijing households. Conclusion Compared to traditional fuels, gases are deemed as clean ones, and natural gas is shown to be cleaner than the other two gases.

关键词： Natural gas indoor air pollution Organic compounds Radon 1-hydroxy pyrene Environmental monitoring

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Study on Testing the Composition of indoor air pollution to Benzene Series by Laser Mass Spectrometry

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Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition) 2014年第2期23卷 87-92页

作者： XUE Mei HE Le-min ZHONG Wei-gang ZHAO Xin LI Xiu-zhen Department of Radiation Taishan Medical College

This paper reports some experimental detecting results of pollutants in the atmosphere by means of laser mass spectrometry. For toluene as calibration gas, the calibration procedure was also given. Benzene, toluene and xylene were discovered in testing indoor atmosphere resulting from dope in the course of fitment. Meanwhile, it is noticeable that the concentration of various harmful elements is obviously decreasing as timegoeson.

关键词： laser mass spectrometry resonance-enhanced muhiphoton ionization mass number benzoid compounds formaldehyde indoor air pollution

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Exposure Assessment to indoor air pollution in Guiyang

Exposure Assessment to Indoor Air Pollution in Guiyang

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2007中国科协年会

作者： Zhong Ling Yan Min Liu Zhaorong~1 Bai Yuhua College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

Research results from epidemiology show that indoor air pollution has tremendous influence on human *** environment is the most important exposure environment to air pollutants as people spend most of their time *** it will contribute a lot to the total air pollutants *** paper introduced and analyzed the basic conception and primary coverage of indoor environmental exposure assessment and made use of data from indoor air Quality Investigation in Guiyang to evaluate and discuss the exposure level of indoor air pollutants in Guiyang.

关键词： indoor air pollution exposure assessment Guiyang

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indoor air pollution and Its Determinants in Household Settings in Jaipur, India

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2023年第1期6卷 60-67页

作者： Anukrati Dhabhai Arun Kumar Sharma Gaurav Dalela S.S Mohanty Ramesh Kumar Huda Rajnish Gupta ICMR NIIRNCDJodhpurRajasthan273013India RUHS College of Medical SciencesJaipurRajasthan302033India

Individuals spend 90% of their time indoors, primarily at home or at work. indoor environmental factors have a significant impact on human well-being. It was a longitudinal study that assessed the major factors that reduce indoor air quality, namely particulate matter, and bio-aerosols, using low-cost sensors and the settle plate method, respectively also to determine the effect of atmospheric parameters and land use patterns in households of commercial, industrial, residential, slum, and rural areas of the city. PM2.5 concentration levels were similar in most parts of the day across all sites. PM10.0 concentration levels increased indoors in a commercial area. PM2.5 concentration showed a negative correlation with temperature and a positive correlation with relative humidity in some areas. Very high values of PM2.5 concentration and PM10.0 concentration have been observed in this study, inside households of selected rural and urban areas. Pathogenic gram-positive cocci, gram-positive rods, Aspergillus, and Mucor species were the most common bacterial and fungal species respectively found inside households. This study examined particulate matter concentration along with bio-aerosols, as very less studies have been conducted in Jaipur the capital of Rajasthan, a state in the western part of India which assessed both of these factors together to determine the indoor air quality. Rural households surrounding the periphery of the city were found to have similar pollution levels as urban households. So, this study may form the basis for reducing pollution inside households and also for taking suitable measures for the reduction of pollution in the indoor environment.

关键词： indoor air pollution Particulate matter Bio-aerosols

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Vertically-resolved indoor measurements of air pollution during Chinese cooking

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第4期12卷 37-45页

作者： Shuxiu Zheng Huizhong Shen Guofeng Shen Yilin Chen Jianmin Ma Hefa Cheng Shu Tao College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesSino-French Institute for Earth System SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

Chinese cooking features several unique processes,e.g.,stir-frying and pan-frying,which represent important sources of household air ***,factors affecting household air pollution and the vertical variations of indoor pollutants during Chinese cooking are less ***,using low-cost sensors with high time resolutions,we measured concentrations of five gas species and particulate matter(PM)in three different sizes at multiple heights in a kitchen during eighteen different Chinese cooking *** found indoor gas species were elevated by 21%-106%during cooking,compared to the background,and PMs were elevated by 44%-159%.Vertically,the pollutants concentrations were highly variable during cooking *** species generally showed a monotonic increase with height,while PMs changed more diversely depending on the cooking activity's *** cooking,e.g.,stir-frying,pan-frying,or cooking on high heat,tended to shoot PMs to the upper layers,while moderate ones left PMs within the breathing *** with different heights would be subject to different levels of household air pollution exposure during *** high vertical variability challenges the current indoor standard that presumes a uniform pollution level within the breathing zone and thus has important implications for public health and policy making.

关键词： indoor air pollution Chinese cooking Vertical distribution Particulate matter

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Numerical simulation of formaldehyde distribution characteristics in the high-speed train cabin

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 285-300页

作者： Fan Wu Hang Dong Chao Yu Hengkui Li Qingmin Cui Renze Xu Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of EducationSchool of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410075China Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety ChangshaHunan410075China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle ChangshaHunan410075China School of Software Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhouHenan451191China

The global concern over indoor air pollution in public vehicles has grown *** a focus on enhancing passengers’comfort and health,this study endeavors to investigate the distribution characteristics of formaldehyde within a high-speed train cabin by employing a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model which is experimentally validated in a real cabin *** research focuses on analyzing the impact of air supply modes,temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate on the distribution and concentration of *** results demonstrate that the difference in average formaldehyde concentration between the two air supply modes is below 1.3%,but the top air supply mode leads to a higher accumulation of formaldehyde near the sidewalls,while the bottom air supply mode promotes a more uniform distribution of ***,the temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate are the primary factors affecting formaldehyde concentration levels,but they have modest effects on formaldehyde’s distribution pattern within the *** the temperature and relative humidity increase,the changes in formaldehyde concentrations in response to variations in these factors become more ***,the formaldehyde concentration may surpass the standard limit of 0.10 mg/m^(3)if the fresh air change rate falls below 212 m^(3)/*** research provides a systematic approach and referenceable results for exploring formaldehyde pollution in high-speed train cabins.

关键词： indoor air pollution formaldehyde CFD simulation high-speed train ventilation

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Reconsidering gas as clean energy:Switching to electricity for household cooking to reduce NO_(2)-attributed disease burden

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第2期3卷 174-182页

作者： Ying Hu Ye Wang Zhuohui Zhao Bin Zhao Department of Building Science School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology AssessmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and HealthIRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public HealthWMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Beijing Key Laboratory of indoor air Quality Evaluation and Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a prevalent air pollutant in urban areas,originating from outdoor sources,household gas consumption,and secondhand *** limited evaluation of the disease burden attributable to NO_(2),encompassing different health effects and contributions from various sources,impedes our understanding from a public health *** on modeled NO2 exposure concentrations,their exposure–response relationships with lung cancer,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and diabetes mellitus,and baseline disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),we estimated that 1,675(655–2,624)thousand DALYs were attributable to NO2 in urban China in 2019[138(54–216)billion Chinese yuan(CNY)economic losses].The transition from gas to electricity for household cooking was estimated to reduce the attributable economic losses by 35%.This reduction falls within the range of reductions achieved when outdoor air meets the World Health Organization interim target 3 and air quality guidelines for annual NO_(2),highlighting the significance of raising awareness of gas as a polluting household energy for *** findings align with global sustainable development initiatives,providing a sustainable solution to promote public health while potentially mitigating climate change.

关键词： Environmental risk indoor air pollution Nitrogen dioxide Health effect Cooking

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Fast prediction for multi-parameters(concentration,temperature and humidity)of indoor environment towards the online control of HVAC system

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 649-665页

作者： Hao-Cheng Zhu Chen Ren Shi-Jie Cao School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing27009China Global Centre for Clean air Research(GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK Academy of Building Energy Efficiency School of Civil EngineeringGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 570006China

Heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)systems are the most energy-consuming building implements for the improvement of indoor environmental quality(IEQ).We have developed the optimal control strategies for HVAC system to respectively achieve the optimal selections of ventilation rate and supplied air temperature with consideration of energy conservation,through the fast prediction methods by using low-dimensional linear ventilation model(LLVM)based artificial neural network(ANN)and low-dimensional linear temperature model(LLTM)based contribution ratio of indoor climate(CRI_((T))).To be continued for integrated control of multi-parameters,we further developed the fast prediction model for indoor humidity by using low-dimensional linear humidity model(LLHM)and contribution ratio of indoor humidity(CRI_((H))),and thermal sensation index(TS)for *** was used to construct the prediction database for CO_(2),temperature and ***-dimensional linear models(LLM),including LLVM,LLTM and LLHM,were adopted to expand database for the sake of data storage ***,coupling with ANN,CRI_((T)) and CRI_((H)), the distributions of indoor CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and humidity were rapidly predicted on the basis of LLVM-based ANN,LLTM-based CRIm and LLHM-based CRM ***,according to the self-defined indices(i.e.,E_(V),E_(T),E_(H)),the optimal balancing between IEQ(indicated by CO_(2) concentration,PMV and TS)and energy consumption(indicated by ventilation rate,supplied air temperature and humidity)were synthetically *** total HVAC energy consumption could be reduced by 35%on the strength of current control *** work can further contribute to development of the intelligent online control for HVAC systems.

关键词： HVAC system indoor air pollution thermal comfort indoor humidity control

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Deposition of nanoparticles on school eyeglasses in urban and rural areas:A methodology for a more real assessment of the possible impacts

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 498-505页

作者： Kátia Martinello James C.Hower Guilherme L.Dotto Claudete G.Ramos Carlos E.Schnorr Diana Pinto Instituto Inanís Rua Felizardo FurtadoPorto AlegreBrazil University of Kentucky Department of Earth&Environmental SciencesLexingtonKY 40506USA University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research2540 Research Park DriveLexingtonKY 40511USA Chemical Engineering Department Federal University of Santa Maria97105-900 Santa MariaBrazil Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia

Because incomplete confirmation is available concerning the influential role of atmosphere contamination on conjunctivitis,myopia,asthma,and allergic rhinitis in Brazil,the focus of the present work is to explore the possible relations among atmosphere contamination and eye *** that a case study on eye diseases,by way of questionnaires supplemented by the investigation of nanoparticles(NPs)on eyeglasses,the study examines the mechanisms in which NPs and ultra-fine particles are deposited on the glasses of children up to 10 years of age in urban and rural *** important connection between atmosphere contaminants and individual protection equipment justifies improving indoor school properties in order could protect children’s eyes,particularly in high-pollution/high-particulate areas.

关键词： indoor air pollution Nanoparticles Eyes health Allergic reaction Schools

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A High Resolution Emission Inventory of Domestic Burning in Rural Region of Northeast China Based on Household Consumption

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第5期30卷 921-933页

作者： ZHAO Hongmei YANG Guangyi XIU Aijun ZHANG Xuelei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of Sci-encesChangchun 130102China University of Chinese Academy of Science Bejing 100049China

Domestic burning emits large amounts of pollutants into the ambient air due to incomplete and inefficient combustion, with significant impacts on indoor air quality and human health. Northeast China is one of the major contributors to domestic burning emissions in China;however, the high-resolution emissions inventories of domestic biomass and coal burning in Northeast China are lacked, which are needed to estimate the extent of its impact. In this study, we established a town-level emissions inventory of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) from domestic biomass and coal burning, based on per household consumption in each town in rural region of Northeast China. The results revealed that biomass burning was the major domestic burning source over the region in 2016. Domestic biomass burning is the major contributor to PM and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emissions, while coal burning is the major contributor to SO2 emissions. High emissions intensities were concentrated around the cities of Harbin, Suihua, Changchun, Qiqihar, and Chifeng, each with emissions intensity for PM2.5 and VOCs of more than 2000 Mg per 27 km × 27 km grid cell. Additionally, there are three burning peaks(6-7 am, 12 pm and 4-7 pm) during both the heating(from October to April) and non-heating seasons(from May to September), due to cooking and heating. The burning peaks in the non-heating season were more notable than those in the heating season. These results suggest that the government should pay more attention to domestic biomass and coal burning in rural areas, in order to reduce pollutant emissions and control regional haze during the heating season.

关键词： residential emission particulate matter(PM) source contribution indoor air pollution spatiotemporal distribution

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