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Concentration,sources and wet deposition of dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon in the Northern indo-gangetic plain during monsoon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 37-52页

作者： Hemraj Bhattarai Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Junming Guo Prakriti Sharma Ghimire Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Kathmandu Center for Research and Education(KCRE) KathmanduNepal

Precipitation represents an important phenomenon for carbon and nitrogen ***,the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)with their potential sources were analyzed in wet precipitation during summer monsoon from the Northern indo-gangetic plain(IGP),important but neglected *** volume-weighted mean(VWM)concentration of DOC and TDN were 687.04 and 1210.23μg/L,***,the VWM concentration of major ions were in a sequence of NH_(4)^(+)>Ca^(2+)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Na^(+)>K^(+)>NO_(3)~->Cl~->Mg^(2+)>F~->NO_(2)~-,suggesting NH_(4)^(+)and Ca^(2+)from agricultural activities and crustal dust played a vital role in precipitation ***,the wet deposition flux of DOC and TDN were 9.95 and 17.06 kg/(ha year),*** wet deposition flux of inorganic nitrogen species such as NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were 14.31 and 0.47 kg/(ha year),respectively,demonstrating the strong influence of emission sources and precipitation *** attribution from different analysis suggested the influence of biomass burning on DOC and anthropogenic activities(agriculture,animal husbandry)on nitrogenous *** air-mass back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal,which possibly carried marine and anthropogenic pollutants along with the biomass burning emissions to the sampling *** study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the northern IGP region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.

关键词： Precipitation chemistry Dissolved organic carbon Total dissolved nitrogen Major ions indo-gangetic plain

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Impact of Drought on Agriculture in the indo-gangetic plain,India

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第3期34卷 335-346页

作者： Reshmita NATH Debashis NATH Qian LI Wen CHEN Xuefeng CUI Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of System Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environmental Observations Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Meteorology and Climate Unit School of Mathematical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland

In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in India and its impact on agriculture during the summer season （April-September）. In the analysis, we use Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index （SPEI） datasets between 1982 and 2012 at the six-monthly timescale. Based on the criterion SPEI 〈 -1, we obtain a map of the number of occurrences of drought and find that the humid subtropical Upper Middle gangetic plain （UMGP） region is highly drought-prone, with an occurrence frequency of 40%-45%. This UMGP region contributes at least 18%-20% of India＇s annual cereal production. Not only the probability of drought, but the UMGP region has become increasingly drought-prone in recent decades. Moreover, cereal production in the UMGP region has experienced a gradual declining trend from 2000 onwards, which is consistent with the increase in drought-affected areas from 20%-25% to 50%-60%, before and after 2000, respectively. A higher correlation coefficient （-0.69） between the cereal production changes and drought-affected areas confirms that at least 50% of the agricultural （cereal） losses are associated with drought. While analyzing the individual impact of precipitation and surface temperature on SPEI at 6 month timescale [SPEI （6）] we find that, in the UMGP region, surface temperature plays the primary role in the lowering of the SPEI. The linkage is further confirmed by correlation analysis between SPEI （6） and surface temperature, which exhibits strong negative values in the UMGP region. Higher temperatures may have caused more evaporation and drying, which therefore increased the area affected by drought in recent decades.

关键词： drought agriculture SPEI indo-gangetic plain temperature precipitation potential evapotranspiration

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Identification of aeolian loess deposits on the indo-gangetic plain(India)and their significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第3期60卷 428-437页

作者： LIU XiuMing MA MingMing WU HaiBin ZHOU ZiBo Institute of Geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian ProvinceCollege of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Environment and Geography Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Aeolian loess deposits contain abundant information about the evolution of the *** example,paleoclimate changes recorded in Chinese loess area obtained significant achievement in the past few *** to Chinese loess,research on Indian loess is ***,most studies focus on the Kashmir area located in the southern Himalayas,and studies on other areas are ***,field observations demonstrate that the sediments around the New Delhi-Agra-Jaipur plain are similar to Chinese loess-paleosol *** example,the boundary between two strata is transitional and without horizontal ***,obvious pedogenic horizons developed among sediment sequences,probably indicating unrecognised aeolian deposits in the indo-gangetic plain(IGP).To confirm this,pilot samples were obtained from the IGP and detailed indoor measurements *** results indicate that the distribution patterns of particle size and rare earth elements(REE) of the pilot samples are similar to Chinese ***,the scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) images of pilot samples show obvious conchoidal fractures,dash-shaped concavities,and abundant small pits that usually form through mechanical *** are typical characteristics of aeolian *** addition,environmental and rock magnetic measurements indicate that the dominant magnetic minerals in the pilot samples are magnetite and maghemite,and that they likely contain small amounts of ***,conventional magnetic parameters are comparable with Chinese *** on this,aeolian loess deposits are widely distributed in the IGP,which may have promoted the development of Indian farming and contributed towards the prosperity of ancient Indian *** study also provides a new and valuable record for the research on paleoclimate changes in the study area in the future.

关键词： indo-gangetic plain Loess deposits Particle size SEM REE Environmental magnetism Ancient civilisation

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Atmospheric particle-bound mercury in the northern indo-gangetic plain region:Insights into sources from mercury isotope analysis and influencing factors

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 85-95页

作者： Junming Guo Lekhendra Tripathee Shichang Kang Qianggong Zhang Jie Huang Chhatra Mani Sharma Pengfei Chen Rukumesh Paudyal Dipesh Rupakheti State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Himalayan Environment Research Institute(HERI) KathmanduNepal Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Lumbini is a world heritage site located in the southern plains region of Nepal, and is regarded as a potential site for evaluating transboundary air pollution due to its proximity to the border with India. In this study, 82 aerosol samples were collected between April 2013 and July 2014 to investigate the levels of particulate-bound mercury(PBM) and the corresponding seasonality, sources, and influencing *** PBM concentration in total suspended particulate(TSP) matter ranged from 6.8 pg m^(-3) to351.7 pg m^(-3)(mean of 99.7 ± 92.6 pg m^(-3)), which exceeded the ranges reported for remote and rural sites worldwide. The Hg content(PBM/TSP) ranged from 68.2 ng g^(-1) to 1744.8 ng g^(-1)(mean of 446.9 ±312.7 ng g^(-1)), indicating anthropogenic enrichment. The PBM levels were higher in the dry season(i.e.,winter and the pre-monsoon period) than in the wet season(i.e., the monsoon period). In addition, the δ^(202) Hg signature indicated that waste/coal burning and traffic were the major sources of Hg in Lumbini during the pre-monsoon period. Meanwhile, precipitation occurring during photochemical processes in the atmosphere may have been responsible for the observed Δ^(199) Hg values in the aerosol samples obtained during the monsoon period. The PBM concentration was influenced mostly by the resuspension of polluted dust during dry periods and crop residue burning during the post-monsoon period. The estimated PBM deposition flux at Lumbini was 15.7 lg m^(-2) yr^(-1). This study provides a reference dataset of atmospheric PBM over a year, which can be useful for understanding the geochemical cycling of Hg in this region of limited data.

关键词： Particle-bound mercury Seasonality Mercury isotopes Deposition flux indo-gangetic plain

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