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Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the indo-gangetic Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3300-3308页

作者： SHARMA Bharat International Water Management Institute (IWMI) New Delhi Office NASC Complex CG Block Dev Prakash Shastri Marg Pusa New Delhi 110012 India

Understanding of crop water productivity (WP) over large scale, e.g., river basin, has significant impli-cations for sustainable basin development planning. This paper presents a simplified approach to combine remote sensing, census and weather data to analyze basin rice and wheat WP in indo-gangetic River Basin, South Asia. A crop dominance map is synthesized from ground truth data and three existing LULC maps. National statistics on crop area and production information are collected and the yield is interpolated to pixel level using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Crop evapotranspiration is mapped using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model with MODIS land surface temperature products and meteorological data collected from 56 weather stations. The average ET by rice and wheat is 368 mm and 210 mm respectively, accounting for only 69% and 65% of potential ET, and 67% and 338% of rainfall of the crop growth period measured from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Average WP for rice and wheat is 0.84 and 1.36 kg/m3 respectively. WP variability generally follows the same trend as shown by crop yield disregarding climate and topography changes. Sum of rice-wheat water productivity, however, exhibits different variability leading to better understanding of irrigation water management as wheat heavily relies on irrigation. Causes for variations and scope for improvement are also analyzed.

关键词： crop water productivity remote sensing census indo-gangetic Basin

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Seasonal Variation of Potential Source Locations of Atmospheric Particulates over the indo-gangetic Plain of India

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2020年第1期9卷 1-10页

作者： Mohammad Hafizur Rahman V. P. Sharma S. Kundu A. Datta Center for Environmental Studies Earth Sceinces & Climate Change Division The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi India

Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations were measured during two different seasons (summer and winter) at three different locations of Gurugram which is located in the indo-gangetic plain of India. The ambient concentrations of both PM2.5 and PM10 were higher during winter season (PM2.5: 261 μg·m-3;PM10: 440 μg·m-3) when compared to summer period (PM2.5: 114 μg·m-3;PM10: 202 μg·m-3). Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis suggests significant seasonal variation in potential contributing locations of ambient PM2.5 over the study area. The PSCF analysis suggests that cross country transport of PM2.5 from Pakistan and Afghanistan significantly attributed to higher concentrations of PM2.5 at the study locations;whereas, PM2.5 emitted from locations in the south-western direction of the study sites attributed to the ambient PM2.5 concentrations at the study site during summer seasons. Further study is required to measure percentage contribution from different sectors and locations to the ambient particulate concentrations at the study site to develop sector specific mitigation plan.

关键词： Ambient Particulate Matter indo-gangetic Plain Region PSCF Analysis

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