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Optimal photonic indistinguishability tests in multimode networks

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Science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1470-1478页

作者： Niko Viggianiello Fulvio Flamini Marco Bentivegna Nicolò Spagnolo Andrea Crespi Daniel J.Brod Ernesto F.Galvao Roberto Osellame Fabio Sciarrino Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Universitadi RomoPiazzale Aldo Moro 51-00185RomaItaly Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR)Piazza Leonardo da Vinci321-20133 MilanoItaly Diportimento di Fisica Politecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci321-20133 MilanoItaly Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street NorthWaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Instituto de Pisica Universidade Federal FluminenseAv.Gal.Milton Tavares de Souza s/nNiteroiRJ 24210-340Brazil

Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and ***, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling *** is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple *** approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable *** particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this *** using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size ***, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3 D integrated circuits in the single-and multiple-source *** then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and *** results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.

关键词： Particle indistinguishability Quantum statistics Optical quantum computation Quantum simulation Sylvester interferometers Bayesian tests Multiphoton interference experiments

A Bayesian validation approach to practical boson sampling

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第5期63卷 39-46页

作者： Zhe Dai Yong Liu Ping Xu WeiXia Xu XueJun Yang JunJie Wu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Boson sampling is a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum supremacy. The validation that involves judging whether a quantum setup outputs photons following the boson sampling model is an essential task in the experiments. However, the current validation methods may result in an incorrect conclusion being reached in realistic experiments, in which no ideally identical photons exist. Accordingly, this study proposes a slope-based approach, which is an extended Bayesian validation, to model the degree of photon indistinguishability. Through numerical simulations and performance evaluations, we demonstrate that the proposed approach can correctly validate boson sampling against the distribution of classical particles. In addition to offering a useful approach for validation, our research indicates that physicists should pay more attention to the quality of photon indistinguishability in boson sampling experiments.

关键词： boson sampling quantum supremacy Bayesian validation photon indistinguishability

Pseudorandom number generator based on supersingular elliptic curve isogenies

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 267-269页

作者： Yan HUANG Fangguo ZHANG Zhijie LIU Haibo TIAN School of Electronic and Information Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security

Dear editor,Pseudorandom number generator(PRNG) is very important for the randomness study in some cryptographic algorithms.A PRNG is a deterministic function that takes a uniform random bit string as input and output... 详细信息

关键词： Post-quantum cryptography Pseudorandom generator Supersingular elliptic curve isogenies Decisional Supersingular Product indistinguishability

Efficient construction of provably secure steganography under ordinary covert channels

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 1639-1649页

作者： AHN Gail-Joon School of Computing Informaticsand Decision Systems EngineeringArizona State University

Steganography is the science of hiding information within seemingly harmless messages or innocent *** paper addresses the problems of efficient construction of secure steganography in ordinary covert *** relying on any sampling assumption,we provide a general construction of secure steganography under computational *** results show that unpredictability of mapping function in covertext sampler is indispensable for secure stegosystem on indistinguishability against adaptive chosen hiddentext *** completely prove that computationally secure steganography can be constructed on pseudorandom function and unbiased sampling function under ordinary covert channels,that is,its security is inversely proportional to the sum of errors of these two functions,as well as the legth of *** importantly,our research is not dependent upon pseudorandom ciphertext assumption of cryptosystem or perfect sampling ***,our results are practically useful for construction and analysis of secure stegosystems.

关键词： steganography cryptography indistinguishability sampler unpredictability adversary models

Quantum counterfactuality with identical particles

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第6期75卷 59-65页

作者： Vinod N Rao Anindita Banerjee R Srikanth Theoretical Sciences Division Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific ResearchBidalurBengaluru—562164India Graduate Studies Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal—576104India Centre of Development of Advanced Computing Corporate Research and DevelopmentPune—411008India

Quantum self-interference enables the counterfactual transmission of information,whereby the transmitted bits involve no particles traveling through the *** this work,we show how counterfactuality can be realized even when the self-interference is replaced by interference between identical ***,the facet of indistinguishability called forth here is associated with first-order coherence,and is different from the usual notion of indistinguishability associated with the(anti-)commutation relations of mode *** an experimental perspective,the simplest implementation of the proposed idea can be realized by slight modifications to existing protocols for differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution or interaction-free measurement.

关键词： quantum cryptography counterfactuality indistinguishability

Using Quantum Statistics to Win at Thermodynamics, and Cheating in Vegas

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第10期6卷 2166-2179页

作者： George S. Levy Entropic Power Irvine CA USA

Gambling is a useful analog to thermodynamics. When all players use the same dice, loaded or not, on the average no one wins. In thermodynamic terms, when the system is homogeneous—an assumption made by Boltzmann in his H-Theorem—entropy never decreases. To reliably win, one must cheat, for example, use a loaded dice when everyone else uses a fair dice;in thermodynamics, one must use a heterogeneous statistical strategy. This can be implemented by combining within a single system, different statistics such as Maxwell-Boltzmann’s, Fermi-Dirac’s and Bose-Einstein’s. Heterogeneous statistical systems fall outside of Boltzmann’s assumption and therefore can bypass the second law. The Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, the equivalent of an unbiased fair dice, requires a gas column to be isothermal. The Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, the equivalent of a loaded biased dice, can generate spontaneous temperature gradients when a field is present. For example, a thermoelectric junction can produce a spontaneous temperature gradient, an experimentally documented phenomenon. A magnetic field parallel to, and an electric field perpendicular to a surface produce a spontaneous current along the surface, perpendicular to both fields (Reciprocal Hall Effect). Experimental data collected by several independent researchers is cited to support the theory.

关键词： Entropy Game H-Theorem Field-Induced Thermoelectric Effect Reciprocal Hall Effect Second Law Thermodynamics Thermoelectrics Homogeneity indistinguishability

The Faraday Isolator, Detailed Balance and the Second Law

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第4期5卷 889-899页

作者： George S. Levy Entropic Power 3980 Del Mar Meadows San Diego CA USA

A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.

关键词： Faraday Isolator Detailed Balance Second Law Non-Maxwellian Entropy H-Theorem Statistical Mechanics Perpetual Motion Machine Statistical Symmetry indistinguishability

Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a Chaotic Iterative Process

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第12期3卷 1910-1920页

作者： Michael Francois Thomas Grosges Dominique Barchiesi Robert Erra Group for Automatic Mesh Generation and Advanced Methods Gamma3 Project(UTT-INRIA)University of Technology of TroyesTroyesFrance Network&Information Security Ecole Superieure d’InformatiqueElectroniqueAutomatiqueParisFrance

The paper describes a symmetric encryption algorithm based on bit permutations and using an iterative process combined with a chaotic function. The main advantages of such a cryptosystem is its ability to encrypt securely bit sequences and assuring confusion, diffusion and indistinguishability properties in the cipher. The algorithm is applied on the image encryption where the plain-image is viewed as binary sequence. The results of statistical analysis about randomness, sensitivity and correlation on the cipher-images show the relevance of the proposed cryptosystem.

关键词： Encryption Image Encryption Chaotic Function Confusion Diffusion indistinguishability

On the Heisenberg and Schrodinger Pictures

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Journal of Modern Physics 2014年第5期5卷 171-176页

作者： Shigeji Fujita James MacNabb III Akira Suzuki Department of Physics University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloUSA Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan

A quantum theory for a one-electron system can be developed in either Heisenberg picture or Schrodinger picture. For a many-electron system, a theory must be developed in the Heisenberg picture, and the indistinguishability and Pauli’s exclusion principle must be incorporated. The hydrogen atom energy levels are obtained by solving the Schrodinger energy eigenvalue equation, which is the most significant result obtained in the Schrodinger picture. Both boson and fermion field equations are nonlinear in the presence of a pair interaction.

关键词： Heisenberg and Schrodingier Pictures Many-Particle Systems indistinguishability Second Quantization Pauli’s Exclusion Principle