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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 419-427页

作者： Md. Jahirul Islam Tapan Kumar Nath Bangladesh Planning Commission Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong

An exploratory survey was conducted among the Khasia living in Lawachara National Parkt （LNP） to investigate their depend- ency on the protected area （PA） for livelihoods, betel leaf hill farming, traditional forest conservation and perceptions of the PA, Field data were collected by interviewing 48 household heads from two villages （punjis） located inside the LNP and visiting their farms.： The economy of the Khasia was forest-based. They were largely dependent on betel leaf hill farming in LNP and nearly 71% of their mean annual income was de- rived from this irrespective of farmer category. On average, about 14% of the incomes of the poorer farmers came from forest produce followed by 10% and 6% for medium and rich farmers respectively. Hills and forests were the foundations of their lives and livelihoods, and LNP was the life-blood of Khasia survival. As a sustainable production system, this farming practice plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity in LNP and might be replicated elsewhere.

关键词： Bangladesh indigenous people Khasia livelihoods betel leaf fanning protected area management

Bofedal response to climate variability, local management, and water extraction: A case study of Chucuyo, Northern Chile

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 241-252页

作者： URIBE-ÁLVAREZ Monserrat C PRIETO Manuel MESEGUER-RUIZ Oliver Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáArica 1010069Chile Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáIquique 1101783Chile

Andean high-altitude wetlands are important ecosystems that serve a range of socialecological functions. In the Andes, bofedales, a specific type of peat-producing wetland, are essential for the sustainability of mountain ecosystems and indigenous pastoralist communities. The Chucuyo bofedal in northern Chile is affected by climatic variability and water extraction for agricultural uses via the Lauca canal. Herders in the local community also actively manage this wetland according to their traditional ecological knowledge to ensure permanent fodder for their animals. In this article, we analyze the annual behavior of the Chucuyo bofedal after the wet season. Based on precipitation data, extracted water flows, vegetation vigor from satellite images, and an ethnographic approach, we determined that the bofedal’s productivity was negatively correlated with the amount of precipitation and positively correlated with the surface area of the wetland. However, water extraction via the Lauca channel had no significant relationship with either surface area or vegetation vigor. We identify community practices and traditional ecological knowledge as key elements in the maintenance of these ecosystems. This situation is critical in the context of an aging population and the current pattern of migration out of the region to urban areas. The results provide substantial empirical evidence for future decision-making regarding the conservation of these ecosystems.

关键词： Atacama Bofedales indigenous people Lauca canal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Socio-Psychological Factors of Rising Trend of Suicidal Ideation among indigenous Workforce: Evidence from Himalayan Range

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第12期25卷 1245-1256页

作者： Zia Ullah Esra AlDhaen Fatema Saleh AlDhaen Bee-Lia Chua Heesup Han Faculty of Business Administration Lahore Leads UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Management Marketing and Information SystemsCollege of Business&FinanceAhlia University ManamaManama10878Bahrain Department of Food Service and Management Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor43400Malaysia College of Hospitality and Tourism Management Sejong UniversitySeoul143-747Korea

Apart from socio-economic disparities,indigenous people of the Himalayan range in Asia face an increasing trend of suicides.The tragic suicidal events usually go unaddressed,and no strategies are presently in place to mitigate suicides in the future.This study aims to explain the prevailing causes of suicidal ideation to come up with some policy recommendations.Through a preliminary survey,we identiﬁed social stigma,social isolation,lack of healthcare facilities,and domestic violence as the potential reasons for suicidal ideation.We identiﬁed individuals with suicide ideation for further data collection to test the relationships between the identiﬁed variables and suicidal ideation.A quantitative,explanatory and cross-sectional design was used to test the hypotheses.Inferential statistics were applied to the data containing 314 responses,and the results revealed that all the predictive variables inﬂuence the formation of suicidal ideation.The study uncovered some new dimensions of social stigma and social isolation that are common among the indigenous people.The results also indicate that some domestic violence is socially acceptable and considered a normal familial matter.Theﬁndings have theoretical and practical implications.We have identiﬁed new dimensions of social stigma,social isolation,and domestic violence that are new additions to the existing bank of literature.It provides insights to encourage public authorities,healthcare providers,and NGO managers to play their role in the right direction to mitigate the problem.This study opens further venues for researchers to investigate the complex issue of suicide more deeply.

关键词： Domestic violence indigenous people social isolation social stigma suicide ideation

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism among two indigenous subethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 700-714页

作者： Yuee Teng Chin Yvonne Ai Lian Lim Chun Wie Chong Cindy Shuan Ju Teh Ivan Kok Seng Yap Soo Ching Lee Mian Zi Tee Vinnie Wei Yin Siow Kek Heng Chua Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Parasitology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Life Sciences School of PharmacyInternational Medical University57000 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Background:Intestinal parasitic infections(IPIs)among indigenous people have been widely documented in Malaysia,however,the prevalence of these infections remains high.In the past,most studies have focused on specific species of parasites but polyparasitism has received limited attention.In addition,epidemiology studies on indigenous people tend to consider them as a homogenous group,whereas in reality different sub-ethnic groups have different cultural and living practices.Variations in living habits such as personal hygiene practices may predispose different groups to different parasitic infections.To better understand prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitism among different sub-ethnic groups,the present study was conducted among two sub-ethnic groups of indigenous people(Temuan and Mah Meri)residing in Selangor state,Malaysia.Methods:A cross-sectional study that focused on two distinct sub-ethnic groups was carried out from February to September 2014.Faecal samples were collected from 186 participants and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique.A molecular approach was adopted to conduct a genetic characterisation of the parasites.Additionally,questionnaires were administered to obtain information on the demographics,socioeconomic backgrounds and behavioural risks relating to the participants,as well as information about their environments.Statistical analyses(i.***.binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses)were performed to measure risk factors.Results:For Temuan communities,trichuriasis(64.2%)was the most common infection found,preceding hookworm infection(34%),ascariasis(7.5%),giardiasis(14.2%)and amoebiasis(7.5%).As for the Mah Meri communities,trichuriasis(77.5%)prevailed over ascariasis(21.3%),hookworm(15%),giardiasis(7.5%)and amoebiasis(3.8%).Significant differences in proportions of trichuriasis,ascariasis and hookworm infections were observed between the Temuan and Mah Meri sub-ethnic groups.Polyparasitism was more common among the Temuan sub-ethnic group(41.5%)c

关键词： Intestinal parasites Intestinal parasitism indigenous people Risk factors Prevalence Sub-ethnic group Temuan sub-ethnic group Mah Meri sub-ethnic group Peninsular Malaysia

Towards Inclusive Development: Situating the Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Environmental Issues of an indigenous Cultural Community in the Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 367-386页

作者： Jerski Jarzen C. Duria Eugenia G. Baltazar Johnah Jefferson S. Mercado Armando C. Lagasca College of Arts and Social Sciences University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines College of Agriculture University Extension Program Office Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241oz Philippines

The Municipality of Carranglan is a rural community where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. The Kalanguya Ancestral Domain (KAD) is also located in the area, and it provides a home for the Kalanguya indigenous cultural community. They have fled to the area for a variety of reasons. Despite its rural setting, Carranglan is regarded as a first-class municipality and the largest municipality in Nueva Ecija. This study described and documented the socio-economic profile, and existing issues and problems the Kalanguya indigenous peoples (IPs) experienced in their milieu, especially in terms of environmental protection. Recognizing and valuing their perspectives is vital for inclusive development. This study also situated the current status and conditions of the IPs, who generally live below the poverty line and face a range of plights and challenges. As part of safeguarding indigenous rights and interests, this study was undertaken after series of consultations with community elders and leaders. Key informant interviews, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, focused-group discussion (FGD), and direct observations were used to elicit information. Many of the respondents are elementary undergraduates which show that the community had lacked access to education. The following are the primary socioeconomic issues confronting IPs: insufficient access to potable water, suboptimal agricultural productivity, meager monthly income, and a dearth of supplementary and alternative livelihood opportunities. Forest fires, landslides, encroachment of illegal loggers, and concerns about wildlife resources are some of the current environmental issues they have encountered. The local population was supportive of plans and actions targeted at improving the environment. This reveals that the IPs possess unique indigenous forest expertise that enables them to properly manage natural resources.

关键词： indigenous people Rural Development Rural Sociology Environmental Problems and Conservation Extension and Community Intervention Carranglan Nueva Ecija

TOWARDS A GLOBAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE HUMANE TREATMENT OF CAPTURED ENEMY FIGHTERS

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2017年第2期12卷 217-277页

作者： Suzannah Linton International Law Department School of Law Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018 China

The prevailing narrative instructs us that humane treatment of captured enemy fighters is down to white knights from the western parts of the European continent with their codes of chivalry, or alternatively, the Swiss businessman Henri Dunant. This contribution challenges that narrative for overlooking, or being ignorant of, the way that societies around the world have approached the matter of the captured enemy fighter. Traces of some of the critical principles about humane treatment that we see in our present law can actually be found in much older societies from outside of Europe. A more accurate and representative way of understanding humanitarianism in the treatment of captured enemy fighters can and must be crafted, with the prevailing Euro-centric account balanced with practices, cultures and faiths from elsewhere. The quest to achieve more humane treatment in armed conflict is first and foremost a battle of the intellect. Narratives and conceptualisations that are more inclusive, recognising and appreciating of the ways of the rest of the world are likely to be more effective in communicating humanitarian ideals. This work adopts a new method of approaching the richness and diversity of the treatment of captured enemy fighters over time and space. This new framework of analysis uses six cross-cutting themes to facilitate a broader international and comparative perspective, and develop a more sophisticated level of understanding. The first theme is how older and indigenous societies approached the matter of captured enemy fighters. The second focuses on religions of the world, and what they teach or require. The third section examines the matter of martial practices and codes of ethics for combatants in certain societies. The fourth category engages with colonisation and decolonisation, and regulation （or non-regulation） of the treatment of captives of war. Fifth is the issue of modernisation and the impact it has had on armed forces and fighters, including on the treatment of captives. The final issue is

关键词： International Law International Humanitarian Law capture enemy fighters,captured enemy fighters prisoners of war humane treatment slavery ransom exchange,killing abuse ancient societies indigenous people Hammurabi＇s Code religion,Christianity Islam Hinduism Judaism Buddhism Sikhism martial codes ethical codes,cultural norms Japan India West Africa East Africa Crusades Western Europe USA,Henri Dunant colonisation decolonisation wars of national liberation Geneva Conventions1949 Additional Protocol Ⅰ Additional Protocol Ⅱ context evolution modemisation,codification global understanding new perspective

Clinical and Spatial Characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by COVID-19 in indigenous of Brazil

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第4期11卷 441-454页

作者： Daniele Melo Sardinha Karla Valéria Batista Lima Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira Juliana Conceição Dias Garcez Thalyta Mariany Rêgo Lopes Ueno Yan Corrêa Rodrigues Anderson Lineu Siqueira dos Santos Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima Programa de Pós-Graduaç ã o em Epidemiologia e Vigilancia em Saúde Instituto Evandro Chagas (PPGEVS/IEC) Ananindeua Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduaç ã o em Biologia Parasitária na Amazô nia Instituto Evandro Chagas and Universidade do Estado do Pará (PPGBPA/IEC/UEPA) Belém Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduaç ã o em Biologia Parasitária na Amazô nia Instituto Evandro Chagas and Universidade do Estado do Pará (PPGBPA/IEC/UEPA) Belém Brazil Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará(SESPA) Belém Brazil

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) broke out in Wuhan in China in December 2019, causing severe pneumonia and deaths, soon in March 2020, it reached pandemic level, affecting several countries including Brazil. The disease was named COVID-19, with characteristics of most infected having mild and moderate symptoms and a part severe symptom. The disease has already reached 158 ethnic groups, which have high vulnerability and limited access to health services. The objective is to investigate the clinical and spatial characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of COVID-19 in the indigenous peoples of Brazil. It is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical ecological study, based on data from the OpenDataSUS platform from 01/01/2020 to 31/08/2020. Profile variables, signs and symptoms and risk factors/comorbidities. The data were analyzed by Bioestat 5.3. There were 1,207 cases and 470 deaths. Profile: male gender (59.48%) means age 53 years. Signs and symptoms: fever (74.23%), cough (77.71%), sore throat (35.62%), dyspnea (69.34%), respiratory discomfort (62.80%), O2 saturation 2 saturation indigenous have vulnerabilities that can increase the impact of the pandemic in this population.

关键词： Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome indigenous people SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Brazil

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澳大利亚法学家论习惯与法律

Sustainable Tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods

法理学、法史学 2018年第2期 61-69页

作者：严琼湘

澳大利亚的法学研究者在讨论习惯与法律的关系时，主要关注原住民族的习惯法，因为原住民族习惯法的地位和与普通法的关系问题由来已久，可以追溯到殖民统治开始之初，至今仍是真正实现族群平等、人权保护和社会和谐的重大议题之一。因... 详细信息

澳大利亚的法学研究者在讨论习惯与法律的关系时，主要关注原住民族的习惯法，因为原住民族习惯法的地位和与普通法的关系问题由来已久，可以追溯到殖民统治开始之初，至今仍是真正实现族群平等、人权保护和社会和谐的重大议题之一。因为原住民族学者和社会精英层有识之士共同努力和抗争，目前原住民族习惯法在司法实践中已获得一定程度的承认。但是社会上仍有部分人意识中还有殖民统治思想的余孽，许多法律建议未得到政府的积极响应，习惯法在具体适用方面尚存不少问题和障碍，而这些都是学者们正在努力回应的现实。

关键词：澳大利亚法学家原住民族习惯法 Australia law scholar indigenous people customary law

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Sustainable Tourism and Sustainable Livelihoods