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收入分配与城市利益阶层分化的相关性研究

劳动经济与劳动关系 2006年第4期 142-143页

作者：冯虹

改革开放以来，我国城市利益阶层发生了巨大的分化，其成因极其复杂。当前，诸多学者从政治模式、经济体制、产业结构等方面进行了大量研究，本文在前人研究的基础上，从城市收入分配结果的变化，探讨收入分配对城市利益阶层分化的影响。

关键词：收入分配利益阶层分化 income distribution interest groups differentiation

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中国数据要素规模估计与结构分析

产业经济 2024年第9期

作者：徐翔田晓轩厉克奥博陈斌开

数据是数字经济时代的关键生产要素。对数据要素规模及其收入分配进行估计与分析，有助于正确理解当前我国的数字经济发展水平，为相关研究提供数据基础。现有研究大多重视数据要素的生产成本或市场价值，缺乏基于信息价值链视角构建的... 详细信息

数据是数字经济时代的关键生产要素。对数据要素规模及其收入分配进行估计与分析，有助于正确理解当前我国的数字经济发展水平，为相关研究提供数据基础。现有研究大多重视数据要素的生产成本或市场价值，缺乏基于信息价值链视角构建的、充分考虑数据价值形成与释放全过程的估计方法。通过改良现有估计方法并对2012-2019年各省份数据要素投资进行测算的结果表明，2019年中国的数据要素投资达到2.05万亿元，较2012年的8712亿元扩大1.35倍，年均增速达13.02％；中国数据要素投资表现出显著的区域不均等特征，将可能导致各省份数据要素存量差距不断拉大，不利于数字经济高质量发展。以上结果充分说明，数据要素在经济增长与初次收入分配中的重要性均不断提升，相关基础制度与政策措施应尽快落地。

关键词：数据要素就业人员工资固定资产投资收入分配 data factor employees' wage fixed asset investment income distribution

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试析我国收入分配中的公平问题

国民经济管理 2004年第1期 44-48页

作者：卜广庆

收入分配公平是一个历史性范畴，它的内涵随生产关系的变化而变化。正确理解我国收入分配的公平，必须搞清楚机会公平与结果公平、收入分配公平与社会主义市场经济的关系，确立初次分配注重效率，再分配注重结果公平的分配范式。在分配... 详细信息

收入分配公平是一个历史性范畴，它的内涵随生产关系的变化而变化。正确理解我国收入分配的公平，必须搞清楚机会公平与结果公平、收入分配公平与社会主义市场经济的关系，确立初次分配注重效率，再分配注重结果公平的分配范式。在分配中，防止平均主义，保持合理差距，反对两极分化，坚持效率优先、兼顾公平的原则，促进我国生产力的发展，不断提高人民群众的生活水平。

关键词：收入分配公平社会主义市场经济 income distribution equity socialist market economy

Scrutinizing distributions Proves That IQ Is Inherited and Explains the Fat Tail

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第10期11卷 957-984页

作者： Michael Grabinski Galiya Klinkova Department of Business and Economics Neu-Ulm University Wileystr Neu-Ulm Germany

The motivation of this paper is to show how to use the information from given distributions and to fit distributions in order to confirm models. Our examples are especially for disciplines slightly away from mathematics. One minor result is that standard deviation and mean are at most a more or less good approximation to determine the best Gaussian fit. In our first example we scrutinize the distribution of the intelligence quotient (IQ). Because it is an almost perfect Gaussian distribution and correlated to the parents’ IQ, we conclude with mathematical arguments that IQ is inherited only which is assumed by mainstream psychologists. Our second example is income distributions. The number of rich people is much higher than any Gaussian distribution would allow. We present a new distribution consisting of a Gaussian plus a modified exponential distribution. It fits the fat tail perfectly. It is also suitable to explain the old problem of fat tails in stock returns.

关键词： Fat Tail income distribution Chaos Finance IQ

Household income Based on a Broad View of Production

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2016年第10期12卷 509-521页

作者： Mitsuhiko Iyoda Momoyama Gakuin University Osaka Japan

This paper considers the real value of unpaid work. Actual living satisfaction depends not only on market income measured using the current concept of GDP, but also on unpaid household production. We try to estimate broad household income in Japan based on 2011 government estimates. We assume three household life stages, each of which consists of three cases categorized by the spouse＇s type of work. The results show that income differences between the three cases were very small and women worked longer hours than men in all household life stages. This reveals a different possible view of income distribution and poverty, in which women are overburdened.

关键词： income distribution unpaid household production household life stages overburdened women

Size and proportion of urban and rural middle-income group in China: A comparative analysis based on CHNS and CHIP data

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Ecological Economy 2017年第3期10卷 202-212页

作者： WU Peng Center for Studies of Hong Kong Macao and Pearl River Delta Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities of MOE Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Guangdong Hong Kong and Macao Development Studies Sun Yat-sen University

To enlarge the middle-income group and construct the "olivary" income distribution becomes one of the important issues of the economic development and income distribution reform in China. The income distribution function is estimated with kernel density, and the income distribution M-curve is constructed with CHNS and CHIP data to calculate the middle-income group. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out for the changing trend of the size and proportion of middle-income group. Research conclusion: it is discovered according to the income distribution M-curve that the key to the enlargement of urban middle-income group lies in the lower middle-income group, while the key to the enlargement of rural middle-income group lies in the improvement of the upper middle-income group. The range of middle-income group is expanding, but due to the small scale, low proportion, and poor stability, it has not developed the "olivary" income distribution structure yet, and income inequality tends to be deepened.

关键词： middle-income group kernel density estimation income distribution M-curve

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Interest and profit

Chinese Business Review 2009年第6期8卷 1-13页

作者： John Smithin Department of Economics and the Schulich School of Business York University Toronto M3J1P3 Canada

This paper argues that it is important to distinguish between the real rate of interest on money and the profitability of business enterprise. The former is a purely financial or monetary phenomenon （as claimed by Keynes） and the latter is in the nature of a surplus over and above the costs of production, including financing costs. There is an inverse relationship between the real rate of interest on money and the average mark-up or profit share. A synthetic theory of profit illustrates these points.

关键词： interest rates profit income distribution classical economics Keynes Marx Kaldor Kalecki

Shifting to a Market-Based Wage- Setting Mechanism for Low-Skilled Labor： Macroeconomic Effects

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China Economist 2012年第3期7卷 18-26页

作者：杨瑞龙杨继东 The Academic Group in Renmin University of China for Analyzing and Forecasting on China＇s Macroeconomy~ Beij＇ing China

After the emergence of a severe labor shortage in 2004, wage levels for rural migrant workers （hereafter referred to as ＂migrant workers ＂） ceased their long time stagnation and began to rise rapidly. This rise can be attributed to various factors, such as demographics, business cycles, policy, and China＇s economic structure. As the wage-setting mechanism for migrant workers changes from traditional minimum wage to negotiated pricing rules subject to the reservation wage, China＇s economy indicates that it is embracing a new era of rapid wage increases. Changes in China＇s income distribution will bring opportunities to the turning point of Kuznets ＂Inverted-U＂ Curve, and allow China to narrow its significant income gap. These changes will transform China＇s economic growth model from one that is export and investment-dependent to one that is driven by domestic consumption.

关键词： low-skilled labor wage-setting mechanism income distribution

The Slow-paced Development of the Middle Stratum in China: Reason Analysis and Solution

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Contemporary Social Sciences 2017年第6期2卷 94-104页

作者： Li Qiang Ge Yanxia Wu Lingwei Tsinghua University National Institute of Social Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciencesz

The comparison study of economic development levels and social structures reveals that the development of China's middle stratum is apparently lagging. Currently, China's GDP per capita is almost equivalent to that of developed economies like Europe and the USA in the middle and late 1970 s, when they became middle-stratum-dominated societies. However, China's middle stratum is still underdeveloped in scale and proportion. Reasons for this are the Chinese household share of wealth distribution is low and wealth polarization is sharp. The solution to this problem is to build a fair environment for wealth creation, let enterprises and government give away part of their income to residents, and increase residents' income. In the short run, China should make plans to increase incomes and develop plans aimed at key groups in a bid to increase the Chinese middle stratum in scale and proportion. Education resources must also be equally distributed, and the under-stratum must be helped to move up the social ladder.

关键词： middle stratum middle-income group social hierarchy social structure income distribution