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Health Care Science 2023年第2期2卷 82-93页

作者： Nicholas Graves Raju Maiti Fazila Abu Bakar Aloweni Ng Yi Zhen Ang Shin Yuh Priya Bishnoi Tze Tec Chong David Carmody Keith Harding Health Services and Systems Research Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Singapore General Hospital SingaporeSingapore Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Wound Care Innovation for the Tropics Programme SingaporeSingapore

Background:Little is known about stage 1 and 2 pressure injuries that are health *** report incidence rates of health care-acquired stage 1 and stage 2 pressure injuries,and,estimate the excess length of stay using four competing analytic *** discuss the merits of the different ***:We calculated monthly incidence rates for stage 1 and 2 health care-acquired pressure injuries occurring in a large Singapore acute care *** estimate excess stay,we conducted unadjusted comparisons with a control cohort,performed linear regression and then generalized linear regression with a gamma ***,we fitted a simple state-based *** design for the cost attribution work was a retrospective matched cohort ***:incidence rates in 2016 were 0.553%(95%confidence interval[CI]0.55,0.557)and 0.469%(95%CI 0.466,0.472)in *** data censored at 60 days’maximum stay,the unadjusted comparisons showed the highest excess stay at 17.68(16.43-18.93)days and multi-state models showed the lowest at 1.22(0.19,2.23)***:Poor-quality methods for attribution of excess length of stay to pressure injury generate inflated estimates that could mislead decision *** findings from the multi-state model,which is an appropriate method,are plausible and illustrate the likely bed-days saved from lowering the risk of these *** 1 and 2 pressure injuries are common and increase costs by prolonging the length of *** will be economic value investing in *** biased estimates of excess length of stay will overstate the potential value of prevention.

关键词： health care-acquired pressure injury incidence rates costs attribution methods

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Spatial patterns and secular trends in human leishmaniasis incidence in Morocco between 2003 and 2013

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 404-416页

作者： Mina Sadeq Environmental Epidemiology Unit National Institute of HygieneMinistry of Health27 Avenue Ibn BattutaBP 769 RabatMorocco

Background:Few studies on spatial patterns or secular trends in human leishmanias have been conducted in *** study aimed to examine spatial patterns and trends associated with the human leishmaniasis incidence rate(HLIR)at the province/prefecture level between 2003 and 2013 in ***:Only the available published country data on the HLIR between 2003 and 2013,from the open access files of the Ministry of Health,were *** trends were examined using Kendall’s rank *** exploratory spatial data analysis was also conducted to examine the spatial autocorrelation(Global Moran’s I and local indicator of spatial association[LISA]),and spatial diffusion at the province/prefecture *** influence of various covariates(poverty rate,vulnerability rate,population density,and urbanization)on the HLIR was tested via spatial regression(ordinary least squares regression).Results:At the country level,no secular variation was *** annual incidence rate estimates were 13 per 100000 population(95%CI=12.9–13.1)for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)and 0.4 per 100000 population(95%CI=0.4–0.5)for visceral leishmaniasis(VL).The available data on HLIR were based on combined CL and VL cases,however,as the CL cases totally outnumbered the VL ones,HLIR may be considered as CL incidence *** the provincial level,a secular increase in the incidence rate was observed in Al Hoceima(P=0.008),Taounate(P=0.04),Larache(P=0.002),Tétouan(P=0.0003),Khenifra(P=0.008),Meknes(P=0.03),and El Kelaa(P=0.0007),whereas a secular decrease was observed only in the Chichaoua province(P=0.006).Even though increased or decreased rate was evident in these provinces,none of them showed clustering of leishmaniasis *** spatial clusters of high leishmaniasis incidence were located in the northeastern part of Morocco,while spatial clusters of low leishmaniasis incidence were seen in some northwestern and southern parts of Morocco;there was spatial randomness i

关键词： Human leishmaniasis Epidemiology incidence rates Spatial patterns Secular trends Morocco

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Assessment of Hypertension-Induced Deaths in Ghana: A Nation-Wide Study from 2012 to 2016

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2020年第3期8卷 158-170页

作者： David Adedia Livingstone Asem Simon Kojo Appiah Salifu Nanga Yeboah Boateng Kwabena O. Duedu Lotsi Anani Department of Basic Sciences School of Basic & Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Globally, hypertension is one of the leading causes of death. It can potentially lead to heart disease and stroke, among others, that could result to premature death. In Ghana, hypertension is considered as a disease that contributes to an increase in outpatients’ attendance. To assess the trend differentials of hypertension-induced deaths in Ghana, Chi-square test for equal proportions and Marascuilo procedure for pairwise comparison were performed using surveillance data on reported number of deaths from 2012 to 2016 across the then ten regions. The results show that incidence of hypertension-induced mortality was significantly different for almost all the regions and over the years. The incidence of hypertension-induced mortality has significantly reduced from 2012 to 2016. However, Volta Region recorded the highest incidence of mortality cases (p-value less of 0.0001) than the other regions during the period under review, while the Upper East Region recorded continuous increase in incidence of mortality cases with the highest in 2016. The Eastern Region, Central Region, and Greater Accra Region recorded significantly (p-value less of 0.0001) higher incidence of hypertension-induced mortality than the Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo Region, Northern Region, Western Region and Upper West Region. The Upper West Region and Western Region had the lowest incidence of mortality. The decline in trend of hypertension-induced mortality could be attributed to some healthcare interventions put in place during the period. One of these interventions was the introduction of health insurance in 2003, a development which has been shown to affect the health seeking behaviors of the people. It is, therefore, important to investigate factors affecting these spatial and temporal dynamics in order to determine appropriate ways to actively control the hypertension-induced deaths in the country. Public education on health should be intensified so as to totally curb hypert

关键词： Hypertension Hypertension-Induced Mortality Chi-Square Test Marascuilo Test incidence rates Ghana

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Spatiotemporal analysis,hotspot mapping,and clustering of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the initial phase of the pandemic in Qom province,Iran

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Journal of Acute Disease 2021年第4期10卷 150-154,I0001页

作者： Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi Shahram Arsang-Jang Ehsan Sharifipour Alireza Koohpaei Mostafa Vahedian Narges Mohammadsalehi Masoud Jafaresmaeili Moharam Karami Siamak Mohebi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Center for Environmental SciencesFaculty of HealthQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Faculty of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran Neuroscience Research Center Department of NeurologyFaculty of MedicineQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Occupational Health Faculty of HealthQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Social Medicine Faculty of MedicineQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Health Vic Chancellor Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran Department of Health Education Faculty of HealthQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran

Objective:To identify the incidence rate,relative risk,hotspot regions and incidence trend of COVID-19 in Qom province,northwest part of Iran in the first stage of the ***:The study included 1125 officially reported PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 20 February 2020 to 20 April 2020 in 90 regions in Qom city,*** Bayesian hierarchical spatial model was used to model the relative risk of COVID-19 in Qom city,and the segmented regression model was used to estimate the trend of COVID-19 incidence *** Poisson distribution was applied for the observed number of COVID-19,and independent Gamma prior was used for inference on log-relative risk parameters of the ***:The total incidence rate of COVID-19 was estimated at 89.5 per 100000 persons in Qom city(95%CI:84.3,95.1).According to the results of the Bayesian hierarchical spatial model and posterior probabilities,43.33%of the regions in Qom city have relative risk greater than 1;however,only 11.11%of them were significantly greater than *** on Geographic Information Systems(GIS)spatial analysis,10 spatial clusters were detected as active and emerging hotspot areas in the south and central parts of the *** downward trend was estimated 10 days after the reporting of the first case(February 7,2020);however,the incidence rate was decreased by an average of 4.24%per day(95%CI:−10.7,−3.5).Conclusions:Spatial clusters with high incidence rates of COVID-19 in Qom city were in the south and central regions due to the high population *** GIS could depict the spatial hotspot clusters of COVID-19 for timely surveillance and decision-making as a way to contain the disease.

关键词： 2019 coronavirus disease Geographic information science incidence rates Spatial cluster Spatial hotspot Mapping

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Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Young Women of the Arabian Gulf Region: Relationship to Age

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第3期6卷 173-182页

作者： Sarah Al-Gahtani Suhair Abozaid Elham Al-Nami Leen Merie Ayana Al-Yousef Mohamed M. Shoukri College of Medicine Al-Maarefa University of Science and Technology Riyadh KSA Department of Immunity and Infection Research Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center Ri-yadh KSA Department of Cell Biology Research Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center Riyadh KSA College of Medicine Al-Faisal University Riyadh KSA

It is widely known that cancer is a disease of “old-age”. However available data show that this is not the case for many types of cancers. incidences of breast and ovarian cancers have varying rates of change with age. Breast cancer data of Arabian-gulf women, show that the incidence rates increase with age and reach a maximum at 39 year. It then declines linearly with age to about 55 years. The rate of increase and its changes with age are similar to those of many other countries. In the premenopausal phase the relationship between incidence and age could be adequately modeled using a linear model for the logarithmic transformations of age and incidence. Similar observations are made for the ovarian cancer incidences. Results: It is shown that the rate of increase in breast and ovarian cancer incidence with respect to age is increasing in the premenopausal ages. Moreover, the burden of the disease with respect to mortality and “Disability Adjusted Life Years” or DALY, varied considerably among the six gulf countries. Conclusions: We conclude, based on the age incidence relationship that the number of cancer cases may double in the next period that follows our study period (1998-2009). Moreover, if the six countries have identical relationship between age and the two types of cancer, there should be an integrated and unified effort to have a common strategy for prevention and control.

关键词： Gulf Cancer Registry Breast and Ovarian Cancers Risk Factors DALY incidence rates Linear Models

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