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China CDC weekly 2022年第33期4卷 735-740页

作者： Cao Chen Qi Shi Kang Xiao Wei Zhou Chen Gao Liping Gao Jun Han Jichun Wang Xiaoping Dong State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral DiseasesNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan CityHubei ProvinceChina China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences BeijingChina Division of Science and Technology Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety Shanghai MunicipalityChina

Unlike infectious diseases caused by conventional microbes,there are no detectable specific humoral or cellular immunoresponses to prion infection.However,extensive and active gliosis is observable in affected brain regions along with significant deposits of scrapielike prion protein(PrP^(Sc)).Here,we summarize our studies of vibrant activation of host non-specific immunocomponents and autophagy in the microenvironment of prion infected brains.Activation of the brain’s innate Immunity and autophagy upon prion infection reflect non-specific host defense systems attempt to dispose of accumulated prions.Vibrant elevation of neuroinflammation leads to neuron injury.

关键词： PrP Immunity activation

Immunobiodiversity:Conserved and specific Immunity across land plants and beyond

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 92-111页

作者： Baptiste Castel Karima El Mahboubi Christophe Jacquet Pierre-Marc Delaux Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales(LRSV) Universitéde ToulouseCNRSUPSToulouse INPCastanet-TolosanFrance

Angiosperms represent most plants that humans cultivate,grow,and eat.However,angiosperms are only one of five major land plant lineages.As a whole lineage,plants also include algal groups.All these clades represent a tremendous genetic diversity that can be investigated to reveal the evolutionary history of any given mechanism.In this review,we describe the current model of the plant immune system,discuss its evolution based on the recent literature,and propose future directions for the field.In angiosperms,plant–microbe interactions have been intensively studied,revealing essential cell surface and intracellular immune receptors,as well as metabolic and hormonal defense pathways.Exploring diversity at the genomic and functional levels demonstrates the conservation of these pathways across land plants,some of which are beyond plants.On basis of the conserved mechanisms,lineage-specific variations have occurred,leading to diversified reservoirs of immune mechanisms.In rare cases,this diversity has been harnessed and successfully transferred to other species by integration of wild immune receptors or engineering of novel forms of receptors for improved resistance to pathogens.We propose that exploring further the diversity of immune mechanisms in the whole plant lineage will reveal completely novel sources of resistance to be deployed in crops.

关键词： evolution MPMI Immunity plant evoMPMI symbiosis

The NAC transcription factor ONAC083 negatively regulates rice Immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae by directly activating transcription of the RING-H2 gene OsRFPH2-6

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第3期65卷 854-875页

作者： Yan Bi Hui Wang Xi Yuan Yuqing Yan Dayong Li Fengming Song National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

NAC transcription factors(TFs) play critical roles in plant Immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogenand defense phytohormone-inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice(Oryza sativa) Immunity.ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083enhances rice Immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen-induced defense responses, and boosting chitin-induced pattern-triggered Immunity(PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083-binding sites in the promoters of 82genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2-6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2-6, encoding a RING-H2 protein with an N-terminal transmembrane region and a C-terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice Immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice Immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2-6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice Immunity.

关键词： ACGCAA element Immunity Magnaporthe oryzae ONAC083 OsRFPH2-6 rice

Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host Immunity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 2466-2514页

作者： Lijuan Fan Yaoyao Xia Youxia Wang Dandan Han Yanli Liu Jiahuan Li Jie Fu Leli Wang Zhending Gan Bingnan Liu Jian Fu Congrui Zhu Zhenhua Wu Jinbiao Zhao Hui Han Hao Wu Yiwen He Yulong Tang Qingzhuo Zhang Yibin Wang Fan Zhang Xin Zong Jie Yin Xihong Zhou Xiaojun Yang Junjun Wang Yulong Yin Wenkai Ren Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine IndustryCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityXi’an 712100China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China

Dietary nutrients and the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and entrain each other,and thus affect host health and immune-mediated diseases.Here,we systematically review the current understanding linking dietary nutrients to gut microbiota-host immune interactions,emphasizing how this axis might influence host Immunity in health and diseases.Of relevance,we highlight that the implications of gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of immune-associated diseases.

关键词： amino acid carbohydrate lipid trace element vitamin gut microbiota Immunity

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide regulates colonic Immunity through mesenteric lymphatic circulation to attenuate ulcerative colitis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2023年第4期21卷 263-278页

作者： LIU Yang DONG Yahui SHEN Wei DU Jiahui SUN Quanwei YANG Ye YIN Denke School of Pharmacy Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei 230012China Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics Anhui Education Department(AUCM)Hefei 230012China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application Hefei 230021China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research&Development of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230021China

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide(PGP)is one of the main components of P.grandiflorus,but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect has not been fully elucidated.The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PGP on mice with dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and explore the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that PGP treatment inhibited the weight loss of DSS-induced UC mice,increased colon length,and reduced DAI,spleen index,and pathological damage within the colon.PGP also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the enhancement of oxidative stress and MPO activity.Meanwhile,PGP restored the levels of Th1,Th2,Th17,and Treg cell-related cytokines and transcription factors in the colon to regulate colonic Immunity.Further studies revealed that PGP regulated the balance of colonic immune cells through mesenteric lymphatic circulation.Taken together,PGP exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect and regulates colonic Immunity to attenuate DSS-induced UC through mesenteric lymphatic circulation.

关键词： Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide Ulcerative colitis Immunity Mesenteric lymphatic circulation

BET in hematologic tumors:Immunity,pathogenesis,clinical trials and drug combinations

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2306-2319页

作者： Tao Ma Yan Chen Zhi-Gang Yi Yan-Hong Li Jun Bai Li-Juan Li Lian-Sheng Zhang Department of Hematology The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000China Department of Hematology Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouGansu 730000China

The bromodomain and extra-terminal(BET)proteins act as“readers”for lysine acetylation and facilitate the recruitment of transcriptional elongation complexes.BET protein is associated with transcriptional elongation of genes such as c-MYC and BCL-2,and is involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.Meanwhile,BET inhibitors(BETi)have regulatory effects on immune checkpoints,immune cells,and cytokine expression.The role of BET proteins and BETi in a variety of tumors has been studied.This paper reviews the recent research progress of BET and BETi in hematologic tumors(mainly leukemia,lymphoma and multiple myeloma)from cellular level studies,animal studies,clinical trials,drug combination,etc.BETi has a promising future in hematologic tumors,and future research directions may focus on the combination with other drugs to improve the efficacy.

关键词： BET BRD4 Clinical trials Hematologic tumors Immunity MYC

Spraying compound probiotics improves growth performance and Immunity and modulates gut microbiota and blood metabolites of suckling piglets

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 1092-1107页

作者： Weiqiang Huang Teng Ma Yiqun Liu Lai-Yu Kwok Yalin Li Hao Jin Feiyan Zhao Xin Shen Xuan Shi Zhihong Sun Heping Zhang Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid(CPFL)into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and Immunity.This work included 68 piglets,which were randomized into probiotic and control groups.Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0,3,7,14,and 21 days of age.Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment,increased piglets’daily weight gain and weaning weight(PImmunity,and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism.Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.

关键词： compound probiotic fermented liquid gut microbiota Immunity piglets serum metabolites

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular adaptations underlying distinct Immunity and inverted resting posture in bats

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 493-505页

作者： Jinwei WU Libiao ZHANG Chao SHEN Simon Yung Wa SIN Caoqi LEI Huabin ZHAO Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education China Three Gorges UniversityYichangChina Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina College of Life Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to their speciﬁc traits of extraordinary Immunity and inverted resting posture.However,genomic resources for bats that occupy key phylogenetic positions are not sufﬁcient,which hinders comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the origin of speciﬁc traits in bats.Here,we sequenced the transcriptomes of 5 bats that are phylo-genetically divergent and occupy key positions in the phylogenetic tree of bats.In combination with the available genomes of 19 bats and 21 other mammals,we built a database consisting of 10918 one-to-one ortholog genes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of these mammals.We found that genes related to Immunity,bone remodeling,and cardiovascular system are targets of natural selection along the ancestral branch of bats.Further analyses revealed that the T cell receptor signaling pathway involved in immune adaptation is speciﬁcally enriched in bats.Moreover,molecular adaptations of bone remodeling,cardiovascular system,and balance sensing may help to explain the reverted resting posture in bats.Our study provides valuable transcriptome resources,enabling us to tentatively identify genetic changes associated with bat-speciﬁc traits.This work is among theﬁrst to advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of inverted resting posture in bats,which could provide insight into healthcare applications such as hypertension in humans.

关键词： adaptation bats Immunity resting posture transcriptome

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跷跷板运动:平衡植物免疫与生长

Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 3-6页

作者：邓一文何祖华 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Plants face the constant challenge of allocating limited resources to both Immunity and growth to ensure survival and reproduction,therefore,one major aim of crop breeding is to balance disease resistance with yield.This review highlights the intricate interplay between plant Immunity and growth,shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential strategies for optimizing these vital agronomic traits.We discuss the role of signaling pathways,epigenetic regulation,long non-coding RNAs,and post-translational modifications in mediating the balance between Immunity and growth.We also highlight recent findings on the rewiring of signals of Immunity and growth which provide valuable insights into manipulation of these pathways for crop improvement.By understanding the fine-tuning mechanisms of plant Immunity and growth,we can develop innovative approaches to enhance disease resistance in future crops without compromising yield potential.

关键词： Immunity 植物免疫 crops

Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell Immunity during early-life health in pigs

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中国科学:生命科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 1994-2005页

作者： Shunshun Jin Liuqin He Chengbo Yang Xinmiao He Heshu Chen Yanzhong Feng Wenjie Tang Jianzhong Li Di Liu Tiejun Li Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T2N2Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086China Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animal Science AcademyChengdu 610066China

With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation,and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements(e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell Immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell Immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell Immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.

关键词： trace elements T cells pig gut Immunity