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Global dynamics of a tumor-immune model with an immune checkpoint inhibitor

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 205-228页

作者： Fangfang He Huiyan Zhu Jinzhang Lin Yingchen Ou College of Mathematics and Physics University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001P.R.China

In this paper,a mathematical ordinary differential tumor-immune model is proposed based on an immune checkpoint inhibitor,which is an innovative method for tumor *** important factors in tumor-immune response are the programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and its ligand *** model consists of three populations:tumor cells,activated T cells and *** analyzing the dynamics of the model,it is found that there is always a unique tumor-free equilibrium and at most two tumor interior *** nonexistence of nontrivial positive periodic orbits is established by using the new Dulac function,and then a global dynamics of the model is *** conclusions of our analysis show that increasing the possibility of T cells killing tumor cells(p),early detection of tumor cells,or the use of PD-1 inhibitors to activate T cells are effective in eliminating tumor cells.

关键词： Tumor-immune model immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 PD-L1 anti-PD-1

Managing immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis: Insights and strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第24期30卷 3120-3122页

作者： Li-Li Yu Zhi-Lin He Xin-Lai Qian Department of Pathology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003Henan ProvinceChina Department of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003Henan ProvinceChina

关键词： Immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastritis immune-related adverse events Autoimmune responses

Gastric microbiota transplantation as a potential treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第24期30卷 3123-3125页

作者： Bo-Tong Ma Li-Xuan Sang Bing Chang Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001Liaoning ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110022Liaoning ProvinceChina

immune-related adverse events(irAEs)are complications of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).ICI-associated gastritis is one of the main *** gastric microbiota is often related to the occurrence and development of many gastric *** microbiota adjustment may be used to treat gastric disorders in the *** microbiota transplantation can alter the gut microbiota of patients and has been used for treating ICI-associated ***,we propose gastric microbiota transplantation as a supplementary treatment for patients with ICI-associated gastritis who do not respond well to conventional therapy.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events Gastritis Gastric microbiota transplantation Probiotics

Metastatic stomach lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1436-1442页

作者： Guo-Feng Chen Jun Wang Yu Yan Song Xu Jian Chen Department of Gastroenterology Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Cancer Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PLELC)is a rare type of nonsmall-cell lung *** lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(LELC)metastasis secondary to PLELC has not been reported *** SUMMARY A 64-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for a regular gastroscopy examination with a 6-year history of surgical resection for left *** emission tomography/computed tomography suggested high accumulation of 18F-fludeoxyglucose in the gastric cardia *** gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed a large mass at the stomach ***(IHC)of the biopsy suggested metastatic stomach *** gastrectomy showed that this 6.5 cm×5.0 cm mass was located in the stomach fundus near the *** examination showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with prominent lymphoplasmacytic *** demonstrated that the tumor was positive for CK(AE1/AE3),p63,p40,p53,Ki-67(70%),and EGFR(3+)and negative for CK7,CK20,Her2,and *** situ hybridization analysis showed positive staining Epstein-Barr virus-encoded *** programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression score was 98%,and the combined positive score was 100,with no evidence of microsatellite ***,the patient was unequivocally diagnosed with metastatic stomach LELC secondary to pulmonary *** discharge,this patient underwent PD-1 inhibitor treatment(toripalimab,240 mg)every 3 wk for ten cycles,and she has had no tumor *** For gastric LELC metastasis,PD-1 inhibitor therapy could become a new therapeutic approach,though there is still no evidence from large data sets to support this.

关键词： Stomach neoplasm Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma Metastasis immune checkpoint inhibitor Case report

Acute coronary syndrome in a patient with gastric cancer treated by immune checkpoint inhibitor: A case report

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Malignancy Spectrum 2024年第2期1卷 136-140页

作者： Bin Guan Lingyun Zhang Shan Yu Department of Medical Oncology Jinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Medical Oncology Shanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghaiChina Department of Medical Oncology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Objective:To highlight the incidence and management of acute coronary syndrome(ACS)in patients with gastric cancer undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)therapy,emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention in this high-risk *** and methods:We presented a case of a 71-year-old male patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum,clinical stage cT4N2M0,phase III,with no prior history of chronic diseases or cardiovascular risk *** patient was treated with a combination of ICI therapy(sintilimab)and chemotherapy using the albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with S1 *** therapy,he developed symptoms and diagnostic findings consistent with ACS,which was managed with percutaneous coronary ***:The patient's presentation with ACS during ICI therapy underscored the potential cardiovascular risks associated with cancer treatments,particularly in patients without traditional cardiovascular risk *** involved collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists,leading to successful coronary stenting and continuation of antitumor ***:ACS is a significant risk in patients with malignancies undergoing ICI therapy,even in those without prior cardiovascular *** recognition and management of ACS in this context are crucial to enable the continuation of cancer treatment and improve patient *** case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing complex patients with concurrent cancer and cardiovascular disease.

关键词： gastric cancer acute coronary syndrome immune checkpoint inhibitor

immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated ophthalmic adverse events: current understanding of its mechanisms,diagnosis, and management

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第4期15卷 646-656页

作者： Yu-Wen Zhou Qian Xu Yan Wang Ruo-Lan Xia Ji-Yan Liu Xue-Lei Ma Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina West China Medical Publishers West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Oncology West China Hospitalthe First People’s Hospital of Long Quan Yi DistrictChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 receptor/ligand have revolutionized cancer treatment, achieving unprecedented efficacy in numerous malignancies. Despite the excellent therapeutic effects of ICIs, medications, such as pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab, typically cause a broad spectrum of toxicity events termed as immune-related adverse events(ir AEs). Out of all ir AEs, ophthalmic adverse events occur infrequently and are not comprehensively recognized. The current understanding of ophthalmic ir AEs is mainly derived from case reports and case series. In this review, based on relevant articles in the literature and current evidence, we summarize the incidences, manifestations, diagnoses, underlying mechanisms, treatments, and outcomes of ophthalmic ir AEs and discuss possible management strategies. A better understanding of these features is critical for managing patients with ICI-associated ophthalmic adverse events.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor ophthalmological adverse events uveitis neuro-ophthalmic toxicity retinopathy

immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-induced autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome typeⅡand Crohn's disease:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第14期11卷 3267-3274页

作者： Mei-Juan Gao Yan Xu Wen-Bo Wang Department of Endocrinology Peking University Shougang HospitalBeijing 100041China

BACKGROUND The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has heralded a new era in cancer treatment,enabling the possibility of long-term survival in patients with metastatic ***,ICIs are increasingly implicated in the development of autoimmune *** SUMMARY We present a man with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx on a combination of teriprizumab,docetaxel,and cisplatin therapy who developed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome typeⅡ(APS-2)including thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus and Crohn’s disease(CD).He developed thirst,abdominal pain,and fatigue after two-week treatment with the protein 1 ligand inhibitor *** confirmed APS-2 and *** was commenced on an insulin ***,his abdominal pain ***-up surgery confirmed CD and his abdominal pain was relieved by *** was continued on insulin and mesalazine *** Immunotherapy can affect all kinds of *** clinical symptoms cannot be explained by a single disease,clinicians should consider the possibility of multisystem damage.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor Programmed cell death protein 1 ligand Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II Type 1 diabetes mellitus Thyroiditis Crohn’s disease Case report

The mechanism and risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2020年第3期17卷 599-611页

作者： Xiaoyang Zhai Jian Zhang Yaru Tian Ji Li Wang Jing Hongbo Guo Hui Zhu Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China Department of Thoracic Surgery Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute affiliated with Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China

immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are new and promising therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,along with demonstrating remarkable efficacy,ICIs can also trigger immune-related adverse *** inhibitor pneumonitis(CIP)has been reported to have a morbidity rate of 3%to 5%and a mortality rate of 10%to 17%.Moreover,the incidence of CIP in NSCLC is higher than that in other tumor types,reaching 7%to 13%.With the increased use of ICIs in NSCLC,CIP has drawn extensive attention from oncologists and cancer *** high risk factors for CIP and the potential mechanism of CIP are key points in preventing and monitoring serious adverse *** this review,the results of our analysis and summary of previous studies suggested that the risk factors for CIP may include previous lung disease,prior thoracic irradiation,and combinations with other *** review also explored potential mechanisms closely related toCIP,including increasedT cell activity against associated antigens in tumor and normal tissues,preexisting autoantibodies,and inflammatory cytokines.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor non-small-cell lung cancer pneumonitis risk factors

Multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第35期10卷 13108-13114页

作者： Lu Lu Li Sha Yu Feng Liang Yan Department of Gastroenterology Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032China Department of General Surgery Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200021China

BACKGROUND immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are a new class of antitumor drugs that have been approved to treat a variety of malignant ***,the occurrence of immune related adverse events(irAEs)has become an important reason for terminating *** sometimes lead to diarrhea and colitis,with severe enterocolitis potentially causing the hemorrhage of the lower gastrointestinal tract and colonic ***-associated colitis is primarily treated with glucorticosteroids and/or agents targeting tumor necrosis factor-α.Here,we describe a case of severe ICI-associated colitis due to anti-programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)(durvalumab)treatment for small cell lung cancer with liver *** patient exhibited a poor response to rescuable therapy,and eventually received a laparoscopic subtotal colectomy and *** data presented here will contribute to optimizing current treatment strategies for patients with severe ICI-associated *** SUMMARY A 71-year-old man was admitted for a second course of anti-PD-L1+IP(durvalumab+irinotecan+cisplatin)treatment to manage lung cancer with liver metastasis,diagnosed 1 mo *** days after the second dose,the patient developed abdominal pain and bloody *** to the anti-PD-L1 medication history and colonoscopy findings of the patient,he was diagnosed with a colitis associated with ICI *** treatment with sufficient glucocorticoids and two courses of infliximab,the patient developed severe lower gastrointestinal *** adequate assessment,the patient was treated by laparoscopic surgery,and was discharged in stable *** The early screening and hierarchical management of irAEs need the joint participation of a multidisciplinary *** ICI-related colitis with ineffective medical treatment,timely surgical intervention could prevent the death of patients.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor Colitis Programmed cell death ligand 1 Infliximab Laparoscopic surgery Case report