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Effects of Interface on the Dynamic Hysteresis Loss and Static Mechanical Properties of illite Filled SBR Composites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第11期40卷 1493-1502页

作者： Zhe-Peng Wang Hao Zhang Qiang Liu Shao-Juan Wang Shou-Ke Yan Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of EducationQingdao University of Science&TechnologyQingdao266042China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China

Despite growing interest in nano-sized fillers,micro-sized fillers with desired compatibility are still used for reinforcing rubbers,owing to their lower production cost and easier processing relative to nano-sized fillers.Especially,the abundant and eco-friendly clay minerals are recognized as the materials of the twenty-first century.Herein,illite,a naturally occurring clay having dimension in micrometric scale,has been selected as filler to reinforce the SBR.To improve the compatibility of illite with SBR,the illite was modified by either bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide(Si69-illite)or 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane(KH580-illite).The interfacial interactions of SBR composites filled with pristine illite(illite/SBR)and Si69-illite(Si69-illite/SBR),or KH580-illite(KH580-illite/SBR)were characterized by bound rubber content and Payne effect measurements,while dynamic hysteresis losses of these uncured and cured composites were also analyzed under various strain amplitudes.It was found that the filler-rubber interactions were greatly improved for Si69-illite/SBR and KH580-illite/SBR systems compared to the illite/SBR composite.This leads to an increment of modulus at 300%strain of the composites from 3.46 MPa for illite/SBR to 7.70 MPa for Si69-illite/SBR and12.96 MPa for KH580-illite/SBR.Moreover,lower rolling resistance and better wear resistance without compromising wet traction of Si69-illite/SBR and KH580-illite/SBR have been achieved.This demonstrates the high possibility of Si69 and KH580 modified illites as promising alternative fillers for reinforcing rubbers.

关键词： illite SBR Composite Dynamic hysteresis loss Static mechanical properties

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The effect of pH on the sorption of gold nanoparticles on illite

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第2期39卷 172-180页

作者： Yuhong Fu Quan Wan Zonghua Qin Xin Nie Wenbin Yu Shanshan Li School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081GuizhouChina CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025.GuizhouChina

Sorption between nanoparticles(NPs)and minerals may critically affect the migration of associated elements as well as the environmental impact of NPs.Since illite is widely present in soil,sediment,and water,we have experimentally investigated the sorption behavior of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)as model NPs on illite under different pH and mineral mass conditions.We demonstrated that sorption of these negatively charged AuNPs strongly depended on the suspension pH.At pH above 8,which coincided with the apparent point of zero charge(pH 7.9)of our illite sample,only marginal sorption of AuNPs was observed.At pH 3-8,significant sorption of AuNPs on illite was found,with almost complete sorption occurring at more acidic conditions(pH 3-4).TEM observations revealed that sorption took place through the attachment AuNPs on illite edges.At pH 2,AuNPs mostly formed chain-like fused structures and precipitated out of the suspension.Based upon the above pH dependence,residual organic ligand content after sorption,and complementary sorption results with positively charged AuNPs,we conclude that the sorption process is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged AuNPs and positively charged illite edges,with possible competitive involvement of citrate molecules.We expect that our findings will improve our understanding of NP-mineral interaction and the environmental fate of NPs.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles illite Sorption Charge Electrostatic interaction

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A comparative study on the illite crystallinity and the clay mineral reflectance spectral index for subdividing the very low-grade metamorphic belt along the Lizhou-Hekou geological section in the Youjiang sedimentary basin, Guangxi, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 834-845页

作者： YAN Shouxun Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400—2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kbler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KID2q° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KID2q° ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KID2q° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KID2q° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kbler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217—2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214—2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205—2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors.

关键词： illite crystallinity, Kiibler index, XRD measurement, Lizhou-Hekou geological section, very low-grade metamorphic belt, VIS-SWIR reflectance spectrum, change of spectral absorption center.

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Kinetic model for the smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第12期43卷 1042-1044页

作者： Ji Junfeng P. R. L. Browne Liu Yingjun Wang Henian Nanjing Univ Dept Earth Sci Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Univ Auckland Geothermal Inst Auckland 1 New Zealand Univ Auckland Dept Geol Auckland 1 New Zealand

The smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems of New Zealand can be simulated by a first_order reaction kinetic model, which provides direct estimates about the minumum ages of active geothermal systems themselves. The derived kinetic values show that the smectite to illite transformation is sensitive to both temperature and time.

关键词： illite smectite kinetic model active geothermal system.

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Alkylammonium cations treating and K-Ar dating of illite from mudstones

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第19期47卷 1669-1672页

作者： YANG Zhongfang JI Junfeng CHE Chen ZHOU Fengying China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research Institute of Surfacial GeochemistryDepartment of Earth SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Deposit Institute of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

Two kinds of mudstones from the Tarim Basin and the Tuna Basin were treated with C8 and C18 alkylammonium cations. Both of them were dated by the K-Ar method. One kind of rock contains mainly diagenetic illite, and the other contains mixed layer illite/smectite (I/S). Sample separation and alkylamnionium cations treatment were performed first, and K-Ar dating followed. The result shows that fine-grained minerals have younger K-Ar ages and coarse-grained components have older ages. Plots of K-Ar age versus K2O (%) are linear, the range of diagenetic age can be estimated by extrapolation. The reaction results of the above samples are different after alkylamnionium cations treatments. The samples containing mainly illite show a decrease in K2O and an increase in age by 1-25 Ma, suggesting that preferential exchange of young diagenetic clay rather than detrital clay by alkylamnionium cations, therefore the age of diagenetic illite can be calculated directly by the % K2O and radiogenic 40Ar removed. For the

关键词： alkylammonium cations illite K/Ar date mudstone.

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Experiment of the ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar dating of diagenetic illite in gas reservoirs

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第S1期49卷 89-93页

作者： WANG Longzhang, DAI Tongmo & PENG Ping’an State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China Faculty of Resources, Chinese University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry CAS Guangzhou China Faculty of Resources Chinese University of Geosciences Wuhan China

40Ar/39Ar dating of diagenetic illite has been performed to investigate gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field of the northern Ordos Basin. A series of technical challenges were confronted, including illite purification, Ar recoil loss, and separation of diagenetic illite from detrital illite. Mineral growth ages for diagenetic illite were obtained by this experiment, from which the age of gas emplacement was deduced to be later than 169 Ma.

关键词： 40Ar/39Ar dating diagenetic illite purification of clay minerals Ar recoil loss time of gas emplacement.

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THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDY ON THE MIXED LAYER OF illite AND CHLORITE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第24期37卷 2067-2070页

作者：张立飞王启明 Department of Geology Peking University Beijing 100871 PRC Electron Microscope Lab. Peking University Beijing 100871 PRC

Clay minerals having the same type of octahedral layer commonly occur as mixed layers. With the application of electron microscopy in day mineralogy, it is recognized that clay minerals which have different octahedral sheets can also form mixed layers, such as the mixed layer of illite and chlorite which has been well studied. However, there are different opinions on its origin. Based on the study of transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

关键词： mixed layer illite and chlorite electron microscopy

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The Effection of Authigenic illite on Relatively High-quality Tight Sandstones Reservoirs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 427-430页

作者： YAN Ming Northeast Petroleum University

1 Introduction The relatively high-quality tight sandstones reservoirs is the emphasis of oil exploration phase. Generally dense cases with high pore throat may gather a lot of oil. The quality of high-quality reservoirs is not only determined by the rock size, sedimentary environment and so on, clay minerals also affects the distribution of high quality reservoirs in great degree.

关键词： illite CLAY minerals SANDSTONE PETROLEUM reservoirs PETROLEUM prospecting PETROLEUM geology

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Ore-forming fluid constraints on illite crystallinity(IC)at Dexing porphyry copper deposit,Jiangxi Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第2期44卷 177-184页

作者：金章东朱金初季峻峰卢新卫李福春 State Key Laboratory for Research of Mineral Deposits Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Lake Sediment and Environment Laboratory Nanjing Institute of Geogra phy&LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

illite, a distinctive kind of clay minerals of potassiumalteration within the hydrothermal alteration zone, frequently occurs at the Tongchang porphyry copper deposit ore field. The illite crystallinity (IC) value and expandability are mainly affected by water/rock ratio or fluid flux. It was formed by illitization of plagioclase and micas during hydrothermal fluid-rock interaction within the porphyry body and near the contact zone with wall rocks. Moreover, the negative correlation between illite index (IC) and copper grade indicates that within the alteration zone, the smaller the illite crystallinity value, the higher the alteration degree, and the higher the copper grade due to higher water/rock ratio. At lower levels of the porphyry body, however, the illite crystallinity (IC) values are mainly controlled by temperature and time duration.

关键词： illite kübler index ore-forming fluid porphyry copper deposit

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Detrital K-feldspar^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Ages:Source Constraints of the Lower Miocene Sandstones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第2期86卷 383-392页

作者： LIU Zaisheng SHI Hesheng ZHU Junzhang QIU Huaning ZHANG Zhilin YUN Jianbing CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Shenzhen 518067China State Key Laboratory of Isotopic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Hailaer Petroleum Exploration and Development Headquarters PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.Hailar 021000China

The South China Sea began to outspread in the Oligocene. A great quantity of terraneous detritus was deposited in the northern continental shelf of the sea, mostly in Pearl River Mouth Basin, which constituted the main paleo-Pearl River Delta. The delta developed for a long geological time and formed a superimposed area. Almost all the oil and gas fields of detrital rock reservoir distribute in this delta. Thirty-three oil sandstone core samples in the Zhujiang Formation, lower Miocene （23-16 Ma）, were collected from nine wells. The illite samples with detrital K feldspar （Kfs） separated from these sandstone cores in four sub-structural belts were analysed by the high-precision 40Ar/39Ar laser stepwise heating technique. All 33 illite 40Ar/39Ar data consistently yielded gradually rising age spectra at the low-temperature steps until reaching age plateaus at mid-high temperature steps. The youngest ages corresponding to the beginning steps were interpreted as the hydrocarbon accumulation ages and the plateau ages in mid-high temperature steps as the contributions of the detrital feldspar representing the ages of the granitic parent rocks in the provenances. The ages of the detrital feldspar from the Zhujiang Formation in the four sub-structural belts were different：（1） the late Cretaceous ages in the Lufeng 13 fault structural belt; （2） the late Cretaceous and early Cretaceous-Jurassic ages in the Huizhou 21 buried hill-fault belt; （3） the Jurassic and Triassic ages in the Xijiang 24 buried hill-fault belt; and （4） the early Cretaceous - late Jurassic ages in the Panyu 4 oil area. These detrital feldspar 4~Ar/39Ar ages become younger and younger from west to east, corresponding to the age distribution of the granites in the adjacent Guangdong Province, Southern China.

关键词： illite detrital K feldspar 40Ar/39Ar dating parent rock sandstone reservoir Pearl River Mouth Basin

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