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Illegal logging in ASEAN:status,cause,impacts and management process

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Ecological Economy 2016年第4期9卷 343-359页

作者： GUAN Zhi-ji GONG Pei-che School of Business Changzhou University Department of Forest Economics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Illegal logging has become a serious problem in forest management in ASEAN. In the paper, the Illegal logging status in ASEAN is introduced, and it is sure that Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia are production countries, Thailand and Vietnam are the processing countries, and Philippines, Singapore are consumer countries in the whole supply chain of Illegal logging. As well, the trade flows of illegal forest products of ASEAN are checked, the cause of Illegal logging and its producing impacts are assessed. To tackle Illegal logging, one feasible way is to design ecological supply chain to supervise Illegal logging process, and under the concept of ecological supply chain, the production countries, processing countries and consumer countries should take actions together. Non-ASEAN countries should improve border control, introduce public procurement policies, promote market-based instruments, and strengthen international cooperation. For ASEAN countries, they should establish cooperation mechanisms within the region, take a unified action, increase governance capacity and promote legality verification or sustainability certification.

关键词： Illegal logging status management process

Disturbance and forest recovery in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve,Mexico

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1551-1566页

作者： Jose Lopez-Garcıa Rafael M.Navarro-Cerrillo Instituto de Geografıa Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaC.P.04510 CoyoacanDFMexico Departamento de Ingenierıa Forestal Universidad de CordobaCampus de RabanalesCarretera Nacional IV km 39614014 CordobaSpain

Analysis of the change in forest cover is important to determine stand dynamics and the processes involved in disturbance and recovery.Forests of the core zone of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve were studied using photo interpretation techniques,considering biennial changes between 1999 and 2013 and changes over the whole period of study 1999–2013.Error matrices were elaborated to determine the processes of change involved in both recovery and disturbance.The biennial changes for the whole period amounted to 2274 ha;343 ha accounted as degraded in more than one biennial period.The total changes in forest cover between 1999 and 2013 involved 4902 ha,out of which,2912 ha were affected by disturbance,and 1990 ha were recovered.For density and 2013 vegetation cover maps,the overall accuracy was 95.6%and 90.2%,respectively.By combining both maps,gradual processes were revealed that were not evident in separate analyses.This methodology is useful for the management and conservation of natural protected areas.

关键词： Illegal logging Forest density change Forest recovery Conifer forests Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve

Impact of forest governance and enforcement on deforestation and forest degradation at the district level:A study in West Bengal State,India

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 441-452页

作者： Aishwarya BASU Jyotish Prakash BASU University of Burdwan Burdwan713104India West Bengal State University Kolkata700126India

According to the United Nations Environmental Programme(UNEP),the world loses 1.0×106hm2forest land through deforestation annually.About 1.6×106people who depend on forests for livelihood are negatively affected by deforestation and forest degradation.The paper attempts to study the impact of forest governance,enforcement and socio-economic factors on deforestation and forest degradation at the local level in West Bengal State,India.The study was based on questionnaire survey data during 2020–2021 collected from three western districts(Purulia,Bankura,and Paschim Medinipur)where deforestation and poverty rates are higher than other districts in West Bengal State.The total number of selected villages was 29,and the total sample households were 693.A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data,and a questionnaire was followed.Forest governance and enforcement indices were constructed using United Nation Development Programme(UNDP)methodology and a step-wise logistic regression model was used to identify the factors affecting deforestation and forest degradation.The result of this study showed that four factors(Illegal logging,weak forest administration,encroachment,and poverty)are identified for the causes of deforestation and forest degradation.It is observed that six indices of forest governance(rule of law,transparency,accountability,participation,inclusiveness and equitability,and efficiency and effectiveness)are relatively high in Purulia District.Moreover,this study shows that Purulia and Bankura districts follow medium forest governance,while Paschim Medinipur District has poor forest governance.The enforcement index is found to be highest in Purulia District(0.717)and lowest for Paschim Medinipur District(0.257).Finally,weak forest governance,poor socio-economic conditions of the households,and weak enforcement lead to the deforestation and forest degradation in the study area.Therefore,governments should strengthen law enforcement and encourage sustainable forest certification schemes to

关键词： Deforestation Forest degradation Forest governance index Enforcement index Illegal logging Logistic regression model India

Evidence Emerging from the Survey on European Union Timber Regulation [REG. (EU) 995/2010] in Italy

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 142-161页

作者： Hadžić Nermin Carbone Francesco Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-Food and Forest Systems University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy

Illegal logging is a pervasive problem of major international concern that causes many negative social, economical and environmental consequences. EUTR is a tool adopted in 2010 and entered into force in 2013 to stop the trade of timber illegally logged within the EU market. The implementation in Italy is still in progress and varies among regions. This study considers the respondents’ opinions on different EUTR characteristics, implementation processes and compliance activities. Taking Italy as an example, the questionnaire was delivered to relevant Italian foresters and timber operators in the forest-timber system. Two hypotheses are under verification: 1) if Italian forest-wood-timber sector integrated EUTR into its activity and 2) if the Italian Due Diligence system is a valid model to other countries. The questionnaire has been submitted to the wood industry stakeholders. It has been organized into six sections to collect information about the professional characteristics of respondents, their experiences on EUTR, the opinion about EUTR and FLEGT, the support received on EUTR implementation, the opinion about the checks system, and the role of EUTR in marketing timber products. Questionnaire data have been elaborated in different ways. Conclusion underlines the EUTR Italian system criticalities and some suggestions for a more effective use of EUTR in the wood market. The picture that emerges from the results collected is that the EUTR, although proposed for morally and ethically valid purposes, doesn’t have unanimous effectiveness. In particular, EUTR can generate a distortion of the market, new expenditures for importers. Various operators applaud the role of certification schemes for sustainable forest management, which indirectly makes it possible to prevent the aforementi

关键词： EUTR Illegal logging Implementation Questionnaire Foresters and Timber Operators in the Forest-Timber Systems

Impact of Timber logging on Neighbouring Stands in a Forest of the South Western Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第2期12卷 248-262页

作者： Kato Samuel Namuene Andrew Enow Egbe Department of Forestry and Wildlife Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Cameroon Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Cameroon Department of Plant Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Cameroon

During conventional logging operations, there is always some damage to nearby stands. This study therefore assessed the damage caused after logging operations to surrounding stands in a Forest Management Unit (FMU) in south western Cameroon after logging operations. The damages assessed were snapped branches/trunks and uprooted trees. A total of 304 trees with a diameter ≥ 30 cm were cut and a total of 770 neighbouring harvestable and future trees were affected. It was observed that 375 of the neighbouring stand had their trunks snapped, 312 had their branches snapped, and 15 were uprooted. It was noted that 80% of the trees affected were those with diameters between 30 - 50 cm, which were called future trees for the next harvest, while the least damage was on protected/seed trees. Lophira alata caused the highest stand damage due to its abundance and large size, while Distemonanthus benthamianus caused the least domino damage. Damage to future trees negatively affects future concession holders as these trees are supposed to mature before the next harvest, hence the yield will be greatly reduced. Sustainable timber exploitation will greatly reduce residual damage as care will be taken to ensure falling timber causes less damage to the surrounding stand.

关键词： Timber Exploitation Domino Damage Illegal logging Annual Cutting Area