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Cretaceous crown male ant reveals the rise of modern lineages

ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024年第5期45卷 983-989页

作者： Wu, Qiong Radchenko, Alexander G. Engel, Michael S. Li, Xiao-Qin Yang, Hong-Ru Li, Xing-Ru Shih, Chung-Kun Ren, Dong Gao, Tai-Ping Capital Normal Univ Coll Life Sci Beijing 100048 Peoples R China Smithsonian Inst Dept Paleobiol Natl Museum Nat Hist Washington DC 20013 USA NAS Ukraine I I Schmalhausen Inst Zool UA-01054 Kiev Ukraine Amer Museum Nat Hist Div Invertebrate Zool New York NY 10024 USA Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos Fac Ciencias Biol Lima 110058 Peru Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos Dept Entomol Museo Hist Nat Peru Codigo postal Lima 14 Peru Capital Normal Univ Analyt & Testing Ctr Dept Chem Beijing 100048 Peoples R China

Most described Mesozoic ants belong to stem groups that existed only during the Cretaceous period. Previously, the earliest known crown ants were dated to the Turonian (Late Cretaceous, ca. 94-90 million years ago (Ma)) deposits found in the USA, Kazakhstan, and Botswana. However, the recent discovery of an alate male ant in Kachin amber from the earliest Cenomanian (ca. 99 Ma), representing a new genus and species, Antiquiformica alata, , revises the narrative on ant diversification. Antiquiformica can be distinctly differentiated from all known male stem ants by its geniculate antennae with elongated scape, extending far beyond the occipital margin of the head and half the length of the funiculus, as well as its partly reduced forewing venation. Furthermore, the combination of a one-segmented waist with a well- developed node, elongated scape extending beyond the occipital margin, and reduced forewing venation, particularly the completely reduced m-cu and rs-m crossveins and absence of rm and mcu closed cells, firmly places the fossil within the extant subfamily Formicinae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the amber containing Antiquiformica alata originated from the Kachin mines in Myanmar. This discovery significantly revises our understanding of the early evolution of Formicinae. The presence of Antiquiformica in Cenomanian amber indicates that the subfamily Formicinae emerged at least by the start of the Late Cretaceous, with crown ants likely originating earlier during the earliest Cretaceous or possibly the Late Jurassic, although paleontological evidence is lacking to support the latter hypothesis.

关键词： Formicidae Formicinae Morphology Taxonomy Antiquiformica alata Paleontology Kachin amber HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE infrared-spectroscopy AMBER HYMENOPTERA EARLY EVOLUTION FOSSIL ANTS DIVERSIFICATION GENERA DOLICHODERINAE COLOBOPSIS PHYLOGENY

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