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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured in718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen Kumar Satish Kumar Sharma Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of in718 components.Excessive heat can be mitigated via air or water cooling.In this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water cooling.In air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water level.To validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,in718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input conditions.During the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were explored.For multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analyses.The microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition direction.Moreover,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and height.The grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled case.Hence,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited in718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling in718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Modeling of microstructural evolution and flow behavior of superalloy in718 using physically based internal state variables

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Rare Metals 2022年第8期41卷 2759-2766页

作者： Xue-Feng Tang Bao-Yu Wang Ning Zhang Yuan-Ming Huo Jing Zhou School of Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute Beijing100024China

Microstructural evolution and flow behavior greatly affect the hot forming process of in718.In this research,hot deformation behaviors of in718 were investigated by performing hot compression tests at temperature range of 1000-1100℃with strain rates of 0.1-20.0 s^(-1).By incorporating physically based internal state variables such as dislocation density,volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization,and grain size,a set of unified viscoplastic constitutive equations were developed to predict the microstructural evolution and flow behavior of in718.The material constants were determined using a genetic algorithm(G A)-based optimization method.Comparisons of the computed and experimental results indicate that the constitutive equations established in this study can accurately describe the hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of in718.

关键词： in718 Microstructural evolution Flow behavior Constitutive equations Internal state variables

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in718合金激光粉末床熔融悬垂结构成形数值模拟与实验研究

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浙江大学学报（工学版） 2023年第6期57卷 1175-1185页

作者：王材桦来旭辉杨欢庆魏正英西安交通大学先进制造技术研究所陕西西安710049 中航工业西安航空发动机集团有限公司陕西西安710021

针对激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)成形中点阵倾斜支杆的悬垂打印质量问题,以in718悬垂熔道为研究单元,建立三维介观数值模型.基于离散单元法在建模软件EDEM中建立粉末床模型,基于有限体积法在Flow-3D中实现LPBF熔道成形过程,通过数值模拟分析激... 详细信息

针对激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)成形中点阵倾斜支杆的悬垂打印质量问题,以in718悬垂熔道为研究单元,建立三维介观数值模型.基于离散单元法在建模软件EDEM中建立粉末床模型,基于有限体积法在Flow-3D中实现LPBF熔道成形过程,通过数值模拟分析激光-粉末颗粒相互作用的流动、传热、熔化、凝固过程.结果表明,实体-粉末交界区域容易出现不连续的熔道,改善工艺参数可以提高该区域熔道成形的连续性.在低能量密度(44.19 J/mm^(3))下,施加高激光功率(300 W)不会产生匙孔缺陷,能够以比低激光功率(87.5 W)更强的马兰戈尼流动、更快的熔池流动速度填充不连续点,提高实体-粉末交界区域的熔道连续性.

关键词：激光粉末床熔融(LPBF) 悬垂结构不连续性传热传质 in718

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激光熔覆in718合金工艺优化及界面组织性能分析

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中国激光 2022年第16期49卷 198-207页

作者：张杰张群莉姚建华吴志生李科太原科技大学材料科学与工程学院山西太原030024 浙江工业大学激光先进制造研究院浙江杭州310023

熔覆层和基体之间的修复界面通常是再制造零件最为薄弱的区域,影响再制造零件的使用寿命。基于正交试验设计对激光熔覆in718合金工艺进行优化,并研究了工艺参数对熔覆层成形尺寸的影响规律,重点分析了最佳工艺条件下in718熔覆层的界面... 详细信息

熔覆层和基体之间的修复界面通常是再制造零件最为薄弱的区域,影响再制造零件的使用寿命。基于正交试验设计对激光熔覆in718合金工艺进行优化,并研究了工艺参数对熔覆层成形尺寸的影响规律,重点分析了最佳工艺条件下in718熔覆层的界面组织特征及力学性能。结果显示,时效态in718合金的最佳激光熔覆工艺为900 W激光功率、6 mm/s扫描速度、10 g/min送粉速率;激光功率对熔覆层熔宽的影响最大,扫描速度对熔覆层熔高的影响最大,送粉速率对熔覆层宽高比和稀释率的影响最大;熔覆层界面底部未出现平面晶且界面周围的元素过渡均匀,无宏观偏析;基体热影响区的晶粒发生粗化,其内部残留部分MC和M_(23)C_(6)碳化物;in718熔覆层的显微硬度约为280 HV,基体的显微硬度约为475 HV;激光熔覆in718合金的平均界面剪切强度为608.87 MPa。

关键词：激光技术激光熔覆 in718 工艺优化界面组织力学性能

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Evolution behavior of γ″ phase of in718 superalloy in temperature/stress coupled field

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第12期28卷 1949-1956页

作者： Han-zhong Deng Lei Wang Yang Liu Xiu Song Fan-qiang Meng Shuo Huang Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China College of Materials Science and Engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China High Temperature Materials Research Division Central Iron&Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

The evolution behavior of theγ″phase of in718 superalloy in a temperature/stress coupled field was investigated.Results showed that the coarsening rate of theγ″phase was significantly accelerated in the temperature/stress coupled field.Based on the detail microstructural and crystal defect analysis,it was found that the coarsening rate of theγ″phase with applied stress was significantly higher than that without stress.The main reasons for the increase in the coarsening rate of theγ″phase are as follows:the vacancy formation energy is decreased by the applied stress,which leads to an increase in the vacancy concentration;in the temperature/stress coupled field,the Nb atoms easily combine with vacancies to form complexes and diffuse with the complexes,resulting in a significant increase in the Nb atom diffusion coefficient;Nb atom diffusion is the key control factor for the coarsening of theγ″phase.

关键词： in718 stress superalloy

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded carbon steel(EN24) and nickel-based superalloy(in718)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第1期28卷 111-119页

作者： V.T.Gaikwad M.K.Mishra V.D.Hiwarkar R.K.P.Singh Kalyani Centre for Technology and Innovation Bharat Forge LimitedPune 411036India Department of Materials Engineering Defense Institute of Advance TechnologyPune 411025India

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel(EN24) and nickel-based superalloy(in718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface(WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ),the heat-affected zone(HAZ), and the base metal—were examined.The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation.Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ.Moreover, significant refinement in grain size(2 –5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal.The possible causes of these are discussed.The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness.The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates.The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.

关键词： friction welding dissimilar metals EN24 in718 microstructure mechanical properties

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Re-recognition of the Effects of Phosphorus and Boron on the γ’’ and γ’ Phases in in718 Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第3期32卷 372-380页

作者： An-Wen Zhang Yang Li Sha Zhang Fang Liu Wei-Hong Zhang Lian-Xu Yu Wen-Ru Sun Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

The effects of P and B on the matrix strength and precipitations of γ’ and γ’’ phases in the grain interior were re-recognized in this study. The combination addition of P and B markedly accelerated the precipitations of γ’ and γ’’ phases and strengthened the matrix of in718 alloy when air-cooled from high temperature, while made no difference when waterquenched from high temperature. The effect of single addition of P on the precipitations of γ’’ and γ’ phases was the same with that of the combination addition of P and B, while the single addition of B had no effect on the precipitations of the two phases. Therefore, it was P rather than B which accelerated the precipitations of γ’ and γ’’ phases. P could take part in the precipitations of γ’ and γ’’ phases, which was revealed by electrochemical extraction and quantitative analysis of chemical composition. It also revealed that P atoms were dissolved in the c matrix to a relatively high degree at the temperature that γ’ and γ’’ phases began to precipitate, and consequently the precipitations of γ’ and γ’’ phases were accelerated. The first-principle calculation indicated that P decreased the formation enthalpies of γ’ and γ’’ phases when it occupied the Ni lattice sites in the two phases, which explained the effect of P on the γ’ and γ’’ phases.

关键词： in718 superalloy Phosphorus and boron γ’’ and γ’phases Hardness

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激光温喷丸in718镍基合金残余应力高温释放行为

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稀有金属材料与工程 2016年第6期45卷 1509-1514页

作者：周建忠韩煜航黄舒孟宪凯盛杰朱炜立徐苏强江苏大学江苏镇江212013

为了研究激光温喷丸对in718镍基合金高温释放行为的影响,以20℃室温激光喷丸(LP)和260℃激光温喷丸(WLP)处理的in718镍基合金为研究对象,从微观组织、残余应力等角度,通过保温试验探索了温度、时间与残余应力释放的关系,并从高温软化和... 详细信息

为了研究激光温喷丸对in718镍基合金高温释放行为的影响,以20℃室温激光喷丸(LP)和260℃激光温喷丸(WLP)处理的in718镍基合金为研究对象,从微观组织、残余应力等角度,通过保温试验探索了温度、时间与残余应力释放的关系,并从高温软化和蠕变理论角度对残余应力的高温释放规律进行分析。结果表明,WLP较LP处理的in718镍基合金具有更好表面高温稳定性和更高位错密度,且晶粒细化更为明显;随着保温温度的升高,LP和WLP处理件残余应力释放幅度均明显增大,但前者释放速度更快,且位错密度有明显减小的趋势;700℃保温500 min后,LP和WLP处理件表面残余应力分别释放68%和36.7%,最大残余应力释放率出现在保温初始阶段,且释放规律符合Zener-Wert-Avrami函数。

关键词： in718 激光温喷丸高温释放残余应力位错密度

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热处理对选择性激光熔炼in718显微组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

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稀有金属材料与工程 2019年第5期48卷 1386-1393页

作者：吕旭东温博杜金辉钢铁研究总院北京市高温合金新材料重点实验室北京100081 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司北京100081

选择性激光熔炼(SLM)建立在激光熔覆/沉积基础上,能够由粉末直接制备或修复近成形高性能部件。通过优化激光沉积过程试验参数,以最大限度地降低气孔率。对沉积态、直接时效态、固溶时效态、均匀化后固溶时效态4种状态激光沉积in718合金... 详细信息

选择性激光熔炼(SLM)建立在激光熔覆/沉积基础上,能够由粉末直接制备或修复近成形高性能部件。通过优化激光沉积过程试验参数,以最大限度地降低气孔率。对沉积态、直接时效态、固溶时效态、均匀化后固溶时效态4种状态激光沉积in718合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了对比分析。拉伸试验结果显示,直接时效态合金强度最高,均匀化后固溶时效态合金塑性最好。综合考虑3种热处理状态的室温和高温拉伸试验结果,均匀化后固溶时效态试样不仅具有高于锻态AMS标准的强度,而且有很好的塑性。因此,选择均匀化后固溶时效处理作为选择性激光熔炼in718合金的热处理方式。考察了该种热处理状态合金的650℃/700 MPa和650℃/725 MPa的持久性能和455℃的低周疲劳性能,并与锻态in718进行了对比。

关键词： in718 热处理 SLM 显微组织力学性能

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不同时效温度下激光增材再制造in718合金层的组织与性能研究

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稀有金属材料与工程 2020年第5期49卷 1785-1792页

作者：张群莉张杰李栋童文华 Liu Rong 宋立军姚建华浙江工业大学激光先进制造研究院浙江杭州310023 高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心浙江杭州310023 卡尔顿大学机械与航空航天工程系加拿大渥太华KIS 5B6 湖南大学机械与运载工程学院湖南长沙410082

研究了不同时效处理对激光增材再制造in718合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,时效处理不能改变激光增材再制造in718合金的外延生长组织特征,但在微观上能够影响Laves在枝晶间的含量和形态。在不同时效温度条件下,随着时效时间的增加,γ"... 详细信息

研究了不同时效处理对激光增材再制造in718合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,时效处理不能改变激光增材再制造in718合金的外延生长组织特征,但在微观上能够影响Laves在枝晶间的含量和形态。在不同时效温度条件下,随着时效时间的增加,γ"相逐渐长大并在保温一定时间后发生γ"相到δ相的转变,且时效温度越高,所需时间越短。此外,不同时效温度下处理后的修复区显微硬度和抗拉强度随时间均表现出先增后减的趋势。720℃条件下,显微硬度(HV0.2)在时效16 h时出现峰值4100 MPa,而760和800℃条件下时效4 h时出现峰值,分别为3850和3610 MPa。720,760及800℃时效条件下不同时效时间对应的抗拉强度最大值分别为1153,1090和1026 MPa。

关键词：时效处理激光增材再制造 in718 组织力学性能

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