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Encapsulation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in chitosan-coated alginate microbeads produced by ionic gelation

Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1688-1695页

作者： Ebru Kurtulbaş Raneen Albarri Mehmet Torun SelinŞahin Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa Faculty of EngineeringChemical Engineering Department34320AvcilarIstanbulTurkey Akdeniz University Faculty of EngineeringFood Engineering Department07058AntalyaTurkey

Encapsulation of potential bioactive natural substances is a promising preservation method for the natural additives over the synthetic antixodiants. In this study, ionic gelation has been used to encapsulate the Moringa oleifera leaf extract in biopolymers. Automatic solvent extraction was used to extract active material from the plant. Then, the active material was covered by chitosan/alginate via ionic gelation. Ionic gelation system was designed and optimized by Central Composite design of Response Surface Method (RSM). Exposure time to gelling medium (10–30 min), sodium alginate concentration (1%–2%, w/v) and chitosan concentration (0.5%–1%, w/v) were process parameters to be optimized for the maximum encapsulation efficiency concerning total phenolic content (EETPC ), rutin (major individual compound) concentration and inhibition effect of the capsules against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical. Particle shape and morphology of the dried microcapsules show that the capsules obtained are quite spherical, uniform and have a regular structure depending on stereo-microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes.

关键词： hydrophilic compounds Ionotropic hydrogel Biopolymer Central composite design Particle size Particle morphology

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Rapid, Semi-Automated Fractionation of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Carbon Using DAX 8 (XAD 8) and XAD 4 Resins in Tandem

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Natural Science 2016年第11期8卷 487-498页

作者： David D. Hughes Peter J. Holliman Timothy Jones Alexander J. Butler Christopher Freeman Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory Bangor University Wales UK

Natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) consists of different bio-molecular classes of compounds that are currently very difficult and time-consuming to isolate as individual compounds. However, it is possible to separate natural DOC into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. Such characterisation approaches are becoming increasingly important because, over the past 20 years natural DOC concentrations have been rising rapidly in many parts of the world, most likely influenced by climate change. Higher DOC concentrations in drinking water catchments present a serious problem for the water industry because DOC can form disinfection by-products DBPs during water treatment (e.g. chlorination). Hence, there is an urgent need to better characterise natural DOC before, during and after water treatment. However, current DOC fractionation procedures are extremely laborious requiring days and continual manual monitoring to separate sufficient quantities of DOC for subsequent analysis. This seriously limits sample throughput and the parameter space which can be studied. In this paper, we propose a much more rapid semi-automated method (12.5 hours/litre/sample) which utilises readily available equipment, i.e., HPLC pump or similar and sequential columns of Amberlite DAX 8 and XAD 4 resins. The method reduces the manual input from continual attention to minutes. This paper describes the development of the method and its application in the fractionation of natural DOC from reservoir and lake samples fed from upland peat-land catchments. Recoveries are found to be comparable to those using the manual technique, with the dominant component being hydrophobic acid accounting for 35% - 40% of the natural DOC with the second largest, being hydrophilic acid at 20% - 27%.

关键词： Dissolved Organic Carbon hydrophilic compounds Hydrophobic compounds Fulvic Acids Humic Acids Resins

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