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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第1期7卷 122-131页

作者： Qiang LI Xi CHEN Yi LUO ZhongHua LU YanGang WANG Supercomputing Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the development of large-scale hydrologic modeling, computational efficiency is becoming more and more important. Rapid modeling and analysis are needed to deal with emergency environmental disasters. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） is a popular hydrologic model, which is less applied in large-scale watershed simulation because of its sequential characteristics. For improving the computational efficiency of the SWAT model, we present a new parallel processing solution for hydrologic cycle and calibration based on MPI （Message Passing Interface）. We partitioned sub-basins during the processes based on a load balancing method Then the calibration was parallelized using a master-slave scheme, in which different input parameters were allocated to different processes to run the hydrologic cycle and compute the function value. Because of the slow convergence and local optimization of the SCE-UA （Shuffled Complex Evolution-developed by University of Arizona） algorithm in SWAT calibration, a genetic algorithm （GA） is developed to optimize the calibration step. Then by dividing the default communicator into several sub-communicators, all the hydrologic cycles were par- allelized in their own sub-communicators to achieve further acceleration. In this paper the results show speedups for the hydrologic cycle calculations, as well as in the optimized calibration step. In the case study, we tested the parallel hydrologic cycle by four processes, and got a speedup of 3.06. In the calibration section, after applying the GA optimization, with 10 cores, we got a speed increase of 8.0 in our GA parallel framework compared with the GA sequential calibration, which is much better than the original SWAT calibration. After the sub-communicators added, this process was speeded up even further. The study demonstrated that the GA parallel framework with multi-sub-communicators is an effective and efficient solution for the hydrologists in large scale hydrology simulations.

关键词： parallel computing hydrologic model SWAT parameter optimization calibration

Application of HEC-HMS for flood forecasting in Misai and Wan'an catchments in China

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Water Science and Engineering 2010年第1期3卷 14-22页

作者： James Oloche OLEYIBLO College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University

The hydrologic model HEC-HMS （hydrologic Engineering Center, hydrologic modeling System）, used in combination with the Geospatial hydrologic modeling Extension, HEC-GeoHMS, is not a site-specific hydrologic model. Although China has seen the applications of many hydrologic and hydraulic models, HEC-HMS is seldom applied in China, and where it is applied, it is not applied holistically. This paper presents a holistic application of HEC-HMS. Its applicability, capability and suitability for flood forecasting in catchments were examined. The DEMs （digital elevation models） of the study areas were processed using HEC-GeoHMS, an ArcView GIS extension for catchment delineation, terrain pre-processing, and basin processing. The model was calibrated and verified using historical observed data. The determination coefficients and coefficients of agreement for all the flood events were above 0.9, and the relative errors in peak discharges were all within the acceptable range.

关键词： hydrologic model HEC-HMS catchment delineation DEM terrain pre-processing Misai Catchment Wan 'an Catchment

Calibration of the HSPF model with a new coupled FTABLE generation method

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1747-1755页

作者： Mark Ross Ken Trout Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E.Fowler AveENB 118TampaFL 33620 United States

The hydrological simulation program FORTRAN(HSPF) is a comprehensive watershed model designed to simulate water quantity and quality *** is used widely throughout the *** discharge from a stream reach by HSPF is based mainly on function tables(FTABLEs),which describe the relationship between surface area,stream stage,volume,and *** traditional method of FTABLE generation(using general stream cross-sections and the Manning equation or other discharge relationships) can be time-consuming and inaccurate when there are limited calibration stations and survey *** insights into generalized coupled stage/storage and stage/discharge relationships,however,offer the potential to improve both the speed and accuracy of compiling FTABLEs and thus HSPF *** study tested the application of these insights in generating *** study domain included 18 gauging stations in a coastal plain environment on the Peace River watershed in West-Central *** the calibration of this model, wetlands were treated as reaches in HSPF with storage-attenuation *** the simulation period,the modeled daily flow and stage correlated well with observed data at all gauging stations along the Peace *** Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and correlation coefficient computed using observed and simulated daily flows were 0.90 and 0.91,respectively,at the Peace River *** testing found that the new system for calibrating the FTABLEs improved the model predictive ability and *** in un-calibrated station performance was also *** model parameters obtained in this study could potentially serve as reference values for model application in similar climatic *** may also have particular relevance in disaster management,as the simulation period extended over the hurricane season of 2004,and the model domain was within a high hurricane impact *** possible effects of hurricanes on discharge are also

关键词： Discharge hydrologic model HSPF FTABLEs Hurricane

UPLAND EROSION modelING WITH CASC2D-SED

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2002年第4期17卷 265-274页

作者： Pierre JULIEN,Rosalía ROJAS Engineering Research Center Colorado State University Research Associate Civil Engineering Dept. Colorado State University Professor of Civil EngineeringFortCollins CO80523 USA Fort Collins CO80523 USA

Developed at Colorado State University, CASC2D-SED is a physically-based model simulating the hydrologic response of a watershed to a distributed rainfall field. The time-dependent processes include: precipitation, interception, infiltration, surface runoff and channel routing, upland erosion, transport and sedimentation. CASC2D-SED is applied to Goodwin Creek, Mississippi. The watershed covers 21 km2 and has been extensively monitored both at the outlet and at several internal locations by the ARS-NSL at Oxford, MS. The model has been calibrated and validated using rainfall data from 16 meteorological stations, 6 stream gauging stations and 6 sediment gauging stations. Sediment erosion/deposition rates by size fraction are predicted both in space and time. Geovisualization, a powerful data exploration technique based on GIS technology, is used to analyze and display the dynamic output time series generated by the CASC2D-SED model.

关键词： Geographical Information System (GIS) hydrologic model Soil erosion Watershed

具有Horton及Dunne机制的径流模型在VIC模型中的应用(英)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第2期20卷 165-172页

作者：谢正辉苏凤阁曾庆存郭裕福梁旭郝振纯 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Hohai University

Surface runoff is mainly generated by two mechanisms, infiltration excess (Horton) runoff and saturation excess (Dunne) runoff; and the spatial variability of soil properties, antecedent soil moisture, topography, and rainfall will result in different surface runoff generation mechanisms. For a large area (e.g., a model grid size of a regional climate model or a general circulation model), these runoff generation mechanisms are commonly present at different portions of a grid cell simultaneously. Missing one of the two major runoff generation mechanisms and failing to consider spatial soil variability can result in significant under/over estimation of surface runoff which can directly introduce large errors in soil moisture states over each model grid cell. Therefore, proper modeling of surface runoff is essential to a reasonable representation of feedbacks in a land-atmosphere system. This paper presents a new surface runoff parameterization with the Philip infiltration formulation that dynamically represents both the Horton and Dunne runoff generation mechanisms within a model grid cell. The parameterization takes into account the effects of soil heterogeneity on Horton and Dunne runoff. The new parameterization is implemented into the current version of the hydrologically based Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model and tested over one watershed in Pennsylvania, USA and over the Shiguanhe Basin in the Huaihe Watershed in China. Results show that the new parameterization plays a very important role in partitioning the water budget between surface runoff and soil moisture in the atmosphere-land coupling system, and has potential applications on large hydrological simulations and land-atmospheric interactions. It is further found that the Horton runoff mechanism should be considered within the context of subgrid-scale spatial variability of soil properties and precipitation.

关键词： Horton runoff Dunne runoff subgrid-scale spatial variability soil heterogeneity land surface model hydrologic model soil moisture

TOPmodel Hydrometeorological modeling with Rain Gauge Data Integrated by High-Resolution Satellite Estimates. A Case Study in MuriaéRiver Basin, Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 486-507页

作者： Marcos Figueiredo Salviano Augusto José Pereira Filho Felipe Vemado Geological Survey of Brazil S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

This study consists of hydrological simulations of the Muriaé river watershed with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPmodel) and available stream gauge and rain measurements between 2009 and 2013 for two subbasins, namely Carangola and Patrocínio do Muriaé. The simulations were carried out with the Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH) precipitation estimates and rain gauge measurements integrated into CM- ORPH by the Statistical Objective Analysis Scheme (SOAS). TOPmodel calibration was performed with the shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA) method with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The best overall results were obtained with CMORPH (NSE ~ 0.6) for both subbasins. The simulations with SOAS resulted in an NSE ~ 0.2. However, in an analysis of days with high- level stages, SOAS simulations resulted in a better hit rate (23%) compared to CMORPH (10%). CMORPH simulations underestimated the flows at the flood periods, which indicates the importance to use multi-sensor precipitation data. The results with TOPmodel allow an estimate of future discharges, which allows for better planning of a flood warning system and discharge measurement schedule.

关键词： hydrologic model CMORPH Statistical Objective Analysis Scheme (SOAS) TOPmodel Muriaé River

Simulation and analysis of river runoff in typical cold regions

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2011年第6期3卷 498-508页

作者： QiuDong Zhao BaiSheng Ye YongJian Ding ShiQiang Zhang ChuanCheng Zhao Jian Wang ZengRu Wang Division of Hydrology and Water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Division of Hydrology and Water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

It is generally agreed that global warming is taking place, which has caused runoff generation processes and apparently total runoff amount changes in cold regions of Northwestern China. It is absolutely necessary to quantify and analyze earth surface hydrolog- ical processes by numerical models for formulating scientific sustainable development of water resources. hydrological models became established tools for studying the hydrological cycle, but did not consider frozen soil or glacier hydrology. Thus, they should be improved to satisfy the simulation of hydrological processes in cold regions. In this paper, an energy balance glacier melt model was successfully coupled to the VIC model with frozen soil scheme, thus improving the models performance in a cold catchment area. We performed the improved VIC model to simulate the hydrological processes in the Aksu River Basin, and the simulated results are in good agreement with observed data. Based on modeling hydrological data, the runoff components and their response to climate change were analyzed. The results show：（1） Glacial meltwater recharge accounts fbr 29.2% of runoff for the Toxkan River, and 58.7% for the Kunma Like River. （2） The annual total runoffoftwo branches of the Aksu River show in- creasing trends, increased by about 43.1%, 25.75 X 106 m3 per year for the Toxkan River and by 13.1%, 14.09 ~ l06 m3 per year for the Kunma Like River during the latter 38 years. （3） The annual total runoff of the Toxkan River increased simply due to the increase of non-glacial runoff, while the increase of annual total runoff of the Kunma Like River was the result of increasing gla- cial （42%） and non-glacial runoff （58%）.

关键词： glacier energy and mass balance hydrologic model hydrologic process simulation Aksu River Basin