Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood *** uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient desi...
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Nature-based coastal protection is increasingly recognised as a potentially sustainable and cost-effective solution to reduce coastal flood *** uses coastal ecosystems such as mangrove forests to create resilient designs for coastal flood ***,to use mangroves effectively as a nature-based measure for flood risk reduction,we must understand the biophysical processes that govern risk reduction capacity through mangrove ecosystem size and *** this perspective,we evaluate the current state of knowledge on local physical drivers and ecological processes that determine mangrove functioning as part of a nature-based flood *** show that the forest properties that comprise coastal flood protection are well-known,but models cannot yet pinpoint how spatial heterogeneity of the forest structure affects the capacity for wave or surge ***,there is relatively good understanding of the ecological processes that drive forest structure and size,but there is a lack of knowledge on how daily bed-level dynamics link to long-term biogeomorphic forest dynamics,and on the role of combined stressors influencing forest *** simulation models of forest structure under changing physical(*** to sea-level change)and ecological drivers with hydrodynamic attenuation models will allow for better projections of long-term natural coastal protection.
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