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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah David Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water research.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key objectives.First,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc capacity.Deeper boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole yields.The study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water supply.Sec-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,2017.http://www.***.int)limit.However,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as freshwater.The study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water type.Trace element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health risk.Overall,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health risks.The outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

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Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin,Evolution,and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan,SE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 801-818页

作者： WANG Luyao LIU Kai MA Yan ZHANG Yaoyao TONG Jue JIA Wuhui ZHANG Shouchuan SUN Junliang Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geoscience(Beijing)Beijing 100083China The Fourth Geological Brigade of Jiangxi Geological Bureau PingxiangJiangxi 337000China

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive,clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate change.The Wugongshan area,situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China,is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium-and low-temperature geothermal resources.This study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region,encompassing the recharge origin,water-rock interaction mechanisms,and residence time.The results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline,with low enthalpy and mineralization levels.The hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO_(3)and Na-SO_(4),while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO_(3).The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are NaHCO_(3)or Ca-HCO_(3).The δD and δ^(18)O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 m.Molar ratios of maj or solutes and isotopic compositions of^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering,dissolution,and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water chemistry.Additionally,geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ascent.Theδ^(13)C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and organic.Theδ^(34)S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding rock.Age dating using 3H and^(14)C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.

关键词： geothermal water hydrochemistry isotope residence time Wugongshan area

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Contrasting sources and enrichment mechanisms in lithium-rich salt lakes:A Li-H-O isotopic and geochemical study from northern Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 315-333页

作者： Fei Xue Hongbing Tan Xiying Zhang MSantosh Peixin Cong Lu Ge Chao Li Guohui Chen Yu Zhang School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098PR China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt LakesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesQinghai 810008PR China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083PR China Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoul 0372Korea

Lithium(Li),a crucial mineral resource for modern high-tech industries,is notably abundant in the northern Tibetan Plateau,primarily within lithium-rich salt lakes.However,the exploration and development of these resources are hindered due to an incomplete understanding of their nature and origin.Here we present results from a comprehensive study on the hydrochemical parameters,whole-rock geochemistry,H-O isotopes,and Li concentrations in surface brine,river water,geothermal springs,and associated rocks from two representative lithium-enriched salt lakes,the Laguo Co(LGC)and Cangmu Co(CMC)in Tibet to understand the genetic mechanisms.Our water-salt balance calculations and H-O isotopic analysis reveal that Li in LGC and CMC primarily originates from the Suomei Zangbo(SMZB,~91%)and Donglong Zangbo(DLZB,~75%)rivers,respectively.It is estimated that the LGC and CMC took a minimum of 6.0 ka and 3.0 ka to accumulate their current lithium resources,respectively.The distinct geological characteristics reflect evolutionary differences between the two lakes,suggesting diverse lithium sources and enrichment processes.The high lithium ion concentration and light lithium isotope composition in the SMZB river waters indicate the genetic relationship with lithium-enriched geothermal springs in the Tibetan Plateau.Our results suggest that lithium in the LGC originates from lithium-enriched geothermal springs and is primarily supplied through the small-scale SMZB river.In contrast,the formation and evolution of CMC are influenced by the northern Lunggar rifts,receiving a prolonged and stable input from the DLZB,resulting in high lithium concentrations and isotopic values.The absence of lithium-enriched geothermal springs and the prevalence of silicate rocks in the CMC catchment suggest that lithium may be sourced from the weathering of silicate rocks,such as granitic pegmatite veins containing lithium-rich beryl,widely distributed in the upstream area of DLZB.The forward modeling approach,quantifying the contribution fractions o

关键词： Lithium isotopes hydrochemistry Salt lakes Enrichment mechanism Tibetan Plateau

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Genesis of Neogene Formation Waters in the Central Qaidam Basin:Clues from hydrochemistry and Stable D-O-S-Sr Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第6期97卷 1801-1813页

作者： HAN Guang PAN Tong LI Qingkuan FAN Qishun HU Yan LIU Jiubo ZHANG Xiying Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes Xining 810008China Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Exploration Research of Salt Lake Resources in Qaidam Basin Qinghai Qaidam Integrated Institute of Geology and Mineral Resource ExplorationGolmudQinghai 816099China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Bureau of Geological Exploration&Development of Qinghai Province Xining 810008China

Geological explorations have revealed plentiful Neogene formation waters in anticlines in the central Qaidam Basin(QB).However,the hydrochemistry and origin of these waters are obscure.In this study,the hydrochemistry and DO-S-Sr isotopes of these formation waters were determined to study their origin and evolution.The formation waters are enriched in Na-Ca-Cl,and depleted in Mg-K-SO4-HCO3ions with elevated Li-B-Br-Sr elements.The D-O isotopes prove that the formation waters originated from weak-evaporated meteoric waters,and experienced water-rock interactions.Ion comparisons and Caexcess-Nadeficitdiagrams suggest that solute sources of these waters include evaporite dissolution,waterrock interaction,and minor residual lake brines.Bacterial sulfate reduction and water-rock interactions are supported by the high S-Sr isotopes.The enriched Li-B-Br-Sr concentrations of these waters are in accord with the high geochemical background values of the QB.Regarding the genesis of the formation waters,it can be concluded that meteoric waters from the southern Kunlun Mountains were discharged into the basin,weakly evaporated,and then infiltrated into the Neogene strata through faults leaching the soluble ions and mixing with residual lake brines,and all experienced water-rock interactions and a sulphate reduction process.

关键词： hydrochemistry brine resources lake/meteoric waters D-O-S-Sr isotopes Miocene-Pliocene Qaidam Basin

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hydrochemistry of the meltwater streams on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2181-2193页

作者：叶利萍张瑞峰孙启振金杰张经 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Institute of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Polar Research and Forecast National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

King George Island, situated in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, is one of the most visited sites in Antarctica. Antarctica attracts much attention because it is one of the most sensitive areas under the influence of global warming. To understand its hydrochemistry characteristics, we collected various types of water samples, including samples from streams, meltwaters, ground waters, snow and ice from around the Great Wall Station, Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, from January to February, 2015. Major ions, alkalinities, silicate, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and electric conductivities were measured. Several approaches were applied to identify processes that af fect the hydrochemistry on Fildes Peninsula, including ternary diagrams, principal components analysis and cluster analysis. Our data suggest that atmospheric seasalt deposition is the main factor controlling the hydrochemistry on Fildes Peninsula. After atmospheric influences were corrected for seasalt, we defined the weathering of local rocks to be another important factor on the Peninsula's hydrochemistry. Processes such as Ca dissolution from the Ca-bearing basalt, Si loss through secondary mineralization and biological uptake influence the chemical composition of runof fs on the peninsula. Cluster analysis identified 4 groups of streams based on their hydrochemical features, which reflect their original weathering characters under icecap and the combined effects with melt snow, biological activity and the anthropogenic input.

关键词： hydrochemistry runoffs seasalt water-rock interaction Fildes Peninsula Antarctica

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hydrochemistry of the Mixed Dead Sea-Red Sea Water under Different Impoundment Scenarios as a Time Dependent State

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第1期10卷 94-108页

作者： J. Abu-Qubu O. Rimawi A. Anbar T. Alebous Z. S. H. Abu-Hamatteh Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Amman Jordan The University of Jordan Amman Jordan The World Islamic and Science University Amman Jordan Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University Amman Jordan

The expected water mixing process between Red/Dead Sea water during the proposed conveyance projects is the main target of this research. The project will ensue transporting Red Sea water to recover and maintain certain level of the Dead Sea, mostly will reach -395 m. It is found that, the two different water bodies with different EC values or different densities (salinities) are relatively divided by stable plane. This plane is defined as the BARZACH PLANE. In this study, the mixing process occurred between the Red Sea with the Dead Sea waters, located at 20% - 24% of the Dead Sea column depth based on the Barzach Plane level. During a laboratory experimental work, it is found that the mixed Red/Dead Sea water evaporates in a high rate until certain level where the solution attains oversaturated conditions with different dissolved solids. At this stage, a thin layer of solids suddenly formed and floated at the surface of the dense brine. The salinity of the captured water is so dense that floated salt layer cannot be dissolved. In addition, the formed floated salt layer at the surface prevents the below captured water to evaporate and at this stage, stalactites start to form until the excess dissolved solids are not oversaturated with any mineral.

关键词： hydrochemistry Dead Sea Red Sea Brine Water Mixing Process Barzach Plan Jordan

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hydrochemistry, Origin and Evolution of Sedimentary Subsurface Fluids:——Ⅱ. Early diagenetic pore-water evolution in high sedimentation-rate offshore basins

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Acta Geochimica 1987年第1期6卷 1-18页

作者： REINHARD HESSE Department of Geological Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 2A7 Canada

High sedimentation-rate basins are characteristic of the continental margins, where sedimentation ratesup to 500m/Ma and more are no exception. The sediments are rich in organic matter and undergo awell-established sequence of bacterial oxidation reactions, starting at the sediment/water interface with:（1）the oxidation zone （absent in euxinic basins）, which is followed downwards by （2） the nitrate reduction zone,（3） the sulfate reduction zone, （4） the carbonate reduction zone, （5） the fermentation zone and （6） thedecarboxylation zone, which marks the onset of thermocatalytic reactions characteristic of the intermediatestage （and deeper stages） of diagenesis. This sequence of bacterially mediated organic-matter decomposition reactions in rapidly depositedsediments on the continental margins is well reflected in the vertical trends of pore-water chemistry. Carbonisotopic fractionation permits to distinguish between zones （1） to （3） with negative δ;C values for the CO;generated, and between zones （4） and （5） with increasingly heavier carbon-isotopes in CO;(up to + 15 to+ 25‰δ;C). The formation of gas-hydrates causes characteristic chemical and isotopic signatures in porewaters retrieved from hydrate-beating sediments. After hydrate decomposition （in the sampling process orat the base of hydrate zones） marked chlorimity decreases accompanied by increases in heavy oxygenisotopes are observed. These are distinctly different from the effects of meteoric water influx, which are notaccompanied by positive δ;O values. The opposite trend of increasing salinity at shallow burial depths,rather than pore-waters freshening, is observed in the vicinity of evaporites.

关键词： Origin and Evolution of Sedimentary Subsurface Fluids Early diagenetic pore-water evolution in high sedimentation-rate offshore basins hydrochemistry rate high

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Upwelling of Mantle-derived Material in Southeast China:Evidence from Noble Gas Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 100-110页

作者： WANG Shuai KUANG Jian HUANG Xuelian ZHANG Hongyan ZHANG Min QI Shihua HAN Yongjie XIAO Zhicai WANG Siqi TANG Ling China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China No.935 Geological Brigade Geology Bureau for Nonferrous Metals of Guangdong ProvinceHuizhouGuangdong 516000China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

Shallow groundwater collected in Chaozhou,Huizhou,and Guangzhou allowed testing of concentrations and the isotope ratios of noble gases.Based on the calculated noble gas temperature(NGT)and the ratio of noble gas isotopes,the recharge temperature,recharge source,and residence time of groundwater can be calculated.In addition,the contribution of noble gas components from different sources to the sample components can be assessed.In the Huizhou area,according to the 1/Xe vs.Ne/Xe and NGT data,the shallow sandstone-confined water samples in the Shiba area and the unconfined water samples of the Huangshadong are in different temperature ranges,indicating that they have different recharge sources,both in time or space.The He components in the samples are calculated to obtain the content of radiogenic ^(4)He in the crust and to simulate the groundwater ages.The noble gas isotope ratios show the addition of mantle components into the basalt aquifers and sandstone aquifers in Chaozhou and Huizhou.Except for atmospheric and crustal sources,there is a certain proportion of mantle-derived components in the shallow underground cold water in Huizhou and Chaozhou.The noble gases in the Chaozhou groundwater have an obvious mantle signature,allowing speculation that there is a deep fluid carrying mantle characteristics.This upwelling of mantle-derived material might be caused by the India-Eurasia collision or that between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

关键词： groundwater hydrochemistry noble gases ^(4)He age mantle source input southeast China

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Multivariate statistical analysis of chemical and stable isotopic data as indicative of groundwater evolution with reduced exploitation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 133-148页

作者： Fei Liu Jingkun Zhang Shiqin Wang Jiawen Zou Pinna Zhen School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Hebei University of Engineering19 Taiji RoadHandanHebei 056038China Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy HandanHebei 056038China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China

Groundwater resources in the North China Plain(NCP)are undergoing tremendous changes in response to the operation of groundwater exploitation reduction(GWER)project.To identify groundwater evolution in this complex context,hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA)were combined to interpret an integrated dataset of stable isotopes and chemical data from four sampling campaigns in a pilot area of groundwater control.We proposed a novel HCA approach integrating stable isotopes and chemical signals,which successfully partitioned the groundwater samples into the unconfined and the confined water samples.Stable isotopic evidence showed that the lateral inflow and the surface water may contribute more to groundwater recharge in this region than local modern precipitation.The unconfined water's main hydrochemical types were Na type with mixed anions,and Na-Cl-SO_(4)type,while the confined water was mainly Na-Cl and Na-SO_(4)types.Geochemical processes mainly involved the dissolution/precipitation of halite,gypsum,Glauber's salt,feldspar,calcite and dolomite,as well as the cation exchange.PCA results showed that water-rock interaction(i.e.,salinity-based and alkalinity-based processes)predominated the hydrochemical evolution,along with local nitrate contamination resulting from fertilizers and domestic sewage.The GWER project regulated the natural evolution of unconfined water chemistry,and significantly reduced the unconfined water's salinity(mainly Na^(+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-)).This may be attributed to upward leakage from low-salinity confined water at some parts of the aquifer.Additionally,insignificant changes in the confined water's salinity reflected that the impact of GWER on the confined aquifer was negligible.This study facilitates the groundwater classification effectively in the areas lack of geological data,and enhances the knowledge of groundwater chemical evolution in such a region where groundwater restoration is in progress,with important implications for groundwater sustainabl

关键词： hydrochemistry Stable isotopes Groundwater evolution Groundwater exploitation reduction Hierarchical cluster analysis Principal component analysis

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Characteristics of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Noble Gas Isotopes in the Groundwater of Weishan, Wudalianchi, Northeast China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1729-1741页

作者： WANG Shuai HUANG Xuelian QI Shihua HAN Yongjie KUANG Jian WANG Siqi WANG He XIAO Zhicai School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150030China

According to the hydrochemical characteristics, hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics and the ratio of noble gas isotopes of the sandstone aquifer and basalt aquifer, this study calculated the recharge temperature and residence time of groundwater in the Weishan area of Wudalianchi, also calculating the contribution of noble gas components from different sources to the samples. Based on the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and noble gases Xe and Ne, the recharge altitude and recharge temperature of the two aquifers were estimated, and the recharge temperature fitting with the NGT model as verified, the results showing that the main recharge altitude of groundwater in the region was 500–600 m, the recharge temperature being 2–7°C. He_(eq) and He_(ea) of the samples have been simulated using the OD model, the content of radioactive ~4He in the crust being obtained, the groundwater ages under the two conditions(closed condition and open condition) both being simulated. The results show that groundwater from the sandstone layer water is older than groundwater from the basalt layer. Hydrochemical characteristics and noble gas isotope ratios indicate that in the basalt aquifer and sandstone aquifer in the Weishan area, in addition to atmospheric and crustal helium, there is also an input of mantle-derived helium. The fault constitutes the uplift channel for groundwater containings mantle components, which results in the mantle source composition in water samples near the fault being much higher than those form non-fault areas.

关键词： groundwater hydrochemistry hydrogen and oxygen isotopes noble gases ~4He age mantle source input

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