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Characteristics and genesis of groundwater salinization in coastal areas of the Lower Reaches of Oujiang Basin

Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 190-204页

作者： Mei-hui Zhang Shi-yang Zhou Dan-dan Liu Ying Zhang Yu-xi Zhang Xi Chen Hui-wei Wang Bei Li Wei Kang Bing Yi Wan-peng Shi Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco–Geological Processes Xiamen 361021FujianChina China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100083China Changsha Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey China Geological SurveyChangsha 410600China Hydrogeological Environmental Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey Tianjin 071501China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China

The coastal areas of the lower reaches of Oujiang River Basin are rich in groundwater resources.However,the unsustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater have led to significant changes in the groundwater environment.Understanding the characteristics and genesis of groundwater salinization is crucial for preventing its deterioration and ensuring sustainable utilization.In this study,a comprehensive approach combining the ion ratio method,mineral saturation index method and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and main controlling factors in the study area.The findings reveal that:(1)Groundwater samples in study area exhibit a neutral to slightly alkaline pH.The predominant chemical types of unconfined water are HCO_(3)-Ca·Na,HCO_(3)·Cl-Na·Ca and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na,while confined water mainly exhibits Cl·HCO_(3)-Na and Cl-Na types.(2)Salinity coefficients indicate an increase in salinity from unconfined to confined water.TDS,Na^(+)and Cl^(–)concentrations show an increasing trend from mountainous to coastal areas in unconfined water,while confined water displays variability in TDS,Na^(+)and Cl^(–)concentrations.(3)Groundwater salinity is mainly influenced by water-rock interactions,including the dissolution of halite and gypsum,cation exchange,and seawater intrusion etc.Additionally,human activities and carbonate dissolution contribute to salinity in unconfined water.Seawater intrusion is identified as the primary factor leading to higher salinity in confined water compared to unconfined water,with increasing cation exchange and seawater interaction observed from unconfined to confined water.

关键词： hydrochemical Multivariate statistical analysis Seawater intrusion

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Comprehensive geochemical/hydrochemical and geo-thermometry analysis of Unai geothermal field, Gujarat, India

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第1期38卷 145-158页

作者： Manan Shah Anirbid Sircar Nahid Shaikh Karan Patel Darshan Sharma Dwijen Vaidya School of Petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Wipro Limited Centre of Excellence for Geothermal Energy Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University

The knowledge of water temperature produced from a geothermal reservoir and its composition is of utmost importance in designing utilization strategies, the surface production facilities and in selecting the material to be used. Unai hot springs are located in the southern part of Gujarat, India with discharge temperatures varying from 51 to 56 ℃. With the aim of developing Unai as a potential geothermal field and exploiting it in the future, geochemical and geothermometrical study was undertaken. The samples were collected from various Unai geothermal location and analysis of chemical composition of water obtained from different wells was done. The concentration of Silica, carbonate and ions like Na and Cl have been analyzed to delineate the path of water movement in the subsurface and classify the reservoir based on the enthalpy.The ratio of the concentration of ions like Na^+ and K^+ and the relative proportions of various sets of ions were also used to characterize the geothermal reservoir and the reservoir fluid by the use of ternary diagrams. Na–K–Ca,Chalcedony, quartz, and Silica geo-thermometers have been studied. The present study also envisages the importance of graphical representations like Piper diagram,Scholler etc. to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and to understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the Unai geothermal field respectively. The study yields the conclusion that the reservoir under consideration is a low enthalpy reservoir with temperature ranging from 60 to 80 ℃.

关键词： Geothermal energy hydrochemical Geochemical Geothermometery Renewable energy

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hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater in the plain area of the Lake Baiyangdian watershed,North China Plain

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 220-233页

作者： ZHANG Yu-qin WANG Guang-wei WANG Shi-qin YUAN Rui-qiang TANG Chang-yuan SONG Xian-fang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-SavingCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Faculty of Horticulture Chiba UniversityMatsudo-city271-8510Japan School of Environmental Sciences&Resources Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater.The study area was divided into two typical parts.One was in the upstream plain area,where over-pumping had resulted in significant decline of groundwater level;the other one was located in the downstream area near the Fu River and Lake Baiyangdian(Lake BYD region).In addition to the natural weathering of minerals,excessive fertilizer was also a main factor of higher ion concentration in groundwater.According to studies,due to good permeability,these regions were easy to be polluted even with deep groundwater depth.However,upstream shallow groundwater and surface water,including lake water,domestic along with industrial wastewater were all sources of present shallow groundwater in the Lake BYD region.Results indicated that anthropogenic activities rather than minerals much matter to the groundwater in these regions.Particularly,wastewater largely decided the groundwater quality,which suggested that the management and restoration of surface water quality was crucial to groundwater protection.

关键词： hydrochemical characteristics Geochemical processes Groundwater The Lake Baiyangdian Watershed North China Plain

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Study on hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in eastern Songnen Plain

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 161-170页

作者： LI Xiao-han WANG Rui LI Jian-feng Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Team of Groundwater Resource Evaluation and Protection Shijiazhuang 050061China School of Water Resources and Environment Hebei GEO UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources Shijiazhuang 050031China

Under the influence of global climate changes and human activities, the Songnen Plain's groundwater environment is deteriorating, which becomes an important factor restricting the social economic development and ecological balance. As a relatively independent water system in the Songnen Plain, the groundwater system of the Songhua River provides the main water sources for industry, agriculture, life and other aspects. According to the hydrogeological investigation, groundwater sample collection and testing in the eastern Songnen Plain, descriptive statistics analysis, piper diagram, Gibbs diagram and reverse hydrogeochemical simulation were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution laws of regional groundwater. The results of this study show that HCO_3^- and Ca^(2+) are the main anion and cation in the groundwater; the formation of groundwater chemical components are controlled by topographic and geomorphic factors and groundwater occurrence conditions; groundwater subarea of the Lalin-Ashi River is mainly controlled by weathering-dissolution process, and evaporation and ion-exchange reactions are more obvious in groundwater subarea of the Hulan-Tongken River, whose chemical composition also affects the valley plain groundwater subarea in the discharge area; in addition, local high intensity withdrawal causes abnormal hydrochemical evolution processes. The research results can offer scientific basis for rational utilization and protection of groundwater.

关键词： The Songnen Plain Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics Hydrogeochemical modeling Formation

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hydrochemical Peculiarities of Bog Ecosystems in the North-Siberian Lowland

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第7期2卷 665-674页

作者： Tamara Efremova Stanislav Efremov 不详

Surface waters of eutrophic bogs (fens) in the North-Siberian (Taimyr) lowland are characterized by hydrocarbonate, sulfate as well as hydro carbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium composition. They relate to the type of oxygen waters, mainly, to the class of neutral weakly alkaline and to the family of ultrafresh and fresh waters and to the kind of waters poor with dissolved organic matter. Natural hydrochemical background of bog ecosystems makes in heavy metals in the first approximation: Co–0.16, Pb–0.57, Ni–4.67 and Cu–5.94 mkg/L. In most cases the surface waters are not polluted by heavy metals. Bog waters located in immediate closeness from Norilsk mining and smelting industrial complex are polluted by nickel at mid-level.

关键词： Bogs hydrochemical Characteristics Heavy Metals Pollution

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hydrochemical Characteristics and Ion Transfer of Rainfall of Betula Platyphylla Secondary Forest in Xiaowutai Mountain

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Journal of Landscape Research 2020年第2期12卷 57-60,66页

作者： LI Liandi CHEN Hailong REN Qiwen YOU Haizhou BI Jun Xiaowutai Mountain Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station of Hebei Hebei Academy of Forestry SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050061China Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration Yu CountyHebei 075700China

In order to study hydrochemical characteristics and ion transfer of annual rainfall of Betula platyphylla secondary forest,water samples of rainfall,throughfall,stemflow,litter infiltration water and slope runoff of Betula platyphylla secondary forest in the early growth stage,fastgrowing stage and growth decline stage in Shanjiankou watershed of Xiaowutai Mountain and nine indexes of pH,Ca^2+,Mg^2+,K+,Na+,Zn^2+,Mn^2+,Fe^2+ and Cu^2+ were determined.The results showed that:①The annual rainfall was weakly alkaline,and the ion concentration in different stages was obviously different.According to the ratio of the maximum concentration to the minimum concentration of the same ion,the rank was Mg^2+ > Mn^2+ >Na+ > K+ > Ca^2+ > Cu^2+ > Fe^2+ > Zn^2+.②Compared with the rainfall in the same period,in the early growth stage,Mg^2+,Mn^2+,Na+,K+,Ca^2+,Fe^2+ and Zn^2+ showed leaching loss in each distribution process.In the fastgrowing stage,Ca^2+,Mn^2+ and Fe^2+ showed leaching loss in each distribution process;Mg^2+ showed absorption,Na+ showed leaching loss in slope runoff and showed absorption in other process.K+ showed leaching loss in stemflow and showed absorption in other process.Zn^2+ showed absorption in stemflow and slope runoff and showed a little leaching loss in other process.In the late growth stage,Ca^2+,Mg^2+,Zn^2+,Mn^2+ and Fe^2+ showed leaching loss in each distribution process;Na+ and Cu^2+ showed absorption;K+ showed absorption in stemflow and showed leaching loss in other process.Most of the rainfall and metal ions in Betula platyphylla secondary forest were intercepted by litter layer.

关键词： Betula platyphylla secondary forest hydrochemical characteristics Ion transfer

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Study on Variations in hydrochemical Characteristics of Spring Water in Jinan and Their Causes

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2016年第6期7卷 38-44页

作者： Yang Lizhi Yang Xueke Liu Chunhua Shandong Institute of Geological Survey Jinan 250013 China University of Nevada Reno *** America

Based on data of hydrochemical components in spring water and karst water in Jinan spring catchment during 1958-2012,according to the theory of groundwater cycle and hydrogeochemistry,variations in hydrochemical features of spring water in Jinan over the past years were analyzed,and the reasons for the variations were discussed to protect the quality of spring water in Jinan and stop the changing trend of the spring water. The results show that there were variations in the hydrochemical characteristics of spring water in Jinan during 1958-2012,which is mainly related to improper protection and man-made pollution.

关键词： Spring water in Jinan hydrochemical features Variations Causes China

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Research on Groundwater hydrochemical Evolution in the Northern Part of Ordos Cretaceous Basin

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 12-12页

作者： Futian Liu~1,Xiaosi Su~2,Weihong Dong~2,Guangcai Hou~3 1.Tianjin Center of Geological Survey,Tianjin 300170,China. 2.Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China 3.Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China

The basic evolution rules and formation mechanism of groundwater chemicals in the northem Cretaceous Basin of Ordos are found out,on the basis of the analysis of hydrochemicals,Sr,S isotopes in precipitation, groundwater and surface water.In general, the hydrochemical and isotopic characters of groundwater in shallow circulation system are similar to those of the precipitation,in which the chemicals are mainly originated from precipitation.On the

关键词： Ordos hydrochemical isotope S Sr

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Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on nitrate contamination in parts of Gautam Budh Nagar district,Uttar Pradesh, India

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第5期38卷 703-717页

作者： Meenu Agarwal Meenakshi Singh Jakir Hussain Galgotias University Plot No.2Sector 17-A Yamuna ExpresswayGreater NoidaGautam Budh NagarUttar PradeshIndia National River Water Quality Laboratory Central Water CommissionNew Delhi 110016India

Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh,India.We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality.The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association(APHA)(Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,23rd edn.APHA,AWWA,WPCF,Washington,2017)were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples.The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97.The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93±21.44 mg/L.Out of the groundwater samples taken,approximately 41%and 73%of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids,respectively,according to the Bureau of Indian Standards(Indian standard specification for drinking water(IS:10500).BIS,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi,2012)for drinking water.Around 95.4%of groundwater samples and 92.3%of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS(45 mg/L),respectively.The Piper plot shows that 50%of the samples belong to the Ca^2+-Mg^2+-HCO3^-type.Ternary and Durov's diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na^+>Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+(for cations)and HCO3^->NO3^->C1^->SO42^->CO32^->F-(for anions)in groundwater of the study area.The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate.Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja,Bisrakh road,Dujana,Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.

关键词： Leachate hydrochemical parameters Piper plot Ternary and Durov's diagram Spatial variation

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Hydrogeochemical Modeling of the Shallow Thermal Water Evolution in Yangbajing Geothermal Field, Tibet

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第4期30卷 870-878页

作者： Xiuhua Zheng Chenyang Duan Bairu Xia Yong Jiang Jian Wen School of Engineering and Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Grid Lhasa Power Supply Company Lhasa 850000China Yangbajing Geothermal Power Station State Grid Tibet Electric Power Company LimitedLhasa 850000China

The exploitation of thermal water and the mix of cold water changed the properties of geofluid in shallow reservoir,which altered the concentration of the chemical constitutes and continuously built new water-rock reaction. This paper deduced reservoir pressure and temperature variation tendency from 2004 to 2013,analyzed the change of some components in the shallow reservoir water,and finally obtained the evolution of the shallow geothermal water with hydrogeochemical model. The results show the reservoir pressure decreased significantly compared with the slight decline of reservoir temperature,and much cold groundwater infiltrated into the shallow reservoir,which affected the solubility of SiO2 and led to precipitation,the increased CO2 in shallow reservoir promoted the dissolution of aluminosilicate. Calcite and kaolinite precipitation zone has extended to the north in the field,which influenced the porosity of the reservoir rock.

关键词： reservoir pressure and temperature component analysis hydrochemical modeling dissolution/precipitation

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