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Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province,Pakistan

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1454-1462页

作者： Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Raza Ullah Adnan Nazir Muhammad Amjed Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb Raza Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Faisal College of Economics & Management Huazhong Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad The Management School Lancaster University

hybrid maize farmers have to face diverse kinds of climate, biological, price and financial risks. Farmers＇ risk perceptions and risk attitudes are essential elements influencing farm operations and management decisions. However, this important issue has been overlooked in the contemporary studies and therefore there is a dearth of literature on this important issue. The present research is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to quantify hybrid maize farmers＇ perceptions of disastrous risks, their attitudes towards risk and to explore the impacts of various farm and farm household factors on farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The present study is conducted in four hybrid maize growing districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan, using cross-sectional data of 400 hybrid maize farmers. Risk matrix and equally likely certainty equivalent （ELCE） method are used to rank farmers＇ perceptions of four catastrophic risk sources including climate, biological, price and financial risks and to investigate farmers＇ risk aversion attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, probit regression is used to analyze the determinants affecting farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The results of the study showed that majority of farmers are risk averse in nature and perceive price, biological and climate to be potential sources of risks to their farm enterprise. In addition, analysis divulges that distance from farm to main market, off-farm income, location dummies for Sahiwal and Okara, age, maize farming experience, access to extension agent, significantly （either negatively or positively） influence farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The study delivers valuable insights for farmers, agricultural insurance sector, extension services researchers and agricultural policy makers about the local understanding of risks to hybrid maize crop in developing countries, like Pakistan, and have implications for research on farmers＇ adaptation to exposed risks.

关键词： risk perceptions risk attitude hybrid maize determinants Punjab Pakistan

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A Computational Workflow to Identify Allele-specifc Expression and Epigenetic Modifcation in maize

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第4期11卷 247-252页

作者： Xiaoxing Wei Xiangfeng Wang Department of Basic Medicine Medical College of Qinghai University School of Plant Sciences University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85715 USA

Allele-specific expression refers to the preferential expression of one of the two alleles in a diploid genome, which has been thought largely attributable to the associated cis-element variation and allele-specific epigenetic modification patterns. Allele-specific expression may contribute to the heterosis （or hybrid vigor） effect in hybrid plants that are produced from crosses of closely-related species, subspecies and/or inbred lines. In this study, using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of maize transcriptomics, chromatic H3K27me3 histone modification and DNA methylation data, we developed a new computational framework to identify allele-specifically expressed genes by simul- taneously tracking allele-specific gene expression patterns and the epigenetic modification landscape in the seedling tissues of hybrid maize. This approach relies on detecting nucleotide polymorphisms and any genomic structural variation between two parental genomes in order to distinguish pater- nally or maternally derived sequencing reads. This computational pipeline also incorporates a mod- ified Chi-square test to statistically identify allele-specific gene expression and epigenetic modification based on the Poisson distribution.

关键词： Allele-specific expression Epigenetic modification Poisson model hybrid maize Illumina sequencing

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Comparative Study on Density Tolerance of Main Varieties in Southwest maize Zone

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年第2期16卷 259-261,383页

作者：彭明汤彬陈志辉湘西自治州农业科学院湖南吉首416000 湖南省作物研究所湖南长沙410125

This paper conducted a split-plot trial to study the yield,main agronomic characters and density tolerance of 11 maize varieties in southwest maize zone using the density and variety as experimental *** results indicated that ① the differences among density,variety and the intersection of density and variety were extremely significant;② Average yield of the tested varieties under high planting density（64 500 plant/hm^2） was significantly higher than that under low-density（49 500plant/hm^2）,and increased 10.37%;③ Four types were selected by the performance of all varieties under high planting density,such as high yield increase with high density,high yield but not increase with high density,low yield increase with high density,low yield but not increase with high density.

关键词： hybrid maize Split plot experiment Yield Agronomic traits

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On Significance of Heterotic Group Theory in hybrid Rice Breeding

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Rice science 2010年第2期17卷 94-98页

作者： Lu Zuo-mei Xu Bao-qin State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Jining Vocational Technical College Jining 272100 China Shandong Jining Agricultural School Jining 272100 China

Heterotic group theory （HGT） has played a major role in supporting hybrid maize breeding for about 100 years. The basic content and studies of HGT, and its application in rice and maize were summarized in this paper. Additionally, difficulties and challenges for hybrid rice breeding in China were analyzed, and necessity and urgency in hybrid rice breeding by using HGT were proposed.

关键词： hybrid rice hybrid maize breeding three-line system combining ability heterotic group crossing model

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