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Mechanical, Microstructural and Mineralogical Analyses of Porous Clay Pots Elaborated with Rice husks

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 257-270页

作者： Yeri Dah-Traoré Lamine Zerbo Mohamed Seynou Raguilnaba Ouedraogo Laboratory of Molecular and Materials Chemistry Chemistry Department University Ouaga 1 Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This paper deals with the elaboration of porous ceramic pots with raw clay materials and rice husks for water filtration. The basic raw clays have been mixed with rice husks at different ratio 10% and 15% weight (wt) and sintering at 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C for 30 minutes. The elaborated pots have been tested for their densification properties and filtration flow. The mineralogy and microstructure of pot have been also studied to explain the different results. The pot with 10% wt rice husks and sintering at 1300°C during 30 minutes presents a sufficient porosity and mechanical strength to be used for water filtration.

关键词： Ceramic Porous Materials Raw Clay Rice husks

Adsorption of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions onto Rice husks: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第3期8卷 215-230页

作者： V. M. Muinde J. M. Onyari B. Wamalwa J. Wabomba R. M. Nthumbi Department of Chemistry College of Biological & Physical Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Chemistry University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

A study was done to evaluate the removal of a cationic dye from simulated waste water onto rice husks (RH). Spectroscopic methods such as FTIR and SEM/EDX were used for adsorbent characterization. Experimental dependency on solution pH, initial dye concentration, agitation speed, adsorbentparticle size, temperature of the solution and contact time was evaluated. The adsorption data was tested using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 6.5 mg/g. Further, the separation factor (RL) value was less than unity indicating a favorable adsorption process. Adsorption kinetics was determined using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The results showed that the adsorption of malachite green onto rice husks followed pseudo-second-order model with a determination coefficient of 0.986. This work has revealed that rice husks have a great potential to sequester cationic dyes from aqueous solutions and therefore it can be utilized to clean contaminated effluents.

关键词： Adsorption Malachite Green Rice husks Isotherm Cationic Dye

Pryloysis of Coffee husks for Biochar Production

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第12期10卷 1553-1564页

作者： Nicholas Kiggundu Julius Sittamukyoto Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Effective utilization of coffee wastes has been a great challenge in Uganda despite their wider use to replenish soil organic matter. This study explored the possibility of producing biochar from coffee husks that could be used as a soil amendment for replenishing soil nutrients and also for enhancement of soil water holding capacity. Pyrolysis of coffee husks was done in a batch bio-reactor under slow pyrolysis conditions of temperatures 350°C - 550°C and residence times 30 - 60 min. For easy characterization, biochar was grinded, sieved through a 1 mm sieve and then analyzed using a computerized Thermo Graphic Analyzer with an inbuilt and integrated ELTRA 84 GmbH Precision Digital weighing scale. Proximate analysis (wet basis) of biochar gave a moisture content of 5.2%, ash content of 14.7%, volatile matter of 13.2% and fixed carbon of 66.9%. Biochar was applied to soil at different rates (0%, 5%, 10% and 20% w/w) and its effect on water holding capacity was investigated. Results show that bio-char amended soils had higher water holding capacity (p ≤ 0.05) compared to biochar free soils. The water holding capacity also increased with increase in biochar amendment with a 1.5% increase in soil water holding capacity for each 1% increase in biochar application rate. Biochar was also rich in soil nutrient elements with 0.96% N, 0.39% P and 1.97% K;this increased the availability of soil nutrients for crop growth. The results suggest that biochar could be a better tool to improve soil conditions thus enhancing the sustainability of agriculture.

关键词： Coffee husks Pryloysis Biochar Soil Organic Matter Soil Nutrients

Syngas Production and Losses Encountered in Gasification of Rice husks

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 423-430页

作者： Ethel D. Kasembe Zacharia M. Mganilwa Zacharia M. Mganilwa Geoffrey R. John Cuthbert F. Mhilu Department of Transport and Engineering Technology National Institute of Transport Dar es Salaam Tanzania College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This paper addresses the syngas production and evaluation losses in high temperature gasification process using coffee husks. A fast and inexpensive way to evaluate the losses in gasification processes is by the application mathematical models which allow to predict the values needed in full scale. Hence, the quantification of gasifier’s losses at temperatures ranges of 800 K - 1400 K at an equivalence ratios of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4 at 1 bar are revealed by using exergy model incorporating a chemical equilibrium model. The model evaluated the product syngas compositions, syngas heating values and degree of irreversibility values (losses). The results from the model showed that the production of H2 increased from 9.9% to 18.9% and the formation of CO2 ranges from 7.2% to 12.3%. CO production is from 21.8% to 17.2%. The irreversibility values obtained were less than 27%. Hence, reduction of losses protracts biomass resources to be used in energy generation.

关键词： Coffee husks Equivalence Ratio Exergy Gasification Irreversibility (Losses)

Biosorption of Crude Oil Spill Using Groundnut husks and Plantain Peels as Adsorbents

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2018年第3期8卷 161-175页

作者： Kenneth Kekpugile Dagde Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria

Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegradable nature of these adsorbents makes it a better alternative to the non biodegradable synthetic polymers. Dry unripe plantain peels and groundnut husks were used to prepare the adsorbents. The adsorption and percentage removal of crude oil from effluent produce water was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time,temperature and particle size. The particle size of the adsorbents should not be less than 150 μm to avoid making the particles so loosed thus posing difficulty in recovery. The two adsorbents exhibit high affinity for oil adsorption with time especially at 75 μm, groundnut husk has a better performance because of its larger surface area and the presence of residual oil in the plantain peels. Agitation at 150 ***-1 and contact time between 15 - 75 min are recommended. The optimum adsorption temperature ranged between 25°C - 45°C and 15°C - 45°C for groundnut husks and plantain peels respectively. The adsorption data indicated that a pseudo-second- order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents.

关键词： Biosorption Bio-Adsorbents Groundnut husks Plantain Peels Kinetics

Evaluation of Sawdust and Rice husks as Fillers for Phenolic Resin Based Wood-Polymer Composites

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2018年第3期8卷 124-137页

作者： Marieme Josephine Lette Elhadji Babacar Ly Diene Ndiaye Akito Takasaki Toshihiro Okabe Graduate School of Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu Koto-ku Tokyo Japan UFR des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Sénégal Molecular Engineering Institute Kinki University 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka Japan

We produced Wood-Polymer Composites (WPCs) with phenolic resin (PR) filled with saw dust (SD) and rice husks (RH) in a PR:fillerratio of 60:40 wt.%. RH and SD were grinded and sieved into particles μm. The aim of this research work was to evaluate sawdust and rice husks as fillers for sustainable phenolic resin based WPCs. Therefore, we investigated the thermal stability of PR/RH and PR/SD WPCs then we studied and compared the tensile, flexural properties of PR/SD and PR/RH WPCs samples, as well as their dimensional stability after water absorption test. Furthermore, through ultraviolet light exposure, we evaluated the effects of photo-oxidation on the water stability and mechanical properties of PR/RH and PR/SD WPCs samples compared to unexposed ones. PR filled with SD presented better mechanical properties compared to PR/RH WPCs samples. However, PR/RH WPCs showed good mechanical properties, and better thermal resistance and better water repulsion capabilities compared to PR/SD WPCs samples. Although, long time UV exposure ended up lowering considerably the mechanical properties and water resistance of PR/SD and PR/RH WPCs, both RH and SD offer great added value as fillers for PR based WPCs;SD having better interactions with PR matrix compared to RH.

关键词： Wood-Polymer Composite Phenolic Resin Sawdust Rice husks Mechanical Properties Thermal Stability Ultraviolet Effects Water Absorption Properties

Development and characterization of nifedipine-amino methacrylate copolymer solid dispersion powders with various adsorbents

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第4期12卷 335-343页

作者： Yotsanan Weerapol Sontaya Limmatvapirat Jurairat Nunthanid Srisuda Konthong Supakij Suttiruengwong Pornsak Sriamornsak Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group(PBiG) Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Burapha UniversityChonburi 20131Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn

Solid dispersions of nifedipine(NDP), a poorly water-soluble drug, and amino methacrylate copolymer(AMCP) with aid of adsorbent, that is, fumed silica, talcum, calcium carbonate,titanium dioxide, and mesoporous silica from rice husks(SRH), were prepared by solvent method. The physicochemical properties of solid dispersions, compared to their physical mixtures, were determined using powder X-ray diffractometry(PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The surface morphology of the prepared solid dispersions was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The dissolution of NDP from solid dispersions was compared to NDP powders. The effect of adsorbent type on NDP dissolution was also examined. The dissolution of NDP increased with the ratio of NDP:AMCP:adsorbent of 1:4:1 when compared to the other formulations. As indicated from PXRD patterns, DSC thermograms and SEM images, NDP was molecularly dispersed within polymer carrier or in an amorphous form, which confirmed the better dissolution of solid dispersions. Solid dispersions containing SRH provided the highest NDP dissolution, due to a porous nature of SRH, allowing dissolved drug to fill in the pores and consequently dissolve in the *** results suggested that solid dispersions containing adsorbents(SRH in particular) demonstrated improved dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug when compared to NDP powder.

关键词： Solid dispersion Poorly water-soluble drug Nifedipine Amino methacrylate copolymer Adsorbent Mesoporous silica from rice husks