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Performance of clinical signs and symptoms,rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea:a prospective diagnostic accuracy study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 117-118页

作者： Oumou Camara Mamadou Camara Laura Cristina Falzon Hamidou Ilboudo Jacques Kaboré Charlie Franck Alfred Compaoré Eric Maurice Fèvre Philippe Büscher Bruno Bucheton Veerle Lejon Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine Conakry Guinea International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Health Science Research (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit International Research and Development Center on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unit of Research and Training in Life and Earth Sciences University of Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium UMR Intertryp IRD-CIRAD French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) University of Montpellier Montpellier France

Background Passive diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis(HAT)at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in *** examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT,and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations,of rapid diagnostic tests(RDT),and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots(DBS)for diagnosing HAT in *** The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea,where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs(HAT Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD Bioline HAT).Seropositives underwent parasitological examination(reference test)to confirm HAT and their DBS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense,trypanolysis,Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection kit(LAMP)and m18S quantitative PCR(qPCR).Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with ***,specificity,positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations,of the RDTs and of the DBS tests for HAT diagnosis were *** The HAT prevalence,as confirmed parasitologically,was 2.0%(48/2345,95%CI:1.5–2.7%).Odds ratios(OR)for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes(OR=96.7,95%CI:20.7–452.0),important weight loss(OR=20.4,95%CI:7.05–58.9),severe itching(OR=45.9,95%CI:7.3–288.7)or motor disorders(OR=4.5,95%CI:0.89–22.5).Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6%(95%CI:73.8–77.4%)specific and 97.9%(95%CI:88.9–99.9%)sensitive for *** Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD Bioline HAT were respectively 97.5%(95%CI:96.8–98.1%),99.4%(95%CI:99.0–99.7%)and 97.9%(95%CI:97.2–98.4%)specific,and 100%(95%CI:92.5–100.0%),59.6%(95%CI:44.3–73.3%)and 93.8%(95%CI:82.8–98.7%)sensitive for *** RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2–66.7%and 99.2–100%*** DBS tests had specificities≥92.9%.While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%,trypanolysis and E

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Clinical Rapid diagnostic test Sensitivity Specificity Dried blood spot Trypanolysis

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Integrating innovations:a qualitative analysis of referral non-completion among rapid diagnostic test-positive patients in Uganda’s human african trypanosomiasis elimination programme

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 844-859页

作者： Shona J.Lee Jennifer J.Palmer Centre of african Studies University of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburgh EH89LDUK Health in humanitarian Crises Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK.

Background:The recent development of rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)for human african trypanosomiasis(HAT)enables elimination programmes to decentralise serological screening services to frontline health ***,patients must still undertake multiple onwards referral steps to either be confirmed or discounted as *** surveillance thus relies not only on the performance of diagnostic technologies but also on referral support structures and patient *** study explored why some RDT-positive suspects failed to complete the diagnostic referral process in West Nile,***:Between August 2013 and June 2015,85%(295/346)people who screened RDT-positive were examined by microscopy at least once;10 cases were *** interviewed 20 RDT-positive suspects who had not completed referral(16 who had not presented for their first microscopy examination,and 4 who had not returned for a second to dismiss them as cases after receiving discordant[RDT-positive,but microscopy-negative results]).Interviews were analysed thematically to examine experiences of each step of the referral ***:Poor provider communication about HAT RDT results helped explain non-completion of referrals in our *** patients were unaware they were tested for HAT until receiving results,and some did not know they had screened *** HAT testing and treatment is free,anticipated costs for transportation and ancillary health services fees deterred *** expected a positive RDT result would lead to HAT *** results that failed to provide a definitive diagnosis without further testing led some to question the expertise of health *** the four individuals who missed their second examination,complying with repeat referral requests was less attractive when no alternative diagnostic advice or treatment was ***:An RDT-based surveillance strategy that relies on referral through all levels of the health system is inevitably sub

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness Uganda Passive screening Diagnostics Case detection Referral completion Rapid diagnostic tests Elimination

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Specificity of serological screening tests and reference laboratory tests to diagnose gambiense human african trypanosomiasis: a prospective clinical performance study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第4期13卷 48-63页

作者： Martial Kassi N'Djetchil Oumou Camara Mathurin Koffi Mamadou Camara Dramane Kaba Jacques Kabore Alkali Tall Brice Rotureau Lucy Glover Melika Barkissa Traorel Minayegninrin Kone Bamoro Coulibaly Guy Pacome Adingra Aissata Soumah Mohamed Gassama Abdoulaye Dansy Camara Charlie Franck Alfred Compaore Aissata Camara Salimatou Boiro Elena Perez Anton Paul Bessell Nick Van Reet Bruno Bucheton Vincent Jamonneau Jean-Mathieu Bart Philippe Solano Sylvain Bieler Veerle Lejon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Jean Lorougnon Guede UniversityDaloaCote d'ivoire National Program for Neglected Tropical Disease Control Patient ManagementMinistry of HealthConakryGuinea Trypanosomosis Research Unit Pierre Richet InstituteBouakeCote d'ivoire International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Subhumid Zones Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso National Program for Malaria Control ConakryGuinea Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de GuineeConakryGuinea Trypanosome Molecular Biology Unit Department of Parasites and Insect VectorsPasteur InstituteParis Cite UniversityParisFrance Intertryp IRD-CIRAD-University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Independent Consultant EdinburghUk Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics GenevaSwitzerland

Background Serological screening tests play a crucial role to diagnose gambiense human african trypanosomiasis (gHAT). Presently, they preselect individuals for microscopic confirmation, but in future "screen and treat" strategies they will identify individuals for treatment. Variability in reported specificities, the development of new rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and the hypothesis that malaria infection may decrease RDT specificity led us to evaluate the specificity of 5 gHAT screening *** During active screening, venous blood samples from 1095 individuals from Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea were tested consecutively with commercial (CATT, HAT Sero-K-SeT, Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0) and prototype (DCN HAT RDT, HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0) gHAT screening tests and with a malaria RDT. Individuals with ≥ 1 positive gHAT screening test underwent microscopy and further immunological (trypanolysis withT.b. gambiense LiTat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6;indirect ELISA/T.b. gambiense;T.b. gambiense inhibition ELISA withT.b. gambiense LiTat 1.3 and 1.5 VSG) and molecular reference laboratory tests (PCR TBRN3, 18S and TgsGP;SHERLOCK 18S Tids, 7SLZoon, and TgsGP;Trypanozoon S2-RT-qPCR 18S2, 177T, GPI-PLC and TgsGP in multiplex;RT-qPCR DT8, DT9 and TgsGP in multiplex). Microscopic trypanosome detection confirmed gHAT, while other individuals were considered gHAT free. Differences in fractions between groups were assessed by Chi square and differences in specificity between 2 tests on the same individuals by *** One gHAT case was diagnosed. Overall test specificities (n = 1094) were: CATT 98.9% (95%CI: 98.1–99.4%);HAT Sero-K-SeT 86.7% (95%CI: 84.5–88.5%);Bioline HAT 2.0 82.1% (95%CI: 79.7–84.2%);DCN HAT RDT 78.2% (95%CI: 75.7–80.6%);and HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0 78.4% (95%CI: 75.9–80.8%). In malaria positives, gHAT screening tests appeared less specific, but the difference was significant only in Guinea for Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 (P = 0.03) and HAT Sero-K-Set 2.0 (P = 0.0006). The specificitie

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Specificity Rapid diagnostic test Immunological test Molecular test

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Estimating the economic and social consequences for patients diagnosed with human african trypanosomiasis in Muchinga,Lusaka and Eastern Provinces of Zambia(2004-2014)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1330-1342页

作者： Allan Mayaba Mwiinde Martin Simuunza Boniface Namangala Chitalu Miriam Chama-Chiliba Noreen Machila Neil Anderson Alexandra Shaw Susan C.Welburn School of Veterinary Medicine University of ZambiaLusakaZambia Department of Economics University of ZambiaLusakaZambia Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghChancellor’s Building49 Little France CrescentEdinburghScotland EH164SBUK The Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute University of EdinburghRoslin EH259RGUK AP Consultants Walworth Enterprise CentreAndover SP105APUK School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Disease Control University of ZambiaP.O Box 32379LusakaZambia

Background:Acute human african trypanosomiasis(rHAT)caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is associated with high mortality and is fatal if left *** a few studies have examined the psychological,social and economic impacts of *** this study,mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of rHAT in Mambwe,Rufunsa,Mpika and Chama Districts of ***:Individuals diagnosed with rHAT from 2004 to 2014 were traced using hospital records and discussions with *** they,or their families,were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions were conducted with affected *** burden of the disease was investigated using disability adjusted life years(DALYs),with and without discounting and *** impact of long-term disabilities on the rHAT burden was also ***:Sixty four cases were identified in the *** majority were identified in second stage,and the mortality rate was high(12.5%).The total number of DALYs was 285 without discounting or *** long-term disabilities were included this estimate increased by 50%to *** proportion of years lived with disability(YLD)increased from 6.4%to 37%of the undiscounted and un-age-weighted DALY *** a more active surveillance method was applied in 2013-2014 the cases identified increased dramatically,suggesting a high level of ***,the proportion of females increased substantially,indicating that passive surveillance may be especially failing this *** average of 4.9 months of productive time was lost per patient as a consequence of *** health consequences included pain,amnesia and physical *** social consequences included stigma,dropping out of education,loss of friends and *** obtained from focus group discussions revealed misconceptions among community members which could be attributed to lack o

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Hat Sleeping sickness T.B.Rhodesiense Social and economic burden DALYs Zambia

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Use of Polyclonal Antibody for the Diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第2期13卷 127-139页

作者： Dawala Koromtili Oumar Matthew Mutinda Munyao Anne Wanjiru Mwangi Rebecca Wanjiku Waihenya Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Caroline Wangui Njoroge Joanne Jepkemei Yego Primrose Muthoni Ndungu Sharlene Kerubo Mageto Damaris Mutethya Kilei Otilmoi Poul Stephen Nicole Sian Tanchu Grace Ngendo Kanyita Shingo Inoue Lucy Gitau Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

human african trypanosomiasis (HAT), commonly known as sleeping sickness is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which is fatal if left untreated. Its diagnosis is a challenge since the signs and symptoms of the primary phase are not specific, the existing diagnostic methods have low sensitivity and specificity, and the available drugs have some toxicity. New, robust, and cost-effective techniques are needed for the early identification of parasites. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of two different types of polyclonal antibodies against T. b. gambiense using antigen detection ELISA. Polyclonal antibodies against the expressed proteins Tbg I2 and Tbg I17 were produced using New Zealand white rabbits. The antibody titer measured was greater than 32 g/L after the 3rd immunization for the expressed protein Tbg I2. For the expressed protein Tbg I17, the antibody titer measured was greater than 32 g/L after the 4th immunization. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tbg I2 polyclonal antibody confirmed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as gold standard were respectively 89.5% and 80.6%, while for the Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 92.1% and 88.9%. The area under the curve for the Tbg I2 polyclonal antibody was 0.90 ± 0.032, while for the Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody, the area under the curve was 0.92 ± 0.0. The Tbg I17 polyclonal antibody produced in New Zealand white rabbits has good sensitivity and good specificity;it can be successfully used in the diagnosis of HAT.

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Polyclonal Antibody Tbg I2 Expressed Protein Tbg I17 Expressed Protein Sensitivity Specificity

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Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 486-491页

作者： Qin Liu Xiao-Ling Chen Mu-Xin Chen Han-Guo Xie Qing Liu Zhu-Yun Chen Yao-Ying Lin Hua Zheng Jia-Xu Chen Yi Zhang Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghai 200025China Fujian Medical University Union Hospital FuzhouFujian 350001People’s Republic of China Fujian Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention FuzhouFujian 350000People’s Republic of China

Background:human african trypanosomiasis(HAT)is one of the most complex parasitic diseases known to *** usually occurs in endemic areas in Africa,but is occasionally detected in returning travelers and migrants in non-endemic *** presentation:In August 2017,a case of HAT was diagnosed in China in a traveler returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya and the Serengeti area in *** traveler visited Africa from 23 July to 5 August,*** return to China,she developed a fever(on 8 August),and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection was confirmed by laboratory tests(on 14 August)including observation of parasites in blood films and by polymerase chain *** was treated with pentamidine followed by suramin,and recovered 1 month ***:This is the first imported rhodesiense HAT case reported in *** case alerts clinical and public health workers to be aware of HAT in travelers,and expatriates and migrants who have visited at-risk areas in Africa.

关键词： Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human african trypanosomiasis Imported infection China Treatment Suramin Tanzania

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MRI Signal Abnormalities of the Optic Tracts, a Marker of Meningoencephalitis Caused by Trypanosoma Gambiense (TG)—A Delayed Patho-Radlological Correlation

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Caroline Magne Nfally Badji Lera Geraud Akpo Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Hamidou Deme Philomène Kouna Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba Elhadj Niang Radiology Office of “De la Paix University Hospital” Ziguinchor Senegal Internal Medicine Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Dakar Senegal Radiology Office of Polyclinique El Rapha Libreville Gabon Radiology Office of Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Parasitic meningoencephalitis presents several etiologies which sometimes depend on their geographical location. They require thorough blood and cerebrospinal fluid check-up for directing an efficient treatment. Clinicians and radiologists are constantly looking for specific signs that could point to a particular etiology. The meningoencephalitis caused by human african trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (TG) is a rare disease characterized by a slow progression, over years sometimes. Its non-specific presentation either clinically or in imaging can lead to misdiagnosis and thus, delay the treatment. However, involvement of the optic tracts seems to be characteristic of this condition, on old data from animal experimentation and recent high-field MRI data. MRI is the best current technique to explore the brain, cranial nerves, and visual pathways. In this article, we are going to present two observations of meningoencephalitis caused by HAT and then discuss some specific aspects of this neglected and re-emerging disease.

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense Diffuse Meningo-Encephalitis Optic Tract Evolvement

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Support for research towards understanding the population health vulnerabilities to vector-borne diseases:increasing resilience under climate change conditions in Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1462-1468页

作者： Bernadette Ramirez on behalf of the TDR-IDRC Research Initiative on Vector Borne Diseases and Climate Change Vectors Environment and Society UnitSpecial Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)World Health Organization(WHO)GenevaSwitzerland

Background:Diseases transmitted to humans by vectors account for 17%of all infectious diseases and remain significant public health *** the years,great strides have been taken towards combatting vectorborne diseases(VBDs),most notably through large scale and coordinated control programmes,which have contributed to the decline of the global mortality attributed to ***,with environmental changes,including climate change,the impact on VBDs is anticipated to be significant,in terms of VBD-related hazards,vulnerabilities and *** there is growing awareness on the vulnerability of the african continent to VBDs in the context of climate change,there is still a paucity of research being undertaken in this area,and impeding the formulation of evidence-based health policy *** body:One way in which the gap in knowledge and evidence can be filled is for donor institutions to support research in this *** collaboration between the WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)and the International Centre for Research and Development(IDRC)builds on more than 10 years of partnership in research capacity-building in the field of tropical *** this partnership was born yet another research initiative on VBDs and the impact of climate change in the Sahel and sub-Saharan *** paper lists the projects supported under this research initiative and provides a brief on some of the policy and good practice recommendations emerging from the ongoing implementation of the research ***:Data generated from the research initiative are expected to be uptaken by stakeholders(including communities,policy makers,public health practitioners and other relevant partners)to contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of social,environmental and climate change on VBDs(*** nature of the hazard,vulnerabilities,exposure),and improve the ability of african countries to adapt to and reduce the eff

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Climate change Adaptation Resilience Malaria Schistosomiasis Rift Valley fever human african trypanosomiasis

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Evaluation of the TbgI_(2) and TbgI_(17) Tandem Repeat Antigens as Potential Antigens for the Diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2019年第4期9卷 152-163页

作者： Vanessa Irumva Rebecca Waihenya Anne Wanjiru Mwangi Peter Kipkemboi Satoshi Kaneko Tonny Teya Joanne Jepkemei Caroline Njoroge Joseph Wambugu Gitari Matthew Mutinda Munyao Robinson MIrekwa Murima Ng’ang’a Samson Muuo Nzou Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan-African University Institute of Basic SciencesTechnology and InnovationNairobiKenya Zoology Department Jomo Kenyatta University for Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine-Kenya Medical Research Institute Project NairobiKenya Production Department-Kenya Medical Research Institute NairobiKenya Institute of Tropical Medicine Eco-Epidemiology DepartmentNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases.Ministry of Health NairobiKenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research InstituteBusiaKenya

human african trypanosomiasis (HAT) affects up to half a million people every year in sub-Saharan Africa. Interruption of transmission of the disease by early diagnosis and treatment is core to the control and eventual elimination of HAT. The routine diagnostic method for HAT is light microscopy of blood samples. The present study sought to evaluate the potential of TbgI2 and TbgI17 tandem repeat antigens as candidates for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The expressed proteins were purified and the antigenic reactivity evaluation was done using multiplex assay using sera obtained from HAT patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that recombinant antigen, TbgI2 had high sensitivity for sera from patients infected with T. b. rhodesiense with the area under the curve being 0.577 and a sensitivity of 0.641 and specificity 0.650. The results suggest that TbgI2 is a potential biomarker for T. b. rhodesiense HAT serodiagnostic tests.

关键词： human african trypanosomiasis TbgI2 TbgI17 Antigens Diagnosis Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

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infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

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贫困所致传染病（英文） 2018年第3期 89-94页

Background: human african trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the most complex parasitic diseases known to humankind. It usually occurs in endemic areas in Africa, but is occasionally detected in returning travelers and migrants in non-endemic *** presentation: In August 2017, a case of HAT was diagnosed in China in a traveler returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya and the Serengeti area in Tanzania. The traveler visited Africa from 23 July to 5 August, 2017. Upon return to China, she developed a fever (on 8 August), andTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection was confirmed by laboratory tests (on 14 August) including observation of parasites in blood films and by polymerase chain reaction. She was treated with pentamidine followed by suramin, and recovered 1 month ***: This is the first imported rhodesiense HAT case reported in China. This case alerts clinical and public health workers to be aware of HAT in travelers, and expatriates and migrants who have visited at-risk areas in Africa.

关键词： Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human african trypanosomiasis Imported infection China Treatment Suramin Tanzania

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