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Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot

Cancer Communications 2024年第5期44卷 521-553页

作者： Gholam-Reza Khosravi Samaneh Mostafavi Sanaz Bastan Narges Ebrahimi Roya Safari Gharibvand Nahid Eskandari Department of Medical Immunology School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Immunology Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Department of Immunology School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran

tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME).hot tumors,characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),stand in stark contrast to cold tumors,which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to *** overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells,novel immunologic modulators have emerged,particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4)and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1).These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system,transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor ***,challenges persist,including primary resistance to immunotherapy,autoimmune side effects,and tumor response *** these challenges requires innovative strategies,deeper mechanistic insights,and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of *** the landscape of cancer medicine,where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle,understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is *** review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies,offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.

关键词： cold tumor hot tumor immunologic modulator immunotherapy therapeutic strategy tumor microenvironment

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Reversing cold tumors to hot: An immunoadjuvant-functionalized metalorganic framework for multimodal imaging-guided synergistic photoimmunotherapy

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第2期6卷 312-325页

作者： Zhijin Fan Hongxing Liu Yaohua Xue Jingyan Lin Yu Fu Zhaohua Xia Dongming Pan Jian Zhang Kun Qiao Zhenzhen Zhang Yuhui Liao Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510091China Department of Urology Guangzhou Institute of UrologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510230China Department of Thoracic Surgery Shenzhen Third People's HospitalShenzhen518110China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China

Immunotherapy assays using immunoadjuvants and tumor antigens could greatly increase the survival rates of patients with malignant *** effective carriers,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their remarkable histocompatibility and low ***,we constructed a multimodal imaging-guided synergistic cancer photoimmunotherapy by employing a specific MOF(MIL101-NH2)as the core carrier;the MOF was dual-dressed with photoacoustic and fluorescent signal donors(indocyanine green,ICG)and immune adjuvants(cytosine-phosphate-guanine sequence,CpG)and named ICGCpG@*** nanocarrier could passively target the tumor site through the EPR effect and achieve multimodal imaging(fluorescence,photoacoustic,photothermal and magnetic resonance imaging)of the *** cancer photoimmunotherapy was achieved via simultaneous photodynamic and photothermal methods with 808 nm laser ***-CpG@MOF achieved the GSH-controlled release of immunoadjuvant into the tumor ***,the released tumor-associated antigen along with CpG could induce the transformation of tumor cells from cold to hot by activating the immune system,which significantly enhanced tumor cytotoxicity and achieved high cure rates with minimal *** strategy utilizing multimodal imaging and synergistic cancer photoimmunotherapy provides a promising approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

关键词： Synergistic cancer photoimmunotherapy Multimodal imaging Metal-organic frameworks CpG hot tumor

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