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Subversion of cellular stress responses by poxviruses

World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2014年第4期4卷 27-40页

作者： Thiago Lima Leao Flávio Guimaraes da Fonseca Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada Departamento de Microbiologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brasil

Cellular stress responses are powerful mechanisms that prevent and cope with the accumulation of macromolecular damage in the cells and also boost host defenses against pathogens. Cells can initiate either protective or destructive stress responses depending, to a large extent, on the nature and duration of the stressing stimulus as well as the cell type. The productive replication of a virus within a given cell places inordinate stress on the metabolism machinery of the host and, to assure the continuity of its replication, many viruses have developed ways to modulate the cell stress responses. Poxviruses are among the viruses that have evolved a large number of strategies to manipulate host stress responses in order to control cell fate and enhance their replicative success. Remarkably, nearly every step of the stress responses that is mounted during infection can be targeted by virally encoded functions. The fine-tuned interactions between poxviruses and the host stress responses has aided virologists to understand specific aspects of viral replication; has helped cell biologists to evaluate the role of stress signaling in the uninfected cell; and has tipped immunologists on how these signals contribute to alert the cells against pathogen invasionand boost subsequent immune responses. This review discusses the diverse strategies that poxviruses use to subvert host cell stress responses.

关键词： Poxvirus Cell stress response Heat shock response Chaperones Unfolded protein response host translational control Hypoxia Oxidative stress DNA damage

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