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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 189-193页

作者： XIAO-PING WANG FENG GE FANG-SEN XUE Institute of Entomology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of PestInsects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringiBaly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, is a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil. The effects of host plants on diapause incidence were tested in the beetle. The ratio of adults entering diapause was significantly low when they fed on the mature leaves of Chinese cabbage Shanghaiqin （Brassica chinesis var communis） than those feeding on Chinese cabbage Suzhouqin （Brassica chinesis var communis）, radish （Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus） and stem mustard （Brassicajuncea vat tumida） at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. Fewer adults entered diapause on young leaves compared to physiologically aged and mature radish leaves at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. The effect of host plant species on diapause induction was also evident under continuously dark rearing conditions or at different photoperiods. These experimental results demonstrate that host plant mediation of diapause induction exists in the cabbage beetle. However, at temperatures ≤20℃ or photoperiods of 16：8 （L： D） h combined with 25℃, all individuals entered diapause regardless of the host plants, indicating that the effects of host plants on diapause induction could be expressed only within a limited range of temperatures and photoperiods.

关键词： Colaphellus bowringi diapause induction host plant photoperiod temperature

Inter-species mRNA transfer among green peach aphids,dodder parasites,and cucumber host plants

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plant Diversity 2022年第1期44卷 1-10页

作者： Juan Song Jinge Bian Na Xue Yuxing Xu Jianqiang Wu Department of Economic plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

mRNAs are transported within a plant through phloem.Aphids are phloem feeders and dodders(Cuscuta spp.)are parasites which establish phloem connections with host plants.When aphids feed on dodders,whether there is trafficking of mRNAs among aphids,dodders,and host plants and if aphid feeding a匚fects the mRNA transfer between dodders and hosts are unclear.We constructed a green peach aphid(GPA,Myzus persicae)-dodder(Cuscuta austra/is)-cucumber(Cucumis sativus)tritrophic system by infesting GPAs on C.australis,which parasitized cucumber hosts.We found that GPA feeding activated defense-related phytohormonal and transcriptomic responses in both C.australis and cucumbers and large numbers of mRNAs were found to be transferred between C.australis and cucumbers and between C.australis and GPAs;importantly,GPA feeding on C.australis greatly altered inter-species mobile mRNA profiles.Furthermore,three cucumber mRNAs and three GPA mRNAs could be respectively detected in GPAs and cucumbers.Moreover,our statistical analysis indicated that mRNAs with high abundances and long transcript lengths are likely to be mobile.This study reveals the existence of inter-species and even inter-kingdom mRNA movement among insects,parasitic plants,and parasite hosts,and suggests complex regulation of mRNA trafficking.

关键词： Dodder Cuscuta Green peach aphid host plant mRNA transfer Intei^kingdom interaction

Insect transmission of plant viruses： Multilayered interactions optimize viral propagation

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 929-946页

作者： Beatriz Dader Chrstiane Then Edwige Berthelot Marie Ducousso James C. K. Ng Martin Drucker INRA UMR 385 BGPI (CIRAD-INRA-SupAgroM) Montpellier France Department of plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside USA

By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best-examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus-vector interactions have been well characterized. Whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector＇s mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host＇s morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus-host-vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors ＂inform＂ the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Over- all, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus-vector-host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.

关键词： arbovirus defense host plant insect vector interactions plant virus transmission

Balancing selection and wild gene pool contribute to resistance in global rice germplasm against planthopper

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2021年第10期63卷 1695-1711页

作者： Cong Zhou Qian Zhang Yu Chen Jin Huang Qin Guo Yi Li Wensheng Wang Yongfu Qiu Wei Guan Jing Zhang Jianping Guo Shaojie Shi Di Wu Xiaohong Zheng Lingyun Nie Jiaoyan Tan Chaomei Huang Yinhua Ma Fang Yang Xiqin Fu Bo Du Lili Zhu Rongzhi Chen Zhikang Li Longping Yuan Guangcun He State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources Agricultural CollegeGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China

Interactions and co-evolution between plants and herbivorous insects are critically important in agriculture.Brown planthopper(BPH)is the most severe insect of rice,and the biotypes adapt to feed on different rice genotypes.Here,we present genomics analyses on 1,520 global rice germplasms for resistance to three BPH biotypes.Genome-wide association studies identified 3,502 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 59 loci associated with BPH resistance in rice.We cloned a previously unidentified gene Bph37 that confers resistance to BPH.The associated loci showed high nucleotide diversity.Genome-wide scans for trans-species polymorphisms revealed ancient balancing selection at the loci.The secondarily evolved insect biotypes II and III exhibited significantly higher virulence and overcame more rice varieties than the primary biotype I.In response,more SNPs and loci evolved in rice for resistance to biotypes II and III.Notably,three exceptional large regions with high SNP density and resistance-associated loci on chromosomes 4 and 6 appear distinct between the resistant and susceptible rice varieties.Surprisingly,these regions in resistant rice might have been retained from wild species Oryza nivara.Our findings expand the understanding of long-term interactions between rice and BPH and provide resistance genes and germplasm resources for breeding durable BPH-resistant rice varieties.

关键词： balancing selection genome-wide association study host plant insect wild rice

host plants and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）in China

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 101-120页

作者： Shao-Jian Li Xia Xue Muhammad Z. Ahmed Shun-Xiang Ren Yu-Zhou Du Jian-Hui Wu Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Bao-Li Qiu Department of Entomology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou School of Horticulture and plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China The Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York UK

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, has been a destructive pest in China for over the past two decades. It is an extremely polyphagous insect, being recorded feeding on hundreds of host plants around the world. Potential host plants and natural enemies of B. tabaci in the south, southeast, middle, north and northwest of China were investigated during the last decade. In total 361 plant species from 89 families were recorded in our surveys. plants in the families Compositae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Leguminosae were the preferred host species for B. tabaci, which therefore suffered much damage from this devastating pest due to their high populations. In total, 56 species of parasitoids, 54 species of arthropod predators and seven species of entomopathogenic fungi were recorded in our surveys. Aphelinid parasitoids from Encarsia and Eretrnocerus genera, lady beetles and lacewings in Coleoptera and Neuroptera were found to be the dominant arthropod predators of B. tabaci in China. The varieties of host plant, their distribution and the dominant species of natural enemies of B. tabaci in different regions of China are discussed.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci China host plant natural enemy survey

Determining the major Bt refuge crops for cotton bollworm in North China

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 829-839页

作者： Le-Fu Ye Xue Fu Fang Ouyang Bao-Yu Xie Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin College of Agricultural Resource and Environment HeilongjiangUniversity Harbin China

Evaluation of the effectiveness of refuge strategies involved in cotton boll- worm Bt resistance management would be aided by technologies that allow monitoring and quantification of key factors that affect the process under field conditions. We hy- pothesized that characterization of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in adult bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） moths may aid in determining the larval host that they developed upon. We found moths reared from larvae fed on peanut, soybean or cotton, respectively, could be differentiated using isotopic analyses that also corresponded to their respective larval host origins. These techniques were then used to classify feral second-generation bollworm moths caught in Bt cotton （Gossypium hirsu- rum） fields into different populations based on their isotopic signatures. In 2006-2007 feral moths captured in Bt cotton fields predominantly correlated with the peanut （Arachis hypogea） having served as their larval host, indicating this is the most important refuge crop for Bt-susceptible bollworm individuals （providing 58%-64% individuals） during independent moth peaks for the second generation in North China. The remaining feral moths correlated with soybean （Glycine max）（0-10%）; other C3 plant （20%-22%） and non-C3 plant （12%-14%） host types also provided some Bt-sensitive moths. Field obser- vations showed that peanut constitutes the primary refuge crop contributing to sustaining Bt-susceptible moths dispersing into cotton in North China. These results suggest that peanut may be a more effective refuge to sustain Bt-susceptible bollworm individuals and reduce the risk of development of a Bt-resistant biotype.

关键词： cluster analysis cotton bollworm host plant stable isotope transgenic Bt-cotton

Aphis （Hemiptera： Aphididae） species groups found in the Midwestern United States and their contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the genus

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 374-391页

作者： Doris M. Lagos David J. Voegtlin Armelle Coeur d'aciert Rosanna Giordano Department of Entomology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 320 Morrill Hall 505 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana IL 61801 Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1816 S Oak Street Champaign IL 61820 USA INRA-UMR 1062 CBGP (INRA IRD CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30 016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France

A phylogeny of the genus Aphis Linnaeus, 1 758 was built primarily from specimens collected in the Midwest of the United States. A data matrix was constructedwith 68 species and 41 morphological characters with respective character states of alate and apterous viviparous females. Dendrogram topologies of analyses performed usingUPGMA （Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean）, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analysis of Cytochrome Oxidase I, Elongation Factor 1-α and primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola 16S sequences were not congruent. Bayesian analysis strongly supported most terminal nodes of the phylogenetic trees. The phylogeny wasstrongly supported by EFI-α, and analysis of COl and EFI-α molecular data combined with morphological characters. It was not supported by single analysis of COI or Buch-hera aphidicola 16S. Results from the Bayesian phylogeny show 4 main species groups： asclepiadis,fabae, gossypii, and middletonii. Results place Aphis and species of the generaProtaphis Bōrner, 1952, Toxoptera Koch, 1856 and Xerobion Nevsky, 1928 in a monophyletic clade. Morphological characters support this monophyly as well. The phylogenyshows that the monophyletic clade of the North American middletonii species group belong to the genus Protaphis： P. debilicornis （Gillette ＆ Palmer, 1929）, comb. nov., P. echinaceae（Lagos and Voegtlin, 2009）, comb. nov., and P. middletonii （Thomas, 1879）. The genus Toxoptera should be considered a subgenus of Aphis （stat. nov.）. The analysis also indicatesthat the current genus Iowana Frison, 1954 should be considered a subgenus of Aphis （stat. nov.）.

关键词： aphid host plant morphology phylogenetic relationship sequence divergences synonym

Effects of host, temperature and relative humidity on competitive displacement of two invasive Bemisia tabaci biotypes [Q and B]

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 595-603页

作者： Dong Chu Yun-Li Tao You-Jun Zhang Fang-Hao Wan Judith K Brown High-tech Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China School of plant Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson USA

Bemisia tabaci shifted unexpectedly in China from a predominance of B biotype to Q biotype during 2005-2008. This observation stimulated an interest in inves- tigating whether environmental factors, including host, temperature and relative humidity （RH） could possibly explain the observed shift in biotypes distribution. Results indicated that all three parameters examined influenced biotype survivability. The percentage of B biotype, when reared together on pepper plants with the Q biotype, decreased significantly from 66.7% in the founder population, to 13.6% and 3.7% in the first and second genera- tions, respectively. When the B （founder at 66.7%） and Q （founder at 33.3%） biotypes were reared together on eggplant alone, or on pepper-plus-eggplant combination, the population size of the B biotype either remained constant, or increased somewhat in the first and sec- ond generations. On eggplant, the effects of RH and temperature on the competitiveness between the Q and B biotypes （3 pairs of Q and 6 pairs of B） were not significant.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci B biotype Q biotype biological invasion host plant non-competitive displacement

Invading from the garden？ A comparison of leaf herbivory for exotic and native plants in natural and ornamental settings

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Insect Science 2012年第6期19卷 677-682页

作者： Stephen F. Matter Jessica R.Brzyski Christopher J. Harrison Sara Hyams Clement Loo Jessica Loomis Hannah R. Lubbers Leeann Seastrum Trevor I. Stamper Adam M. Stein Richard Stokes Brandy S. Wilkerson Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA

The enemies release hypothesis proposes that exotic species can become in- vasive by escaping from predators and parasites in their novel environment. Agrawal et al. （Enemy release？ An experiment with congeneric plant pairs and diverse above- and below-ground enemies. Ecology, 86, 2979-2989） proposed that areas or times in which damage to introduced species is low provide opportunities for the invasion of native habitat. We tested whether ornamental settings may provide areas with low levels of herbivory for trees and shrubs, potentially facilitating invasion success. First, we compared levels of leaf herbivory among native and exotic species in ornamental and natural settings in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. In the second study, we compared levels of herbivory for invasive and noninvasive exotic species between natural and ornamental settings. We found lower levels of leaf damage for exotic species than for native species; however, we found no differences in the amount of leaf damage suffered in ornamental or natural settings. Our results do not provide any evidence that ornamental settings afford additional release from herbivory for exotic plant species.

关键词： enemies release hypothesis forest herbivory host plant suburban urban

Endophytic fungi:a source of potential anticancer compounds

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 188-203页

作者： Palwe SD Borde MY Sonawane HB Department of Botany MGV’s ASC College SurganaDist.-Nashik-422211India Mycology Laboratory Department of Botany Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPune-411007India PG Research Centre in Botany PDEA’s Prof.Ramkrishna More ACS College AkurdiPune-411044India

Bioactive metabolites produced by different endophytic fungi have wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and herbal medicine research.In contrast to plants,they are barely investigated to their boundless possibilities as storehouses of novel bioactive metabolites.They produce diverse metabolites by different biosynthetic pathways with the host plant.Enthusiasm for endophytes as a characteristic asset for new drugs was roused by the disclosure of paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi.Anticancer activity is by and large connected with the cytotoxicity of the compounds present in the endophytic fungi.Phylogenetic classification of endophytic fungi is of great interest to mycologists as they can produce novel bioactive compounds with antitumor activity.This article audits anticancer compounds derived from endophytic fungi disengaged from the separate host plant.The endophytic fungi have been grouped by their host plants and anticancer compound synthesized.

关键词： antitumor activity bioactive metabolites classification host plant isolation