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Early Growth and Development of horseweed (Conyza canadensis(L.) Cronq.)

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 40-50页

作者： William T. Molin Katherine Parys Christine L. Beck

horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) produces thousands of small elongated seeds which are botanically defined as achenes;yet, relative to the quantity of achenes produced, few seedlings survive to produce mature plants. The developmental progression from achene to 4 mm seedlings was documented, and seedling response to moisture deprivation was described. Radical protrusion through the pericarp occurred between 18 and 30 hours after onset of imbibition in water or when germinated on soil at or greater than field capacity. A ring of root hair initials formed immediately after radical emergence at the interface of what was to become the separation between the root and hypocotyl. By 48 hours post imbibition, radicals differentiated into a distinct root with root cap and a hypocotyl, and root hairs elongated. By 72 hours post imbibition, seedlings had emerged from the pericarp, and had: expanded photosynthetic cotyledons, a clearly defined hypocotyl, a ring of elongated root hairs exceeding 1 mm in length, and a root equal or longer than the hypocotyl. The epicotyl had not yet emerged, and the total seedling length was approximately 3 to 4 mm. Germination was delayed on soil at or below field capacity. More than 95% of two- and four-day-old seedlings that had been desiccated for more than 24 hours died after being rehydrated.

关键词： horseweed Conyza canadensis Germination

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Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Glyphosate-Resistant and -Susceptible horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Biotypes of US Midsouth

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 47-56页

作者： Vijay K. Nandula Daniel H. Poston Clifford H. Koger Krishna N. Reddy K. Raja Reddy US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville MS USA Pioneer Hi-Bred International—Southern Business Unit Huntsville AL USA Silent Shade Planting Company Belzoni MS USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA

horseweed is traditionally considered a non-cropland weed. However, populations resistant to glyphosate have eventually become established in no-till agronomic cropping systems. Growth chamber and greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare selected biological and physiological parameters of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and -susceptible (GS) horseweed biotypes from Mississippi with a broader goal of fitness characterization in these biotypes. Vegetative growth parameters (number of leaves, rosette diameter and area, shoot and root fresh weights) were recorded weekly from 5 to 11 wk after emergence and reproductive attributes [days to bolting (production of a flowering stalk) and flowering] and senescence were measured for both GR and GS biotypes under high (24°C/20°C) and low (18°C/12°C) temperature regimes, both with a 13-h light period. Physiological traits such as net photosynthesis, phenolic content, and cell membrane thermostability, all in the presence and absence of glyphosate, and leaf content of divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ were assayed in the two biotypes under the high temperature regime. All horseweed vegetative growth parameters except root fresh weight were higher in the high temperature regime compared to that in low temperature regime in both biotypes. Number of leaves, rosette diameter and area, shoot and root fresh weight were 40 vs. 35, 9.3 vs. 8.7 cm, 51 vs. 43 cm2, 3.7 vs. 3.2 g, and 3.5 vs. 4.2 g under high and low temperature conditions, respectively, when averaged across biotypes and weekly measurements. All growth parameters listed above were higher for the GR biotype compared to the GS biotype. Number of leaves, rosette diameter and area, shoot and root fresh weight were 38 vs. 37, 9.1 vs. 8.9 cm, 50.2 vs. 44 cm2, 3.9 vs. 3.1 g, and 4.3 vs. 3.5 g for GR and GS biotypes, respectively, averaged across the temperature treatments and weekly measurements. Reproductive developmental data of these biotypes indicated that the GS biotype

关键词： Conyza canadensis Glyphosate Growth Fitness horseweed Resistance

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Differential Susceptibility of Conyza bonariensisBiotypes to Glyphosate and ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Argentina

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 22-30页

作者： Eduardo Puricelli Delma Faccini Marcelo Metzler Patricia Torres Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias and Consejo de Investigaciones Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina INTA Paraná Paraná Argentina

The aim of this study was to compare control of three stages biotypes (rosette, bolting, and repro- ductive stage) of Conyza bonariensis glyphosate susceptible biotype (S) and tolerant biotype (T) to glyphosate with glyphosate and mixtures of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting. For glyphosate, the dose-response curves confirmed that injury of the biotype T relative to biotype S was signifi- cantly lower for both rosette and bolting stages. Resistance index (RI) for this herbicide was approximately 4 for both weed stages. At bolting, for both biotypes doses much higher than the recommended dose were required. For acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, at the rosette stage, control of both biotypes was excellent with doses significantly lower than the recommended rate. All herbicides within this group showed a very low I50 relative to the recommended rate. These results indicate that biotypes difficult to control with glyphosate at the rosette and bolting stage may be controlled using acetolacte synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Control for the reproductive stage was poor. A management program based on the combination of glyphosate with pre- and post-emergence acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides may be effective to control the weed.

关键词： Glyphosate ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides Herbicide Tolerance horseweed Residual Weed Control

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Tolpyralate + Atrazine Applied Preemergence Provides Residual GR Canada Fleabane [Conyza canadensis(L.) Cronq.] Control Similar to Current Industry Standards

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第4期11卷 417-424页

作者： Nicole M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar David C. Hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada ISK Biosciences Inc. Concord OH USA

Tolpyralate is a benzoylpyrazole, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, and a herbicide registered for use in corn. The efficacy of tolpyralate plus atrazine to provide full-season residual control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane in corn is not known under Ontario environmental conditions. Five field trials were completed over a two-year period (2018-19) in south-western Ontario on farms with confirmed GR Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] populations to determine if tolpyralate + atrazine provides full-season residual control of GR Canada fleabane in corn. Corn injury was less than 10% with all treatments. At 4 weeks after application (WAA), tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1), and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 64, 78 and 72%, respectively. A tank mix of tolpyralate + atrazine at both rates improved GR Canada fleabane control to 94%. Saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine, and dicamba/atrazine controlled GR Canada fleabane 99, 95 and 92%, respectively. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 83, 88, and 83%, respectively (Table 2). The tank mixes of tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) and tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 94, and 97%, respectively, 8 WAA which was similar to saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine. There was no treatment difference for corn yield. Based on these results, tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1), tolpyralate (30 g·ha−1) + atrazine and tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1) + atrazine, applied PRE, provided similar control of GR Canada fleabane as current indu

关键词： Crop Injury Density Efficacy Glyphosate-Resistant horseweed Marestail Residual Weed Control Sensitivity Weed Control g·ai·ha-1

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