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Selection of tree species by principal component analysis for abandoned farmland in southeastern horqin sandy land,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 475-486页

作者： Peng Meng Jing Liu Xuefeng Bai Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109People’s Republic of China Liaoning Province Sand-Fixation and Afforestation Research Institute Fuxin 123000People’s Republic of China

With changes in global climate and land use,the area of desertified farmland in southeastern horqin sandy land(HSL)has increased in recent years,and farmlands are being abandoned.These abandoned farmlands(AFs)nega-tively impact the local ecology.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to select suitable trees and shrubs for those AFs to prevent and control the desertification tendency.In this study,three AFs were fenced for 2 years,then 37 arbor and shrub species or varieties of 21 families were planted in the fenced AFs and grown for 10 years.The ecological adaptability of the species was evaluated and ranked using a principal component analysis.The results showed that the biodiversity of the AFs significantly improved after 2 years of fencing;the Shannon-Wiener index and species rich-ness of perennial grasses and forbs were 1.45 and 3.6 times higher,respectively,than for the unfenced AF.Among all species planted in fenced AFs,nine tree species had posi-tive comprehensive F(CF)values;Pinus sylvestris(Russian Shira steppe provenance),Populus alba‘Berolinensis’and Gleditsia triacanthos had CF greater than 1,and the first(PC1),second(PC2)and third(PC3)principal component values(F_(1),F_(2),F_(3))were all positive.Among the shrubs,only Lespedeza bicolor and Rosa xanthina f.normalis had CF greater than 0.All these results suggest that fencing improves biodiversity and that planting trees and shrubs that have higher CF values on the basis of fencing is an effective way to green and beautify AFs in HSL.

关键词： horqin sandy land Fenced abandoned farmland Principal component analysis Tree species selection

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Diversity and composition of culturable fungi in horqin sandy land

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第2期14卷 109-119页

作者： ShaoKun Wang XueYong Zhao Hao Qu Jie Lian Fei Wang FengHua Ding Urat Desert-grassland Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhouGansu 730000China Naiman Desertification Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology Gansu ProvinceLanzhouGansu 730000China Lishui University LishuiZhejiang 323000China

Soil fungi play a key role in soil functional performance and ecological restoration.To understand the diversity and composition of culturable fungi in soils of horqin sandy land,China,mobile dune,semi-fixed dune,fixed dune and sandy grassland were selected to investigate the soil fungal diversity using a traditional culture-dependent approach.ITS sequencing was applied to identify the fungal strains.The counts of culturable fungi increased significantly from mobile dune to sandy grassland along the gradient of sandy land restoration.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and Evenness indices of culturable fungi ranged from 1.26-1.71,0.22-0.37 and 0.83-0.87,respectively.A total of 27 fungal strains were isolated using dilution plate cultural technique.The 27 fungal isolates were clustered into three groups:Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota at phylum level,indicating that Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum(88.9%of the total).The isolated fungi were grouped into 3 phyla,5 classes,6 orders,11 families and 13 genera.The results show that culturable fungi were diverse in sandy land soils and fungal isolates have potential function in lipid turnover,cellulose degradation and ethanol,glucose and fatty acid production.Future studies should be carried out to explore their ecological and biological function for degraded sandy land restoration.

关键词： Culturable fungi fungal diversity ITS sequences phylogenetic analysis horqin sandy land

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Simulating the effect of wind erosion on aeolian desertification process of horqin sandy land and its significance on material cycle:a wind tunnel study

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第1期14卷 43-53页

作者： CaiXia Zhang JinChang Li Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River Institute of Loess PlateauShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030006China

Samples from the horqin sandy land were exposed to a series of wind velocities,and sink particles were collected at the end of the diffusion section of a wind tunnel.Grain sizes of collected samples show great variation because of the granularity difference of the surface samples.The original samples show lower average content of SiO_(2) and higher average content of Al _(2)O_(3),Fe_(2)O_(3),MgO,CaO,Na_(2)O,and K_(2)O than collected samples.Compared with other dust source areas in China,the horqin sandy land had higher content of Zr,Ba,SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3) and K_(2)O.Compared with the average upper continental crust(UCC)composition,surface samples were rich in the content of Y,Zr,Nb,Ba,La,Nd.Geochemistry characteristics of fine grain components of the horqin sandy land differ from those from other dust source regions,because fine-grained particles in the horqin sandy land were mostly derived from various local deposits formed in its unique depositional environments influenced by several tectonic activities.

关键词： sink sand wind erosion aeolian process horqin sandy land

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land cover changes and the effects of cultivation on soil properties in Shelihu wetland,horqin sandy land,Northern China

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Journal of Arid land 2013年第1期5卷 71-79页

作者： Jie LIANI XueYong ZHAO XiaoAn ZUO ShaoKun WANG XinYuan WANG YongQing LUO Naiman Desertification Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

land cover change plays an essential role in the alternation of soils properties. By field investigation and applying satellite images, land cover information in the Shelihu wetland was carried out in an area of 2,819 hm2 in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2011, respectively, in horqin sandy land. A total of 57 soil sampling sites across Shelihu were chosen in wet meadow （CL0）, cropland （CL） and sandy land （SL） according to the spatial characteristics of water body change. Soil texture, organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） contents, electrical conductivity （EC） and pH were measured at the soil depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm to examine the influence of agricultural conversion and continuous cultivation on soil properties. The results showed that the study area was covered by water body in 1985, which gradually declined afterwards and then reclaimed rapidly at a mean annual rate of 132.1 hm2/a from wet meadow to cropland since 1995. In 2011, water body was drained and the area was occupied by 10.8% of CL0, 76.9% of CL and 12.3% of SL. Large amounts of SOC, TN and TP were accumulated in the above depths in CL0. Soil in CL0 also had higher EC and silt and clay fractions, lower pH than in SL and CL. Soil in SL was seriously degraded with lower contents of SOC, TN and TP than in CL and CL0. SOC, TN content and EC in CL decreased with the increase of cultivation age, while pH showed a reverse trend with significance at plough horizon. The agricultural conversion in Shelihu was driven by the comprehensive factors of precipitation reduction, economic development and intense competitions for irrigation water. Continuous cultivation in this process is not sustainable because of SOC degradation and nutrient content reduction. The key point is that conventional tillage and removal of residuals induced further land degradation. Wetland reclamation for immediate economic interests led to greater costs in the long-term environmental restoration in horqin sandy land.

关键词： wetland soil degradation wetland reclamation continuous cultivation horqin sandy land

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Plantations of native shrub species restore soil microbial diversity in the horqin sandy land, northeastern China

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Journal of Arid land 2014年第4期6卷 445-453页

作者： DeMing JIANG ChengYou CAO Ying ZHANG ZhenBo CUI XiaoShu HAN Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang

Caragana microphylla Lam., a leguminous shrub species, plays an important role in revegetation in the degraded ecosystems of the horqin sandy land, Northeastern China. Large areas planted with this shrub have been artificially established as sand binders for soil protection, which might change the composition of soil bacterial communities with the development of sand dune stabilization. In this paper, we investigated the diversity and composition of native soil bacterial communities in the C. microphylla plantation for sand fixation using polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE） to understand the influence of this plantation on sandy soil ecosystem development. We collected soil samples from plantations with an age sequence of 0, 9, 16, and 26 years, as well as from the natural community, to identify the differences among soil bacterial communities. The result showed that bacterial abundance and community composition in the sandy land were affected by the age of the C. microphylla plantation. Moreover, bacterial diversity decreased with increasing plantation age, and the composition of the bacterial community in the 26-year plantation was similar to that in the natural community. Phylogenetic analysis of bands excised from the DGGE gels showed that members of alpha Proteobacterium, gamma Proteobacterium, Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were dominant in the sandy land. The stabilization of moving sand dune and development of sand-fixed plantation resulted in an increase of soil fertility, which could drive the structural evolvement of soil bacterial community, and it needs over 20 years for the soil bacterial community to form a stable structure, similar to the case for the natural vegetation.

关键词： soil bacteria diversity plantation age denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis horqin sandy land

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Variation in soil water content to rainfall under Caragana microphylla shrub in horqin sandy land

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Journal of Arid land 2010年第3期2卷 174-179页

作者： Wang, ShaoKun Zhao, XueYong Qu, Hao Luo, YaYong Yun, JianYing Chinese Acad Sci Naiman Desertificat Res Stn Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China

In order to investigate the spatio-temporal variability of soil water content to rainfall under Caragana microphylla shrub in horqin sandy land, a plot of 25 m × 25 m, where there were 6 shrub canopies of C. microphylla, was sited for measuring soil water content at two soil layers of 0-20 cm (top layer) and 20-40 cm (lower layer). Soil water content was measured on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day after a 42 mm rainfall in Naiman of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that soil water contents at both layers under C. microphylla shrub were gradually decreased after the rain. Soil water content at the top layer outside the shrub canopy was higher than that inside the shrub canopy within 5 days, and became similar inside and outside the shrub canopy on the 10th day after the 42 mm rainfall, and it was lower outside than that inside the shrub canopy on the 15th day. The soil water content at lower layer in the area without shrubs was higher than that under shrub canopy all along. All the measured values of soil water content can be fitted to a variogram model. There was significant autocorrelation of the values of soil water content between top layer and lower layer, except for the fourth measured values of soil water content at top layer. The range and spatial dependence of soil water content at top layer were lower than that at lower layer.

关键词： horqin sandy land Caragana microphylla soil water content spatial variability

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Screening of cellulose decomposing fungi in sandy dune soil of horqin sandy land

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2015年第1期7卷 74-80页

作者： ShaoKun Wang XueYong Zhao XiaoAn Zuo XinPing Liu Hao Qu Wei Mao JianYing Yun Naiman Desertification Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cellulose decomposing fungi play an important role in litter decomposition and are decisive in nutrient cycling in sandy land ecosystems. Thirty-one strains were isolated to select efficient cellulose decomposers, and four efficient cellulose decomposing fungi （NM3-1, NM3-2, NM3-3, and NM3-4） were screened using a CMC （carboxymethyl cellulose） carbon source in dune soil of horqin sandy land. They were identified as Asperigillus calidoustus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Hypocrea lixii by rDNA-ITS molecular biological methods. Cloth decomposition rates were 15.71%, 15.89%, 17.29%, and 17.89% by the four efficient decomposers incubated for 30 days, respectively. Screening of efficient cellulose decomposers can not only increase the dune soil functional microbe bank, but can also accelerate litter decom- position and available nutrient input in the horqin sandy land.

关键词： cellulose decomposer screening sandy dune soil decomposition ability horqin sandy land

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Vertical distribution of Artemisia halodendron root system in relation to soil properties in horqin sandy land, NE China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第5期8卷 411-418页

作者： YongQing Luo XueYong Zhao JiePing Ding Tao Wang Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Gansu Academy of Environmental Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730020 China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

Root distribution plays an important role in both vegetation establishment and restoration of degraded land through in-fluencing soil property and vegetation growth. Root distribution at 0-60 cm depth of A. halodendron was investigated in horqin sandy land. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and nitrogen （SN） concentration as well as carbon and nitrogen in root biomass and necromass were measured. Root length density （RLD） was estimated. Total root biomass, necromass and the RLD at 0-60 cm depth was 172 g/m^2, 245 g/m^2, and 368 m/m^2, respectively. Both biomass and necromass of A. halodendron roots decreased with soil depth, live roots were mainly at 0-20 cm （76% of biomass and 63% of root length）, while 73% of the necromass was within 0-30 cm depth. N concentration of roots （biomass and necromass） was about 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively. There were significant differences in SOC concentration between soil layers, but insignificant for SN. Soil C/N ratio decreased with depth （P〈0.05）. C and N storage for belowground system at 0-60 cm decreased markedly with depth; 41.4% of C and 31.7% of N were allocated to the 0-10 cm layer. Root bio- and necromass together contained similar amount of C to that of the soil itself in the top layer. N stock was dominated by soil nitrogen at all depths, but more so in deeper layers. It is clear that differentiating between soil layers will aid in interpreting A. halodendron efficiency in soil restoration in sandy land.

关键词： organic carbon nitrogen allocation horqin sandy land soil restoration

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The response of Caragana microphylla seedlings to water table changes in horqin sandy land,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2015年第1期7卷 88-93页

作者： YunHua Ma TongHui Zhang XinPing Liu Wei Mao XiangFei Yue Naiman Desertification Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper focuses on the growth response of Caragana microphylla seedlings to changes of artificially controlled water table in horqin sandy land, China. Monitoring results of soil water content shows that soil moisture is closely correlated to groundwater depths. Soil volumetric water increased rapidly when close to water sources and finally stabilized in a saturated state. The soil moisture trend of CK （control） increased gradually at 0-50 cm of soil depth then decreased to 4% below 50 cm soil depth. C. microphylla can adapt to different soil environments by changes in ecological and physiological characteristics. By comparing the ecological characteristics of C. microphylla seedlings at various water tables, we found that a shallow water table of 40 cm depth inhibited seedling groundwater depth of 120 em was more advantageous for plant growth because of weak ecological characteristics. A height and canopy growth of C. microphylla seedlings. During the first two years, the most suitable water depth for root biomass was 120 cm, and 180 cm for root length. The growth of vertical roots is positively correlated with groundwater depth, and root thickness is the determinate factor for root biomass while the fine root is the determinate factor for root length. A thick root would grow much more in a natural drought environment while access to ground water promotes the growth of fine roots.

关键词： water table changes Caragana microphylla seedlings ecological characteristics horqin sandy land

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Comparison of soil physico-chemical properties under different land-use and cover types in northeastern China's horqin sandy land

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第6期8卷 495-506页

作者： YuQiang Li JianPeng Zhang XueYong Zhao TongHui Zhang YuLin Li XinPing Liu YinPing Chen Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University

The horqin sandy land of northeastern China was originally a grassland with plenty of water and lush vegetation dominated by palatable grass species along with sparsely scattered woody species. However, it has experienced severe desertification in recent decades due to its fragile ecology together with inappropriate human activities. Currently, the landscape of the horqin sandy land is dominated by irrigated croplands and sand dunes with different degrees of vegetation cover, as the region has become the most important part of the semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this study, we compared soil physical and chemical properties under different land-use and cover types （irrigated cropland, rainfed cropland, sandy grassland, fixed dunes, and mobile dunes）. We found that soil particle size distribution; organic C, total N, and total mineral element, microelement, and available microelement and nutrient contents; pH; CEC; and bulk density differed significantly among the land-use and cover types. In general, soil quality was highest in the cropland, intermediate in the sandy grassland, and lowest in the dunes. The most important soil quality attribute, soil organic carbon （SOC） storage, decreased in the fol-lowing order： irrigated cropland （5,699 g/m^2）〉 sandy grassland （3,390 g/m^2）〉 rainfed cropland （2,411 g/m^2）〉 fixed dunes （821 g/m^2）〉 mobile dunes （463 g/m^2）. SOC was significantly positively correlated with a large proportion of the other soil physico-chemical parameters. Our results suggest that the key issue in restoration of the degraded soils will be to increase SOC storage, which would also create a high potential for sequestering soil C in desertified areas of the horqin sandy land.

关键词： land use land cover soil properties desertification horqin sandy land

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