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Evolution mechanism of optical fiber strain induced by multi-fracture growth during fracturing in horizontal wells

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第1期49卷 211-222页

作者： CHEN Ming GUO Tiankui XU Yun QU Zhanqing ZHANG Shicheng ZHOU Tong WANG Yunpeng College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China College of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development SinopecBeijing 100083China

A forward model for optical fiber strain was established based on a planar 3D multi-fracture model. Then the forward method calculating distributed fiber strain induced by multi-fracture growth was proposed. Based on this method, fiber strain evolution during fracturing of the horizontal well was numerically simulated. Fiber strain evolution induced by fracture growth can be divided into three stages: strain increasing, shrinkage convergence, and straight-line convergence, whereas the evolution of fiber strain rate has four stages: strain rate increasing, shrinkage convergence, straight-line convergence, and strain rate reversal after pumping stops. Fiber strain does not flip after pumping stop, while the strain rate flips after pumping stop so that strain rate can reflect injection dynamics. The time when the fracture extends to the fiber and inter-well pressure channeling can be identified by the straight-line convergence band of distributed fiber strain or strain rate, and the non-uniform growth of multiple fractures can be evaluated by using the instants of fractures reaching the fiber monitoring well.When the horizontal section of the fiber monitoring well is within the height range of a hydraulic fracture, the instant of the fracture reaching the fiber can be identified;otherwise, the converging band is not apparent. In multi-stage fracturing, under the influence of stress shadow from previous fracturing stages, the tensile region of fiber strain may not appear, but the fiber strain rate can effectively show the fracture growth behavior in each stage. The evolution law of fiber strain rate in single-stage fracturing can be applied to multi-stage fracturing.

关键词： horizontal well multi-stage fracturing optical fiber strain strain distribution forward model identification of multi-fracture growth

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Comparative assessment of mechanical and chemical fluid diversion techniques during hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3582-3597页

作者： Maunish S.Shah Subhash N.Shah Drilling Cementingand Stimulation Research CenterDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy TechnologyPandit Deendayal Energy UniversityRaisanGandhinagarGujaratIndia Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering The University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA

The application of fluid diversion during hydraulic fracturing is an evolving technology and has become popular amongst E&P operators over the past few years.The primary objective of the fluid diversion is to improve hydraulic fracturing treatment by increasing stimulated reservoir volume and improving hydrocarbon recovery.This is possible by achieving any of the following objectives:creating uniform distribution of treatment slurry within the target zone;treating unstimulated and under-stimulated zones;or by increasing fracture density by creating a complex fracture network.The fluid diversion application is also helpful in decreasing the number of stages(by increasing stage length)for multi-stage plug-n-perf(PnP)fracturing treatment.It is also applied to prevent fracture-driven interactions between adjacent wells,which is currently a major issue,especially in shale.In addition,for successful refracturing treatment,the diverter application is essential for isolating the existing fractures and redirecting the treatment slurry to the desired unstimulated zones.The diversion methods can be broadly categorized into the mechanical and chemical diversion.Several established mechanical diversion techniques are frac plugs,expandable casing patches,expandable liners,swellable packers,straddle packer assembly,sand plugs,frac sleeves,perforation ball sealers,and limited entry technique.The different chemical diversion techniques are particulates,fibers,gels,surfactants,perforation pods,and composite diverting.This paper describes the current status of established mechanical and chemical diverter technologies and examines their comparative advantages and challenges.Various techniques are suitable for diverter application,but the technique is selected based on the desired objective and conditions of the wellbore and reservoir.The general guidelines for selecting diversion techniques and operational considerations are also provided in the paper.The diagnosis of diversion treatment plays an essential role in diversion techniqu

关键词： Fluid diversion Diverter Diverting agents Multi-stage fracturing Hydraulic fracturing horizontal well

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A Model for the Connectivity of horizontal wells in Water-Flooding Oil Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1441-1468页

作者： Chenyang Shi Fankun Meng Hongyou Zhang HuiJiang Chang Xun Zhong Jie Gong and Fengling Li Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province) Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas Wuhan430100China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd.Tianjin300459China Oilfield Technology Service Company Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKaramay834000China

As current calculation models for inter-well connectivity in oilfields can only account for vertical wells,an updated model is elaborated here that can predict the future production performance and evaluate the connectivity of horizontal wells(or horizontal and vertical wells).In this model,the injection-production system of the considered reservoir is simplified and represented with many connected units.Moreover,the horizontal well is modeled with multiple connected wells without considering the pressure loss in the horizontal direction.With this approach,the production performance for both injection and production wells can be obtained by calculating the bottom-hole flowing pressure and oil/water saturation according to the material balance equation and a saturation front-tracking equation.Some effort is also provided to optimize(to fit known historical production performances)the two characteristic problem parameters,namely,the interwell conductivity and connected volume by means of a SPSA gradient-free algorithm.In order to verify the validity of the model,considering a heterogenous reservoir,three conceptual examples are constructed,where the number ratio between injection and production wells are 1/4,4/1 and 4/5,respectively.It is shown that there is a high consistency between simulation results and field data.

关键词： Connectivity model horizontal well production performance interwell connectivity connected volume

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Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Glutenite Reservoirs for Optimized Deployment in horizontal wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 245-259页

作者： Yuhui Zhou Shichang Ju Qijun Lyu Hongfei Chen Xuebiao Du Aiping Zheng Wenshun Chen Ning Li School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas Wuhan430100China Western Research Institute Yangtze UniversityKaramay834000China Heavy Oil Company Xinjiang Oilfield Company of CNPCKaramay834000China

It is known that the pore media characteristics of glutenite reservoirs are different from those of conventional sandstone reservoirs.Low reservoir permeability and naturally developed microfractures make water injection in this kind of reservoir very difficult.In this study,new exploitation methods are explored.Using a real glutenite reservoir as a basis,a three-dimensional fine geological model is elaborated.Then,combining the model with reservoir performance information,and through a historical fitting analysis,the saturation abundance distribution of remaining oil in the reservoir is determined.It is shown that,using this information,predictions can be made about whether the considered reservoir is suitable for horizontal well fracturing or not.The direction,well length,well spacing and productivity of horizontal well are also obtained.

关键词： Glutenite reservoir horizontal well reservoir numerical simulation residual oil optimal deployment

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Analysis of wellbore Flow in Shale Gas horizontal wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第11期19卷 2813-2825页

作者： Linjuan Zeng Daogang Cai Yunhai Zhao Changqing Ye Chengcheng Luo Engineering Technology Research Institute of Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company PetroChinaChengdu610000China School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Theflow behavior of shale gas horizontal wells is relatively complex,and this should be regarded as the main reason for which conventional pipeflow models are not suitable to describe the related dynamics.In this study,numerical simulations have been conducted to determine the gas-liquid distribution in these wells.In particular,using the measuredflow pressure data related to 97 groups of shale gas wells as a basis,9 distinct pipeflow models have been assessed,and the models displaying a high calculation accuracy for different water-gas ratio(WGR)ranges have been identified.The results show that:(1)The variation law of WGR in gas well satisfies a power function relation.(2)The well structure is the main factor affecting the gas-liquid distribution in the wellbore.(3)The Beggs&Brill,Hagedorn&Brown and Gray models exhibit a high calculation accuracy.

关键词： Shale gas horizontal well production characteristics wellbore gas-liquid distribution pipeflow model

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THE OPTIMAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF 3D horizontal well AND ITS APPLICATION

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Annals of Differential Equations 2003年第4期19卷 559-565页

作者：韦艳华冯恩民钱伟懿 Dept.of Applied Math. Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024

A multi-objective optimal control model for nonlinear multilevel dynamical system is built in this paper. The existence of the solutions to this system and the controllability and the polykeys of the control are discussed. In order to obtain the global optimal solution, Uniform Design method is introduced to select initial feasible points, then an improved Hooke-Jeeves algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm and its corresponding software we developed has validated in more than 12 horizontal wells, which show their advantages such as less length of trajectory designed, more accuracy of target hitting and less time-consuming comparison with present conventional method.

关键词： horizontal well optimal control topology optimization

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THE　APPROXIMATE　FORMULAE　OF　PRODUCTIVITY　AND　well　TESTING　FOR　horizontal　wellS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1996年第4期8卷 1-8页

作者： Liu Ci-qun(Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Academia Sinica, LangFang 102801, P. R.China)

This paper studies steady and unsteady three dimensional flow of fluids in porous media for horizontal wells. The ellipsoids of revolution of equipotential are produced by a horizontal well as a line source. The approximate formulae of productivity and well testing for horizontal wells are derived by average method and investigating ellipsoids of equipotential as equally cylinder. Our formulae are simple and feasible in oil development project.

关键词： horizontal well line source ellipsoid of revolution

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Stability analysis of seabed strata and casing structure during the natural gas hydrates exploitation by depressurization in horizontal wells in South China Sea

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China Geology 2022年第2期5卷 300-309页

作者： Peng-fei Xie Lin Yang Qian-yong Liang Xu-hui Zhang Liang-hua Zhang Bin Zhang Xiao-bing Lu Hui-ce He Xue-min Wu Yi-fei Dong Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510760China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100084China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511400China

Natural gas hydrates(NGHs)are a new type of clean energy with great development potential.However,it is urgent to achieve safe and economical NGHs development and utilization.This study established a physical model of the study area using the FLAC^(3D) software based on the key parameters of the NGHs production test area in the South China Sea,including the depressurization method,and mechanical parameters of strata,NGHs occurrence characteristics,and the technological characteristics of horizontal wells.Moreover,this study explored the law of influences of the NGHs dissociation range on the stability of the overburden strata and the casing structure of a horizontal well.The results are as follows.With the dissociation of NGHs,the overburden strata of the NGHs dissociation zone subsided and formed funnelshaped zones and then gradually stabilized.However,the upper interface of the NGHs dissociation zone showed significant redistribution and discontinuity of stress.Specifically,distinct stress concentration and corresponding large deformation occurred in the build-up section of the horizontal well,which was thus prone to suffering shear failure.Moreover,apparent end effects occurred at the end of the horizontal well section and might cause the deformation and failure of the casing structure.Therefore,it is necessary to take measures in the build-up section and at the end of the horizontal section of the horizontal well to prevent damage and ensure the wellbore safety in the long-term NGHs exploitation.

关键词： Natural gas hydrates(NGHs) Exploitation by depressurization horizontal well Stratum subsidence Shear failure NGHs exploration trial engineering Oil and gas exploration engineering Shenhu Area South China Sea

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Drilling and completion technologies of coalbed methane exploitation: an overview

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第5期9卷 1-31页

作者： Tianshou Ma Jinhua Liu Jianhong Fu Bisheng Wu State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,thereby,it is crucial to develop,select and apply the optimum DCTs for each diferent CBM reservoir.This paper frstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifes its overall development tendency.Secondly,diferent well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized,and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed.Then,the key technologies of CBM drilling(directional drilling tools,measurement while drilling,geo-steering drilling,magnetic guidance drilling,underbalanced drilling and drilling fuids),and the key technologies of CBM completion(open-hole,cavity and under-ream completion,cased-hole completion,screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion)are summarized and analyzed,it is found that safe,economic and efcient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies.Finally,based on the current status of CBM development,the achievements,existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.

关键词： Coalbed methane CBM Exploitation Drilling Completion horizontal well L/U/V-shaped well Multilateral well

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Partial phase flow rate measurements for stratified oil-water flow in horizontal wells

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第3期47卷 613-622页

作者： SONG Hongwei GUO Haimin GUO Shuai SHI Hangyu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources(Yangtze University) Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Tianjin Branch Logging Company Limited CNPC Tianjin 300280China

To accurately measure and evaluate the oil-water production profile of horizontal wells, a dynamic measurement experiment of oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal wells and numerical simulation were combined to establish a method for measuring the partial phase flow rate of oil-water two-phase stratified flow in horizontal wells. An experimental work was performed in horizontal oil-water two-phase flow simulation well using combination production logging tool including mini-capacitance sensor and mini-spinner. The combination tool provides a recording of holdup and velocity profiles at five different heights of the borehole cross-section. The effect of total flow rate and water-cut on the response of spinner and capacitive sensor at five measured positions were investigated. The capacitance water holdup interpolation imaging algorithm was used to determine the local fluid property and oil-water interface height, and the measured local fluid speed was combined with the numerical simulation result to establish an optimal calculation model for obtaining the partial phase flow rate of the oil-water two-phase stratified flow in the horizontal well. The calculated flow rates of five measured points are basically consistent with the experimental data, the total flow rate and water holdup from calculation are in agreement with the set values in the experiment too, suggesting that the method has high accuracy.

关键词： horizontal well oil-water two-phase flow stratified flow regime flow rate measurement fluid dynamics experiment production logging

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