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Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Open Journal of forestry 2020年第4期10卷 428-444页

作者： Caroline Harris Tom Harris Jacek Siry Independent University of Georgia Athens GA USA

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

关键词： Forest Economics Property Law Property Rights Private Land Ownership history of forestry Alternative Asset Classes Premises Liability Recreational Land Use Business Law Capital Use Real Estate Title Rule of Law United States Constitutional Law Legal history

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history, Present and Expected Future of Forests in Slovakia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 711-716页

作者： Gubka Andrej Nikolov Christo Gubka Karol Galko Juraj Vakula Jozef Kunca Andrej Leontovyc Roman National Forest Centre—Forest Ressearch Institute ZvolenSlovak Republic Faculty of forestry Technical UniversityZvolenSlovak Republic

In this paper, we briefly summarize the problems that have been affecting Slovakian forestry in the past, in the present and are expected in the future. In the past, the forests in Central Europe were significantly harmed by the development of mining, metallurgy, wood processing industry, agriculture and grazing of sheep and cattle. Many areas have been completely deforested. Fundamental change occurred in the 18th Century, when the regulations about forest management, declared by Empress of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy Maria Therese, came into force. With the changing level of forest cover, there have been changing as well the problems in the forestry. Forests in Slovakia are nowadays dealing with the climate change, which is causing extreme weather fluctuations. It is connected with the emergence of abiotic disturbances after which usually occurs activation of biotic harmful agents. We expect that the most serious problem of forests in the future will be their state of health. We expect an increase representation of thermophilic tree species (beech and oak) at the expense of upland trees such as spruce. An important role will be played by the invasive species of plants, fungi and animals that can compete with native species and their habitats or in the situation of the absence of their reducents these can cause serious economic and environmental damage.

关键词： history of forestry Forest Pests Climate Change Future of Forests Bark Beetles

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