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Relationship between Pectic Substances and Strand Separation of Cooked Spaghetti Squash--Part 2. Changes in Firmness, histological structure and Pectic Substances during Soaking in Pectin Extractants

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2014年第4期4卷 228-235页

作者： Kayoko Ishii Ai Teramoto Hiroko Kuwada Chihiro Nakazaki Yuri Jibu Mayumi Tabuchi Michiko Fuchigami Department of Nutrition and Life Science Fukuyama University Fukuyama Hirosima-ken 729-0292 Japan Department of Health and Nutrition Kanto Gakuin University Yokohama Kanagawa-ken 236-8501 Japan Department of Nutritional Science Okayama Prefectural University Soja Okayama-ken 719-1197 Japan

The flesh of spaghetti squash separates into strands when cooked. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cause of strand separation （during cooking） by soaking for 24 h at 35 ℃ in solutions with three kinds of pectin extractant. The changes in strand separation, firmness, histological structure and the pectin of flesh during soaking in 0.01 N HCI solution （pH 2.0）, 0.035 M ammonium oxalate solution （pH 4.0） or 2% sodium hexametaphosphate solution （pH 4.0） were investigated. When flesh was soaked in the HCI solution, the separation into strands and removal of calcium and magnesium were greater than that soaked in other pectin extractants. High methoxyl pectin was extracted by soaking in HC1 solution （pH 2.0） due to removal of polyvalent cations. This result shows that high methoxyl pectin glues strands together in the flesh of spaghetti squash. The shape of the cells which constituted strands was round; on the other hand, that of cells surrounded strands was elongated. When cooked in boiling water or soaked at pH 2.0, the shape of the former cells was maintained, but the latter cells, which contributed to adhesion between strands, broke down. Thus, the flesh separated into strands. When flesh was boiled for 15-30 min, pectin degraded and dissolved in the cooking solution; consequently, the flesh separated into strands and also the middle lamella of cell walls of strands separated. However, pectin remaining in strands maintained their crispness.

关键词： Spaghetti squash pectin texture histological structure strand separation soaking pectin extractant.

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The histological structure of the liver and pancreas and distribution of glucagon of pancreas in the Siberian tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)

The histological structure of the liver and pancreas and dis...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物解剖学及组织胚胎学分会第十七次学术研讨会

作者： Fugui Fang Shudong Jiang Xijie Zhao Wen Hua Yajie Liu Fubao Li College of Animal Sciences and Technology Anhui Agricultural University

Glucagon is the hyperglycemic factor that opposes the action of *** stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen and increased *** is located in the tissues of the pancreas of many ***,the distribution of glucagon has not been investigated in the pancreas of the *** present study was performed to describe the histological structure of the liver and pancreas and the location of glucagon of pancreas in the 8-day-old Siberian *** tissues of the liver and pancreas were collected from three 8-day-old Siberian tigers that died of *** weight was recorded,and the histological sections were made and stained with *** localization of glucagon in tissue was detected by immunohistochemical two-step *** results show that the average weight of the liver and pancreas was approximately 39.06 g and 1.97 g,*** tissue structure of the liver consisted of hepatic lobulation and portal *** vein,hepatocyte tube,and hepatic sinusoid, and lymphatic tissue were found in hepatic *** veins,nterlobular artery,and interlobular bile duct were presented in portal *** pancreas was basically made up of exocrine portion and pancreas *** exocrine secretion of the pancreas included many pancreatic acinuses,and centroacinar cell was observed in the pancreatic ***-immunopositive cells were mainly located in the pancreas *** current study preliminarily revealed the histological features of the liver and pancreas and the distribution of glucagon in the pancreas of 8-day-old Siberian tiger,which requires further investigation.

关键词： Siberian tiger liver pancreas histological structure glucagon

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Comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 446-453页

作者： LONG Yu LIU Shaojun HUANG Weiren ZHANG Jian SUN Yuandong ZHANG Chun CHEN Song LIU Jinghui LIU Yun College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

The histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.),triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively *** result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes,and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level *** for the same type of pituitary cells,the cell size was increased gradually with the in-creasing ploidy *** the breeding season,the allotetraploid hybrids had higher proportion of go-nadotropin cells(GTH)than triploids,and the triploids had higher proportion of GTH than *** results were related to the earlier sexual maturity of allotetraploid hybrids and sterility of triploid cru-cian *** the other hand,among the three kinds of fishes,the proportion of somatotropin(STH)cells in triploids crucian carp was the highest,whereas that in allotetraploid hybrids was the *** results might be connected with the faster growth rate of triploids and slower growth rate of al-lotetraploid *** addition,in GTH cells of meso-adenohypophysis after the breeding season,there were many endocrine particles in triploids,while those endocrine particles were released from the cells in allotetraploids and *** result showed that the sterility of triploid crucian carp might be related to the hormone which was not released from the GTH *** a word,the present study indicated that the differences in the structure of pituitary among different ploidy level fishes contributed to their difference in the growth rate and gonadal development.

关键词： diploid triploid ailotetraploid pituitary histological structure ultra-structure

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histological and Ultrastructural Observation Reveals Significant Cellular Differences between Agrobacterium Transformed Embryogenic and Non-embryogenic Calli of Cotton

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第5期51卷 456-465页

作者： Hai-Hong Shang Chuan-Liang Liu Chao-Jun Zhang Feng-Lian Li Wei-Dong Hong Fu-Guang Li Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Chinese Cotton Research Institute Chinese Agricultural Academy of Sciences Anyang 455004 China

Over the past few decades genetic engineering has been applied to improve cotton breeding. Agrobacterium medicated transformation is nowadays widely used as an efficient approach to introduce exogenous genes into cotton for genetically modified organisms. However, it still needs to be improved for better transformation efficiency and higher embryogenic callus induction ratios. To research further the difference of mechanisms for morphogenesis between embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus, we carried out a systematical study on the histological and cellular ultrastructure of Agrobacterium transformed calli. Results showed that the embryogenic callus developed nodule-like structures, which were formed by small, tightly packed, hemispherical cells. The surface of some embryogenic callus was covered with a fibrilar-like structure named extracellular matrix. The cells of embryogenic calli had similar morphological characteristics. Organelles of embryogenic callus cells were located near the nucleus, and chloroplasts degraded to proplastid-like structures with some starch grains. In contrast, the non-embryogenic calli were covered by oval or sphere cells or small clusters of cells. It was observed that cells had vacuolation of cytoplasm and plastids with a well organized endomembrane system. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of embryogenic callus morphogenesis and to improve the efficiency of cotton transformation in future.

关键词： cell organization pattern chloroplasts embryogenic callus Gossypiurn hirsutum histological structure transformation ultrastructure

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Study on Development of Northeast China Fine-fleece Sheep Fetal Follicles

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2005年第1期12卷 68-73页

作者： LIUYun-bo HUPeng-fei WANGHai-long ZHANGJin-you LIChang-sheng ZHANGGui-xue CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology NortheastAgriculturalUniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150030PRC CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology NortheastAgriculturalUniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150030PRC／／NortheastChinaGeographyandAgo-ecosystemsResearchInstituteASHarbinHeilongjiang150040PRC

Different gestational age fetal follicles of Northeast China Fine-fleece Sheep were histologically studied. The results showed that boundaries between medulla and cortex was ambiguous at the eighth week and became obvious at the twelfth week. Primordial follicles could be found in 8-week fetal ovaries and some follicle cells became irregular cuboid in 12-week, but primary follicles could be found until 16-week. There was significant difference between 8-week and 12-week follicles in size (P < 0.01), most mitochondria were round, some diamond, irregular and juvenile ones could be found with the development of oocytes. Some of oocytes degenerated in each stage of development. The diameter of primary oocytes, primordial follicles and primordial follicular oocytes were larger in 12-16 weeks fetal ovaries than other times.

关键词： sheep fetal follicle ovary histological structure

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Transcriptomic profiling reveals new insights into the regulation of immune pathways during largemouth bass virus(LMBV) infection

Transcriptomic profiling reveals new insights into the regul...

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浙江省免疫学会第十三次学术大会

作者： Jing Chen Xiao-Hong Huang Jin-Biao Jiao Xue-Mei Yuan Lei Huang Zhe Yu Wen-Lin Yin Ling-Yun Lin Xiao-Yi Pan Jin-Yu Shen Hai-Qi Zhang Jia-Yun Yao Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries

Background:Largemouth bass virus（LMBV）,which belongs to the genus Ranavirus,causes high mortality and serious economic losses in the largemouth bass breeding ***:This study aims to investigate the immune regulatory mechanisms of largemouth bass induced by LMBV infection at different infection *** and methods:We conducted Hematoxylin-Eosin（HE） staining and transcriptome analysis for LMBV-infected largemouth bass with different time points in this ***:Hematoxylin-Eosin（HE） staining for liver and guts tissues indicated that the liver cells of largemouth bass were highly swollen,many round vacuoles were found in the cytoplasm,and intestinal villi increased,intestinal cavity expanded at 48 hours *** transcriptome analysis indicated that 150 differentially expressed genes（DEGs） uniquely existed in D-vs-H48,and 85 overlapped DEGs were detected in the six pairwise ***,a total of 1,895 differentially expressed transcription factors（TFs） were identified and classified into 69 TF families,among which zf-C2 H2（408）,Homeobox（291）,bHLH（167）,TFZIP（102） contained more genes than other TF families and involved in immune *** analysis indicated that the 1,631 DEGs of D-vs-H48 were enriched in 316 pathways,including Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction（ko04060）,JAK-STAT signaling pathway（ko04630）,TNF signaling pathway（ko04668）,***,we explored the time-process differential expression of 53 genes annotated in cytokine-cytokine receptor *** result revealed that D,H4,and H72 groups were clustered into one branch with a similar expression level,and H24 and H48 groups were clustered into one branch with a similar expression ***,a total of 9 genes showed a high expression level in D,H4,and H72 groups compared to H24 and H48 groups;44 genes had a low expression level in D,H4,and H72 groups,and a high expression level in H24 and H48 *** up-regulated genes mainly

关键词： Largemouth bass virus transcriptome analysis histological structure innate immune system cytokine

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饥饿后再投喂对黑鲷幼鱼补偿生长影响研究

饥饿后再投喂对黑鲷幼鱼补偿生长影响研究

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作者： Bergo OWARI NGANDZALI 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

Effects of single phase of food deprivation and refeeding on metabolic parameters were studies in juvenile black seam bream, weighing 15.79±0.21 g. Fish were divided into four different starvation periods:5,10,15 and 20 days designated as D5,D10, D15, and *** starvation periods fish were fed to satiation twice a day until the end of the experiment. The duration of refeeding periods was 51 days for D5,46 days for D10, 41 days for D15 and 36 days for D20, which was dictated by the length of the fasting period. The control group (DO) was continually fed to satiation throughout the experiment. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. Fish in all the experimental groups were fed the same diet (40.89% crude protein and 14.27% crude fat). Each group was assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were maintained in fiberglass tanks (600 L) and supplied with flowing seawater (3L min-1);temperature and salinity were 28±1℃and 29 g L-1, respectively. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were not below than 5.0 mg L'1 at any point. Fish were fed twice daily (0800 h and 1600h).Significant decrease in body weight was recorded as early as on day 10 of starvation. On day 20 this decrease was more pronounced, reaching lower value in comparison to the days,5-15 (P0.04). Survival was significantly affected by the length of starvation periods. Fish that starved for 20 days showed a lower survival rate than fish in control group, D5 and D10 (P0.05).A concomitant decrease in the whole body and muscle lipid content was also observed during this period, with a progressive decrease from day 10 to day 20 of starvation in

关键词： Starvation Refeeding Juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii Compensatory growth Enzymes activities Gastrointestinal tract histological structure

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兔半月板的正常形态结构

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中国运动医学杂志 1986年第1期 33-34+65页

作者：胡声宇武汉体育学院

将兔半月板作为实验材料,国内外均有报道,笔者在进行“中医中药治疗损伤半月板愈合机制探讨”的研究时,也将它作为标本。要了解中药对损伤半月板的作用机制,以及在兔半月板的哪些部位造成多深的切口为宜,必须对兔半月板的形态及正常结... 详细信息

将兔半月板作为实验材料,国内外均有报道,笔者在进行“中医中药治疗损伤半月板愈合机制探讨”的研究时,也将它作为标本。要了解中药对损伤半月板的作用机制,以及在兔半月板的哪些部位造成多深的切口为宜,必须对兔半月板的形态及正常结构有所了解。为此我们在这方面作了一些观察。

关键词： menisci histological structure microscope analysis

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