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Osteoporosis Prediction for Trabecular Bone using Machine Learning: A Review

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 89-105页

作者： Marrium Anam Vasaki a/p Ponnusamy Muzammil Hussain Muhammad Waqas Nadeem Mazhar Javed Hock Guan Goh Sadia Qadeer Department of Computer Science Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Faculty of Information and Communication Technology(FICT) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(UTAR)KamparMalaysia Department of Computer Science School of Systems and TechnologyUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahorePakistan

Trabecular bone holds the utmost importance due to its significance regarding early bone loss.Diseases like osteoporosis greatly affect the structure of the Trabecular bone which results in different outcomes like high risk of fracture.The objective of this paper is to inspect the characteristics of the Trabecular Bone by using the Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)technique.These characteristics prove to be quite helpful in studying different studies related to Trabecular bone such as osteoporosis.The things that were considered before the selection of the articles for the systematic review were language,research field,and electronic sources.Only those articles written in the English language were selected as it is the most prominent language used in scientific,engineering,computer science,and biomedical researches.This literature review was conducted on the articles published between 2006 and 2020.A total of 62 research papers out of 1050 papers were extracted which were according to our topic of review after screening abstract and article content for the title and abstract screening.The findings from those researches were compiled at the end of the result section.This systematic literature review presents a comprehensive report on scientific researches and studies that have been done in the medical area concerning trabecular bone.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging high resolution trabecular bone(TB) bone structure machine learning

Application of the DRS4 chip for GHz waveform digitizing circuits

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第5期39卷 73-79页

作者：杨海波苏弘孔洁成科陈金达杜成明张惊蛰 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Normal University

A new fast waveform sampling digitizing circuit based on the domino ring sampler （DRS）, a switched capacitor array （SCA） chip, is presented in this paper, which is different from the traditional waveform digitizing circuit constructed with an analog to digital converter （ADC） or time to digital converter. A DRS4 chip is used as a core device in our circuit, which has a fast sampling rate up to five gigabit samples per second （GSPS）. Quite satisfactory results are acquired by the preliminary performance test for this circuit board. Eight channels can be provided by one board, which has a 1 V input dynamic range for each channel. The circuit linearity is better than 0.1%, the noise is less than 0.5 mV （root mean square, RMS）, and its time resolution is about 50 ps. Several boards can be cascaded to construct a multi-board system. The advantages of high resolution, low cost, low power dissipation, high channel density and small size make the circuit board useful not only for physics experiments, but also for other applications.

关键词： DRS4 waveform sampling digitizing circuit high sampling rate high resolution

A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第4期5卷 543-551页

作者： Ni SHENG U Wa TANG Faculty of Management and Administration Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MacaoMacaoChina Dirccao dos Servicos de Proteccao Ambiental MacaoChina

Recently,a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed.Using the Macao Peninsula as a case study,this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining.Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1-2 km,the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore,can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission,urban geometry,and air pollution.The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macao Peninsula was modeled in a highspatial resolution of 319 receptors·km^(-2).The spatial relationship among air quality,traffic flow,and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated.The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment.The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.

关键词： traffic air pollution spatial distribution high resolution geographic information system

Seismic energy dispersion compensation by multi-scale morphology

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Petroleum Science 2014年第3期11卷 376-384页

作者： Yu Junqing Wang Runqiu Liu Taoran Zhang Zhenglong Wu Jian Jiang Yongyong Sun Lipeng Xia Pei College of Geophysics and Information Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) BGP Research & Development Center

Seismic energy decays while propagating subsurface, which may reduce the resolution of seismic data. This paper studies the method of seismic energy dispersion compensation which provides the basic principles for multi-scale morphology and the spectrum simulation method. These methods are applied in seismic energy compensation. First of all, the seismic data is decomposed into multiple scales and the effective frequency bandwidth is selectively broadened for some scales by using a spectrum simulation method. In this process, according to the amplitude spectrum of each scale, the best simulation range is selected to simulate the middle and low frequency components to ensure the authenticity of the simulation curve which is calculated by the median method, and the high frequency component is broadened. Finally, these scales are reconstructed with reasonable coefficients, and the compensated seismic data can be obtained. Examples are shown to illustrate the feasibility of the energy compensation method.

关键词： Seismic wave multi-scale morphology dispersion compensation high resolution median method spectrum simulation

Atomic level deposition to extend Moore’s law and beyond

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2020年第2期2卷 29-52页

作者： Rong Chen Yi-Cheng Li Jia-Ming Cai Kun Cao Han-Bo-Ram Lee State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadWuhanHubeiPeople’s Republic of China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

In the past decades,Moore’s law drives the semiconductor industry to continuously shrink the critical size of transistors down to 7 nm.As transistors further downscaling to smaller sizes,the law reaches its limitation,and the increase of transistors density on the chip decelerates.Up to now,extreme ultraviolet lithography has been used in some key steps,and it is facing alignment precision and high costs for high-volume manufacturing.Meanwhile,the introduction of new materials and 3D complex structures brings serious challenges for top-down methods.Thus,bottom-up schemes are believed to be necessary methods combined with the top-down processes.In this article,atomic level deposition methods are reviewed and categorized to extend Moore’s law and beyond.Firstly,the deposition brings lateral angstrom resolution to the vertical direction as well as top-down etching,such as double patterning,transfer of nanowires,deposition of nanotubes,and so on.Secondly,various template-assisted selective deposition methods including dielectric templates,inhibitors and correction steps have been utilized for the alignment of 3D complex structures.higher resolution can be achieved by inherently selective deposition,and the underlying selective mechanism is discussed.Finally,the requirements for higher precision and efficiency manufacturing are also discussed,including the equipment,integration processes,scale-up issues,etc.The article reviews low dimensional manufacturing and integration of 3D complex structures for the extension of Moore’s law in semiconductor fields,and emerging fields including but not limited to energy,catalysis,sensor and biomedicals.

关键词： Moore’s law atomic level deposition high resolution selective deposition alignment

Potential risks of spectrum whitening deconvolution——compared with well-driven deconvolution

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Petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 146-152页

作者： Li Guofa Zhou Hui Zhao Chao State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Deconvolution is widely used to increase the resolution of seismic data. To compare the resolution ability of conventional spectrum whitening deconvolution to thin layers with that of welldriven deconvolution, a complex sedimentary geological model was designed, and then the simulated seismic data were processed respectively by each of the two methods. The amplitude spectrum of seismic data was almost white after spectrum whitening, but the wavelet resolution was low. The amplitude spectrum after well-driven deconvolution deviated from white spectrum, but the wavelet resolution was high. Further analysis showed that if an actual reflectivity series could not well satisfy the hypothesis of white spectrum, spectrum whitening deconvolution had a potential risk of wavelet distortion, which might lead to a pitfall in high resolution seismic data interpretation. On the other hand, the wavelet after well- driven deconvolution had higher resolution both in the time and frequency domains. It is favorable for high resolution seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.

关键词： Well-driven high resolution spectrum whitening deconvolution seismic wavelet

Random projection method for ultra wideband signal acquisition

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2011年第6期18卷 14-21页

作者： LIN Jie SHI Guang-ming CHEN Xu-yang ZHANG Li School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University Xi＇an 710071 China

high-speed high-resolution analog-to-digital （A/D） conversion demanded by ultra wideband （UWB） signal processing is a very challenging problem. This paper proposes a parallel random projection method for UWB signal acquisition. The proposed method can achieve high sampling rate, high resolution and technical feasibility of hardware implementation. In the proposed method, an analog UWB signal is projected over a set of random sign functions. Then the low-rate high-resolution analog-to-digital convertors （ADCs） are used to sample the projection coefficients. The signal can be reconstructed by simple linear calculation with the sampling matrix, without complying with optimization algorithm and prior knowledge. In other aspects, unlike other approaches that need to utilize an accurate time-shift at extremely high frequency, or design a hybrid filter bank, or generate specific basis functions or work for signals with prior knowledge, the proposed method is a universal sampling approach and easy to apply. The simulation results of signal to noise ratio （SNR） and spurious-free dynamic range （SFDR） validate the efficiency of the proposed method for UWB signal acquisition.

关键词： random projection high speed high resolution data acquisition UWB signal

Inverse spectral decomposition using an I_p-norm constraint for the detection of close geological anomalies

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Petroleum Science 2020年第6期17卷 1463-1477页

作者： San-Yi Yuan Shan Yang Tie-Yi Wang Jie Qi Shang-Xu Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical ExplorationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019-0390USA

An important application of spectral decomposition(SD)is to identify subsurface geological anomalies such as channels and karst caves,which may be buried in full-band seismic data.However,the classical SD methods including the wavelet transform(WT)are often limited by relatively low time-frequency resolution,which is responsible for false high horizonassociated space resolution probably indicating more geological structures,especially when close geological anomalies exist.To address this issue,we impose a constraint of minimizing an lp(0

关键词： Spectral decomposition Seismic interpretation Inverse problem high resolution Deep exploration

Label-free visualization of cholesteatoma in the mastoid and tympanic membrane using CARS microscopy

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Journal of Otology 2016年第3期11卷 127-133页

作者： Jing Zou Antti Isomaki Timo Hirvonen Antti Aarnisalo Jussi Jero Ilmari Pyykko Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Center for Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery of Chinese PLAChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical University Hearing and Balance Research Unit Field of Oto-laryngologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Tampere Biomedicum Imaging Unit Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Central Hospital

Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy（CARS） microscopy to determine the specific molecular morphology of cholesteatoma by detecting the natural vibrational contrast of the chemical bonds without any staining.Materials and methods:Specimens from the mastoid and tympanic membrane with and without cholesteatoma were analyzed using CARS microscopy,two-photon excited fluorescence（TPEF） microscopy,and the second harmonic generation（SHG） microscopy.Results:In cholesteatoma tissues from the mastoid,a strong resonant signal at 2845 cm;was observed by CARS,which indicated the detection of the CH;hydro-carbon lipid bonds that do not generate visible signals at 2940 cm;suggestive of CH;bonds in amino acids.A strong resonant signal at 2940 cm;appeared in an area of the same specimen,which also generated abundant signals by TPEF and SHG microscopy at 817 nm,which was suggestive of collagen.In the tympanic membrane specimen with cholesteatoma,a strong resonant signal with corrugated morphology was detected,which indicated the presence of lipids.A strong signal was detected in the tympanic membrane with chronic otitis media using TPEF/SHG at 817 nm,which indicated collagen enrichment.The CARS and TPEF/SHG images were in accordance with the histology results.Conclusion:These results suggest the need to develop a novel CARS microendoscope that can be used in combination with TPEF/SHG to distinguish cholesteatoma from inflammatory tissues.

关键词： Cholesteatoma Imaging Label-free Raman spectroscopy high resolution